ipn/ipnlocal: plumb ExitNodeDNSResolvers for IsWireGuardOnly exit nodes

Control sends ExitNodeDNSResolvers when configured for IsWireGuardOnly
nodes that are to be used as the default resolver with a lower
precedence than split DNS, and a lower precedence than "Override local
DNS", but otherwise before local DNS is used when the exit node is in
use.

Neither of the below changes were problematic, but appeared so alongside
a number of other client and external changes. See tailscale/corp#14809.

Reland ea9dd8fabc.
Reland d52ab181c3.

Updates #9377
Updates tailscale/corp#14809

Signed-off-by: James Tucker <james@tailscale.com>

ipn/ipnlocal/local.go

@@ -3339,9 +3339,7 @@ func dnsConfigForNetmap(nm *netmap.NetworkMap, peers map[tailcfg.NodeID]tailcfg.
 	}
 
 	addDefault := func(resolvers []*dnstype.Resolver) {
-		for _, r := range resolvers {
-			dcfg.DefaultResolvers = append(dcfg.DefaultResolvers, r)
-		}
+		dcfg.DefaultResolvers = append(dcfg.DefaultResolvers, resolvers...)
 	}
 
 	// If we're using an exit node and that exit node is new enough (1.19.x+)
@@ -3351,7 +3349,17 @@ func dnsConfigForNetmap(nm *netmap.NetworkMap, peers map[tailcfg.NodeID]tailcfg.
 		return dcfg
 	}
 
+	// If the user has set default resolvers ("override local DNS"), prefer to
+	// use those resolvers as the default, otherwise if there are WireGuard exit
+	// node resolvers, use those as the default.
+	if len(nm.DNS.Resolvers) > 0 {
 		addDefault(nm.DNS.Resolvers)
+	} else {
+		if resolvers, ok := wireguardExitNodeDNSResolvers(nm, peers, prefs.ExitNodeID()); ok {
+			addDefault(resolvers)
+		}
+	}
+
 	for suffix, resolvers := range nm.DNS.Routes {
 		fqdn, err := dnsname.ToFQDN(suffix)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -3366,11 +3374,10 @@ func dnsConfigForNetmap(nm *netmap.NetworkMap, peers map[tailcfg.NodeID]tailcfg.
 		//
 		// While we're already populating it, might as well size the
 		// slice appropriately.
+		// Per #9498 the exact requirements of nil vs empty slice remain
+		// unclear, this is a haunted graveyard to be resolved.
 		dcfg.Routes[fqdn] = make([]*dnstype.Resolver, 0, len(resolvers))
-
-		for _, r := range resolvers {
-			dcfg.Routes[fqdn] = append(dcfg.Routes[fqdn], r)
-		}
+		dcfg.Routes[fqdn] = append(dcfg.Routes[fqdn], resolvers...)
 	}
 
 	// Set FallbackResolvers as the default resolvers in the
@@ -4768,6 +4775,32 @@ func exitNodeCanProxyDNS(nm *netmap.NetworkMap, peers map[tailcfg.NodeID]tailcfg
 	return "", false
 }
 
+// wireguardExitNodeDNSResolvers returns the DNS resolvers to use for a
+// WireGuard-only exit node, if it has resolver addresses.
+func wireguardExitNodeDNSResolvers(nm *netmap.NetworkMap, peers map[tailcfg.NodeID]tailcfg.NodeView, exitNodeID tailcfg.StableNodeID) ([]*dnstype.Resolver, bool) {
+	if exitNodeID.IsZero() {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+
+	for _, p := range peers {
+		if p.StableID() == exitNodeID {
+			if p.IsWireGuardOnly() {
+				resolvers := p.ExitNodeDNSResolvers()
+				if !resolvers.IsNil() && resolvers.Len() > 0 {
+					copies := make([]*dnstype.Resolver, resolvers.Len())
+					for i := range resolvers.LenIter() {
+						copies[i] = resolvers.At(i).AsStruct()
+					}
+					return copies, true
+				}
+			}
+			return nil, false
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil, false
+}
+
 func peerCanProxyDNS(p tailcfg.NodeView) bool {
 	if p.Cap() >= 26 {
 		// Actually added at 25

ipn/ipnlocal/local_test.go

@@ -22,11 +22,13 @@ import (
 	"tailscale.com/tailcfg"
 	"tailscale.com/tsd"
 	"tailscale.com/tstest"
+	"tailscale.com/types/dnstype"
 	"tailscale.com/types/key"
 	"tailscale.com/types/logger"
 	"tailscale.com/types/logid"
 	"tailscale.com/types/netmap"
 	"tailscale.com/types/ptr"
+	"tailscale.com/util/dnsname"
 	"tailscale.com/util/set"
 	"tailscale.com/wgengine"
 	"tailscale.com/wgengine/filter"
@@ -899,3 +901,259 @@ func TestWhoIs(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestWireguardExitNodeDNSResolvers(t *testing.T) {
+	type tc struct {
+		name          string
+		id            tailcfg.StableNodeID
+		peers         []*tailcfg.Node
+		wantOK        bool
+		wantResolvers []*dnstype.Resolver
+	}
+
+	tests := []tc{
+		{
+			name:          "no peers",
+			id:            "1",
+			wantOK:        false,
+			wantResolvers: nil,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "non wireguard peer",
+			id:   "1",
+			peers: []*tailcfg.Node{
+				{
+					ID:                   1,
+					StableID:             "1",
+					IsWireGuardOnly:      false,
+					ExitNodeDNSResolvers: []*dnstype.Resolver{{Addr: "dns.example.com"}},
+				},
+			},
+			wantOK:        false,
+			wantResolvers: nil,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "no matching IDs",
+			id:   "2",
+			peers: []*tailcfg.Node{
+				{
+					ID:                   1,
+					StableID:             "1",
+					IsWireGuardOnly:      true,
+					ExitNodeDNSResolvers: []*dnstype.Resolver{{Addr: "dns.example.com"}},
+				},
+			},
+			wantOK:        false,
+			wantResolvers: nil,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "wireguard peer",
+			id:   "1",
+			peers: []*tailcfg.Node{
+				{
+					ID:                   1,
+					StableID:             "1",
+					IsWireGuardOnly:      true,
+					ExitNodeDNSResolvers: []*dnstype.Resolver{{Addr: "dns.example.com"}},
+				},
+			},
+			wantOK:        true,
+			wantResolvers: []*dnstype.Resolver{{Addr: "dns.example.com"}},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		peers := peersMap(nodeViews(tc.peers))
+		nm := &netmap.NetworkMap{}
+		gotResolvers, gotOK := wireguardExitNodeDNSResolvers(nm, peers, tc.id)
+
+		if gotOK != tc.wantOK || !resolversEqual(t, gotResolvers, tc.wantResolvers) {
+			t.Errorf("case: %s: got %v, %v, want %v, %v", tc.name, gotOK, gotResolvers, tc.wantOK, tc.wantResolvers)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDNSConfigForNetmapForExitNodeConfigs(t *testing.T) {
+	type tc struct {
+		name                 string
+		exitNode             tailcfg.StableNodeID
+		peers                []tailcfg.NodeView
+		dnsConfig            *tailcfg.DNSConfig
+		wantDefaultResolvers []*dnstype.Resolver
+		wantRoutes           map[dnsname.FQDN][]*dnstype.Resolver
+	}
+
+	defaultResolvers := []*dnstype.Resolver{{Addr: "default.example.com"}}
+	wgResolvers := []*dnstype.Resolver{{Addr: "wg.example.com"}}
+	peers := []tailcfg.NodeView{
+		(&tailcfg.Node{
+			ID:                   1,
+			StableID:             "wg",
+			IsWireGuardOnly:      true,
+			ExitNodeDNSResolvers: wgResolvers,
+			Hostinfo:             (&tailcfg.Hostinfo{}).View(),
+		}).View(),
+		// regular tailscale exit node with DNS capabilities
+		(&tailcfg.Node{
+			Cap:      26,
+			ID:       2,
+			StableID: "ts",
+			Hostinfo: (&tailcfg.Hostinfo{}).View(),
+		}).View(),
+	}
+	exitDOH := peerAPIBase(&netmap.NetworkMap{Peers: peers}, peers[0]) + "/dns-query"
+	routes := map[dnsname.FQDN][]*dnstype.Resolver{
+		"route.example.com.": {{Addr: "route.example.com"}},
+	}
+	stringifyRoutes := func(routes map[dnsname.FQDN][]*dnstype.Resolver) map[string][]*dnstype.Resolver {
+		if routes == nil {
+			return nil
+		}
+		m := make(map[string][]*dnstype.Resolver)
+		for k, v := range routes {
+			m[string(k)] = v
+		}
+		return m
+	}
+
+	tests := []tc{
+		{
+			name:                 "noExit/noRoutes/noResolver",
+			exitNode:             "",
+			peers:                peers,
+			dnsConfig:            &tailcfg.DNSConfig{},
+			wantDefaultResolvers: nil,
+			wantRoutes:           nil,
+		},
+		{
+			name:                 "tsExit/noRoutes/noResolver",
+			exitNode:             "ts",
+			peers:                peers,
+			dnsConfig:            &tailcfg.DNSConfig{},
+			wantDefaultResolvers: []*dnstype.Resolver{{Addr: exitDOH}},
+			wantRoutes:           nil,
+		},
+		{
+			name:                 "tsExit/noRoutes/defaultResolver",
+			exitNode:             "ts",
+			peers:                peers,
+			dnsConfig:            &tailcfg.DNSConfig{Resolvers: defaultResolvers},
+			wantDefaultResolvers: []*dnstype.Resolver{{Addr: exitDOH}},
+			wantRoutes:           nil,
+		},
+
+		// The following two cases may need to be revisited. For a shared-in
+		// exit node split-DNS may effectively break, furthermore in the future
+		// if different nodes observe different DNS configurations, even a
+		// tailnet local exit node may present a different DNS configuration,
+		// which may not meet expectations in some use cases.
+		// In the case where a default resolver is set, the default resolver
+		// should also perhaps take precedence also.
+		{
+			name:                 "tsExit/routes/noResolver",
+			exitNode:             "ts",
+			peers:                peers,
+			dnsConfig:            &tailcfg.DNSConfig{Routes: stringifyRoutes(routes)},
+			wantDefaultResolvers: []*dnstype.Resolver{{Addr: exitDOH}},
+			wantRoutes:           nil,
+		},
+		{
+			name:                 "tsExit/routes/defaultResolver",
+			exitNode:             "ts",
+			peers:                peers,
+			dnsConfig:            &tailcfg.DNSConfig{Routes: stringifyRoutes(routes), Resolvers: defaultResolvers},
+			wantDefaultResolvers: []*dnstype.Resolver{{Addr: exitDOH}},
+			wantRoutes:           nil,
+		},
+
+		// WireGuard exit nodes with DNS capabilities provide a "fallback" type
+		// behavior, they have a lower precedence than a default resolver, but
+		// otherwise allow split-DNS to operate as normal, and are used when
+		// there is no default resolver.
+		{
+			name:                 "wgExit/noRoutes/noResolver",
+			exitNode:             "wg",
+			peers:                peers,
+			dnsConfig:            &tailcfg.DNSConfig{},
+			wantDefaultResolvers: wgResolvers,
+			wantRoutes:           nil,
+		},
+		{
+			name:                 "wgExit/noRoutes/defaultResolver",
+			exitNode:             "wg",
+			peers:                peers,
+			dnsConfig:            &tailcfg.DNSConfig{Resolvers: defaultResolvers},
+			wantDefaultResolvers: defaultResolvers,
+			wantRoutes:           nil,
+		},
+		{
+			name:                 "wgExit/routes/defaultResolver",
+			exitNode:             "wg",
+			peers:                peers,
+			dnsConfig:            &tailcfg.DNSConfig{Routes: stringifyRoutes(routes), Resolvers: defaultResolvers},
+			wantDefaultResolvers: defaultResolvers,
+			wantRoutes:           routes,
+		},
+		{
+			name:                 "wgExit/routes/noResolver",
+			exitNode:             "wg",
+			peers:                peers,
+			dnsConfig:            &tailcfg.DNSConfig{Routes: stringifyRoutes(routes)},
+			wantDefaultResolvers: wgResolvers,
+			wantRoutes:           routes,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			nm := &netmap.NetworkMap{
+				Peers: tc.peers,
+				DNS:   *tc.dnsConfig,
+			}
+
+			prefs := &ipn.Prefs{ExitNodeID: tc.exitNode, CorpDNS: true}
+			got := dnsConfigForNetmap(nm, peersMap(tc.peers), prefs.View(), t.Logf, "")
+			if !resolversEqual(t, got.DefaultResolvers, tc.wantDefaultResolvers) {
+				t.Errorf("DefaultResolvers: got %#v, want %#v", got.DefaultResolvers, tc.wantDefaultResolvers)
+			}
+			if !routesEqual(t, got.Routes, tc.wantRoutes) {
+				t.Errorf("Routes: got %#v, want %#v", got.Routes, tc.wantRoutes)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func resolversEqual(t *testing.T, a, b []*dnstype.Resolver) bool {
+	if a == nil && b == nil {
+		return true
+	}
+	if a == nil || b == nil {
+		t.Errorf("resolversEqual: a == nil || b == nil : %#v != %#v", a, b)
+		return false
+	}
+	if len(a) != len(b) {
+		t.Errorf("resolversEqual: len(a) != len(b) : %#v != %#v", a, b)
+		return false
+	}
+	for i := range a {
+		if !a[i].Equal(b[i]) {
+			t.Errorf("resolversEqual: a != b [%d]: %v != %v", i, *a[i], *b[i])
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+func routesEqual(t *testing.T, a, b map[dnsname.FQDN][]*dnstype.Resolver) bool {
+	if len(a) != len(b) {
+		t.Logf("routes: len(a) != len(b): %d != %d", len(a), len(b))
+		return false
+	}
+	for name := range a {
+		if !resolversEqual(t, a[name], b[name]) {
+			t.Logf("routes: a != b [%s]: %v != %v", name, a[name], b[name])
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}

tailcfg/tailcfg.go

@@ -115,7 +115,8 @@ type CapabilityVersion int
 //   - 73: 2023-09-01: Non-Windows clients expect to receive ClientVersion
 //   - 74: 2023-09-18: Client understands NodeCapMap
 //   - 75: 2023-09-12: Client understands NodeAttrDNSForwarderDisableTCPRetries
-const CurrentCapabilityVersion CapabilityVersion = 75
+//   - 76: 2023-09-20: Client understands ExitNodeDNSResolvers for IsWireGuardOnly nodes
+const CurrentCapabilityVersion CapabilityVersion = 76
 
 type StableID string