net/dnscache: work on IPv6-only hosts (again)

This fixes the regression where we had stopped working on IPv6-only
hosts.

Signed-off-by: Brad Fitzpatrick <bradfitz@tailscale.com>

derp/derphttp/derphttp_client.go

@@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ func (c *Client) dialURL(ctx context.Context) (net.Conn, error) {
 	dialer := netns.NewDialer()
 
 	if c.DNSCache != nil {
-		ip, err := c.DNSCache.LookupIP(ctx, host)
+		ip, _, err := c.DNSCache.LookupIP(ctx, host)
 		if err == nil {
 			hostOrIP = ip.String()
 		}

net/dnscache/dnscache.go

@@ -71,7 +71,8 @@ type Resolver struct {
 }
 
 type ipCacheEntry struct {
-	ip      net.IP
+	ip      net.IP // either v4 or v6
+	ip6     net.IP // nil if no v4 or no v6
 	expires time.Time
 }
 
@@ -91,78 +92,87 @@ func (r *Resolver) ttl() time.Duration {
 
 var debug, _ = strconv.ParseBool(os.Getenv("TS_DEBUG_DNS_CACHE"))
 
-// LookupIP returns the first IPv4 address found, otherwise the first IPv6 address.
+// LookupIP returns the host's primary IP address (either IPv4 or
-func (r *Resolver) LookupIP(ctx context.Context, host string) (net.IP, error) {
+// IPv6, but preferring IPv4) and optionally its IPv6 address, if
+// there is both IPv4 and IPv6.
+//
+// If err is nil, ip will be non-nil. The v6 address may be nil even
+// with a nil error.
+func (r *Resolver) LookupIP(ctx context.Context, host string) (ip, v6 net.IP, err error) {
 	if ip := net.ParseIP(host); ip != nil {
 		if ip4 := ip.To4(); ip4 != nil {
-			return ip4, nil
+			return ip4, nil, nil
 		}
 		if debug {
 			log.Printf("dnscache: %q is an IP", host)
 		}
-		return ip, nil
+		return ip, nil, nil
 	}
 
-	if ip, ok := r.lookupIPCache(host); ok {
+	if ip, ip6, ok := r.lookupIPCache(host); ok {
 		if debug {
 			log.Printf("dnscache: %q = %v (cached)", host, ip)
 		}
-		return ip, nil
+		return ip, ip6, nil
 	}
 
+	type ipPair struct {
+		ip, ip6 net.IP
+	}
 	ch := r.sf.DoChan(host, func() (interface{}, error) {
-		ip, err := r.lookupIP(host)
+		ip, ip6, err := r.lookupIP(host)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
-		return ip, nil
+		return ipPair{ip, ip6}, nil
 	})
 	select {
 	case res := <-ch:
 		if res.Err != nil {
 			if r.UseLastGood {
-				if ip, ok := r.lookupIPCacheExpired(host); ok {
+				if ip, ip6, ok := r.lookupIPCacheExpired(host); ok {
 					if debug {
 						log.Printf("dnscache: %q using %v after error", host, ip)
 					}
-					return ip, nil
+					return ip, ip6, nil
 				}
 			}
 			if debug {
 				log.Printf("dnscache: error resolving %q: %v", host, res.Err)
 			}
-			return nil, res.Err
+			return nil, nil, res.Err
 		}
-		return res.Val.(net.IP), nil
+		pair := res.Val.(ipPair)
+		return pair.ip, pair.ip6, nil
 	case <-ctx.Done():
 		if debug {
 			log.Printf("dnscache: context done while resolving %q: %v", host, ctx.Err())
 		}
-		return nil, ctx.Err()
+		return nil, nil, ctx.Err()
 	}
 }
 
-func (r *Resolver) lookupIPCache(host string) (ip net.IP, ok bool) {
+func (r *Resolver) lookupIPCache(host string) (ip, ip6 net.IP, ok bool) {
 	r.mu.Lock()
 	defer r.mu.Unlock()
 	if ent, ok := r.ipCache[host]; ok && ent.expires.After(time.Now()) {
-		return ent.ip, true
+		return ent.ip, ent.ip6, true
 	}
-	return nil, false
+	return nil, nil, false
 }
 
-func (r *Resolver) lookupIPCacheExpired(host string) (ip net.IP, ok bool) {
+func (r *Resolver) lookupIPCacheExpired(host string) (ip, ip6 net.IP, ok bool) {
 	r.mu.Lock()
 	defer r.mu.Unlock()
 	if ent, ok := r.ipCache[host]; ok {
-		return ent.ip, true
+		return ent.ip, ent.ip6, true
 	}
-	return nil, false
+	return nil, nil, false
 }
 
 func (r *Resolver) lookupTimeoutForHost(host string) time.Duration {
 	if r.UseLastGood {
-		if _, ok := r.lookupIPCacheExpired(host); ok {
+		if _, _, ok := r.lookupIPCacheExpired(host); ok {
 			// If we have some previous good value for this host,
 			// don't give this DNS lookup much time. If we're in a
 			// situation where the user's DNS server is unreachable
@@ -177,40 +187,52 @@ func (r *Resolver) lookupTimeoutForHost(host string) time.Duration {
 	return 10 * time.Second
 }
 
-func (r *Resolver) lookupIP(host string) (net.IP, error) {
+func (r *Resolver) lookupIP(host string) (ip, ip6 net.IP, err error) {
-	if ip, ok := r.lookupIPCache(host); ok {
+	if ip, ip6, ok := r.lookupIPCache(host); ok {
 		if debug {
 			log.Printf("dnscache: %q found in cache as %v", host, ip)
 		}
-		return ip, nil
+		return ip, ip6, nil
 	}
 
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), r.lookupTimeoutForHost(host))
 	defer cancel()
 	ips, err := r.fwd().LookupIPAddr(ctx, host)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		return nil, nil, err
 	}
 	if len(ips) == 0 {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("no IPs for %q found", host)
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("no IPs for %q found", host)
 	}
 
+	have4 := false
 	for _, ipa := range ips {
 		if ip4 := ipa.IP.To4(); ip4 != nil {
-			return r.addIPCache(host, ip4, r.ttl()), nil
+			if !have4 {
+				ip6 = ip
+				ip = ip4
+				have4 = true
+			}
+		} else {
+			if have4 {
+				ip6 = ipa.IP
+			} else {
+				ip = ipa.IP
+			}
 		}
 	}
-	return r.addIPCache(host, ips[0].IP, r.ttl()), nil
+	r.addIPCache(host, ip, ip6, r.ttl())
+	return ip, ip6, nil
 }
 
-func (r *Resolver) addIPCache(host string, ip net.IP, d time.Duration) net.IP {
+func (r *Resolver) addIPCache(host string, ip, ip6 net.IP, d time.Duration) {
 	if isPrivateIP(ip) {
 		// Don't cache obviously wrong entries from captive portals.
 		// TODO: use DoH or DoT for the forwarding resolver?
 		if debug {
 			log.Printf("dnscache: %q resolved to private IP %v; using but not caching", host, ip)
 		}
-		return ip
+		return
 	}
 
 	if debug {
@@ -222,8 +244,7 @@ func (r *Resolver) addIPCache(host string, ip net.IP, d time.Duration) net.IP {
 	if r.ipCache == nil {
 		r.ipCache = make(map[string]ipCacheEntry)
 	}
-	r.ipCache[host] = ipCacheEntry{ip: ip, expires: time.Now().Add(d)}
+	r.ipCache[host] = ipCacheEntry{ip: ip, ip6: ip6, expires: time.Now().Add(d)}
-	return ip
 }
 
 func mustCIDR(s string) *net.IPNet {
@@ -255,7 +276,7 @@ func Dialer(fwd DialContextFunc, dnsCache *Resolver) DialContextFunc {
 			// inventing a similar one.
 			return fwd(ctx, network, address)
 		}
-		ip, err := dnsCache.LookupIP(ctx, host)
+		ip, ip6, err := dnsCache.LookupIP(ctx, host)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to resolve %q: %w", host, err)
 		}
@@ -263,6 +284,19 @@ func Dialer(fwd DialContextFunc, dnsCache *Resolver) DialContextFunc {
 		if debug {
 			log.Printf("dnscache: dialing %s, %s for %s", network, dst, address)
 		}
+		c, err := fwd(ctx, network, dst)
+		if err == nil || ctx.Err() != nil || ip6 == nil {
+			return c, err
+		}
+		// Fall back to trying IPv6.
+		// TODO(bradfitz): this is a primarily for IPv6-only
+		// hosts; it's not supposed to be a real Happy
+		// Eyeballs implementation. We should use the net
+		// package's implementation of that by plumbing this
+		// dnscache impl into net.Dialer.Resolver.Dial and
+		// unmarshal/marshal DNS queries/responses to the net
+		// package. This works for v6-only hosts for now.
+		dst = net.JoinHostPort(ip6.String(), port)
 		return fwd(ctx, network, dst)
 	}
 }