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@ -106,15 +106,17 @@ Server implementation
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Retrieving Server Keys
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Version 2
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+++++++++
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.. NOTE::
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There was once a "version 1" of the key exchange. It has been removed from the
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specification due to lack of significance. It may be reviewed `here
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<https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-doc/blob/51faf8ed2e4a63d4cfd6d23183698ed169956cc0/specification/server_server_api.rst#232version-1>`_.
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Each homeserver publishes its public keys under ``/_matrix/key/v2/server/``.
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Homeservers query for keys by either getting ``/_matrix/key/v2/server/``
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Each homeserver publishes its public keys under ``/_matrix/key/v2/server/{keyId}``.
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Homeservers query for keys by either getting ``/_matrix/key/v2/server/{keyId}``
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directly or by querying an intermediate notary server using a
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``/_matrix/key/v2/query`` API. Intermediate notary servers query the
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``/_matrix/key/v2/server/`` API on behalf of another server and sign the
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response with their own key. A server may query multiple notary servers to
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``/_matrix/key/v2/query/{serverName}/{keyId}`` API. Intermediate notary servers
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query the ``/_matrix/key/v2/server/{keyId}`` API on behalf of another server and
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sign the response with their own key. A server may query multiple notary servers to
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ensure that they all report the same public keys.
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This approach is borrowed from the `Perspectives Project`_, but modified to
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@ -126,113 +128,33 @@ server by querying other servers.
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.. _Perspectives Project: https://web.archive.org/web/20170702024706/https://perspectives-project.org/
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Publishing Keys
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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+++++++++++++++
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Homeservers publish the allowed TLS fingerprints and signing keys in a JSON
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object at ``/_matrix/key/v2/server/{key_id}``. The response contains a list of
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``verify_keys`` that are valid for signing federation requests made by the
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server and for signing events. It contains a list of ``old_verify_keys`` which
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homeserver and for signing events. It contains a list of ``old_verify_keys`` which
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are only valid for signing events. Finally the response contains a list of TLS
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certificate fingerprints to validate any connection made to the server.
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A server may have multiple keys active at a given time. A server may have any
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number of old keys. It is recommended that servers return a single JSON
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response listing all of its keys whenever any ``key_id`` is requested to reduce
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the number of round trips needed to discover the relevant keys for a server.
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However a server may return different responses for a different ``key_id``.
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The ``tls_certificates`` field contains a list of hashes of the X.509 TLS
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certificates currently used by the server. The list must include SHA-256 hashes
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for every certificate currently in use by the server. These fingerprints are
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valid until the millisecond POSIX timestamp in ``valid_until_ts``.
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The ``verify_keys`` can be used to sign requests and events made by the server
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until the millisecond POSIX timestamp in ``valid_until_ts``. If a homeserver
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receives an event with a ``origin_server_ts`` after the ``valid_until_ts`` then
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it should request that ``key_id`` for the originating server to check whether
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the key has expired.
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The ``old_verify_keys`` can be used to sign events with an ``origin_server_ts``
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before the ``expired_ts``. The ``expired_ts`` is a millisecond POSIX timestamp
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of when the originating server stopped using that key.
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Intermediate notary servers should cache a response for half of its remaining
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lifetime to avoid serving a stale response. Originating servers should avoid
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returning responses that expire in less than an hour to avoid repeated requests
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for a certificate that is about to expire. Requesting servers should limit how
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frequently they query for certificates to avoid flooding a server with
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requests.
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If a server goes offline intermediate notary servers should continue to return
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the last response they received from that server so that the signatures of old
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events sent by that server can still be checked.
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certificate fingerprints to validate any connection made to the homeserver.
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{{keys_server_ss_http_api}}
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Querying Keys Through Another Server
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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Servers may offer a query API ``/_matrix/key/v2/query/`` for getting the keys
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for another server. This API can be used to GET a list of JSON objects for a
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given server or to POST a bulk query for a number of keys from a number of
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servers. Either way the response is a list of JSON objects containing the
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JSON published by the server under ``/_matrix/key/v2/server/`` signed by
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both the originating server and by this server.
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The ``minimum_valid_until_ts`` is a millisecond POSIX timestamp indicating
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when the returned certificate will need to be valid until to be useful to the
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requesting server. This can be set using the maximum ``origin_server_ts`` of
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a batch of events that a requesting server is trying to validate. This allows
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an intermediate notary server to give a prompt cached response even if the
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originating server is offline.
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This API can return keys for servers that are offline by using cached responses
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taken from when the server was online. Keys can be queried from multiple
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servers to mitigate against DNS spoofing.
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{{keys_query_ss_http_api}}
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Version 1
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+++++++++
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.. WARNING::
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Version 1 of key distribution is obsolete.
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++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
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Homeservers publish their TLS certificates and signing keys in a JSON object
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at ``/_matrix/key/v1``.
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Servers may query another server's keys through a notary server. The notary
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server may be another homeserver. The notary server will retrieve keys from
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the queried servers through use of the ``/_matrix/key/v2/server/{keyId}``
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API. The notary server will additionally sign the response from the queried
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server before returning the results.
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==================== =================== ======================================
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Key Type Description
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==================== =================== ======================================
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``server_name`` String DNS name of the homeserver.
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``verify_keys`` Object Public keys of the homeserver for
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verifying digital signatures.
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``signatures`` Object Digital signatures for this object
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signed using the ``verify_keys``.
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``tls_certificate`` String The X.509 TLS certificate used by this
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this server encoded as `Unpadded Base64`_.
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==================== =================== ======================================
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.. code:: json
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Notary servers can return keys for servers that are offline or having issues
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serving their own keys by using cached responses. Keys can be queried from
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multiple servers to mitigate against DNS spoofing.
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{
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"server_name": "example.org",
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"signatures": {
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"example.org": {
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"ed25519:auto": "Base+64+Encoded+Signature"
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}
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},
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"tls_certificate": "Base+64+Encoded+DER+Encoded+X509+TLS+Certificate",
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"verify_keys": {
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"ed25519:auto": "Base+64+Encoded+Signature+Verification+Key"
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}
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}
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{{keys_query_ss_http_api}}
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When fetching the keys for a server the client should check that the TLS
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certificate in the JSON matches the TLS server certificate for the connection
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and should check that the JSON signatures are correct for the supplied
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``verify_keys``.
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Transactions
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------------
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@ -242,41 +164,7 @@ of Transaction messages, which are encoded as JSON objects, passed over an HTTP
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PUT request. A Transaction is meaningful only to the pair of homeservers that
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exchanged it; they are not globally-meaningful.
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Each transaction has:
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- An opaque transaction ID, unique among transactions from the same origin.
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- A timestamp (UNIX epoch time in milliseconds) generated by its origin
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server.
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- An origin and destination server name.
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- A list of PDUs and EDUs - the actual message payload that the Transaction
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carries.
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Transaction Fields
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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==================== =================== ======================================
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Key Type Description
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==================== =================== ======================================
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``origin`` String **Required**. ``server_name`` of homeserver sending
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this transaction.
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``origin_server_ts`` Integer **Required**. Timestamp in milliseconds on
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originating homeserver when this
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transaction started.
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``pdus`` List of Objects **Required**. List of persistent updates to rooms.
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``edus`` List of Objects List of ephemeral messages. May be omitted
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if there are no ephemeral messages to
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be sent.
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==================== =================== ======================================
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Example:
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.. code:: json
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{
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"origin_server_ts": 1404835423000,
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"origin": "matrix.org",
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"pdus": [...],
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"edus": [...]
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}
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{{transactions_ss_http_api}}
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PDUs
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----
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@ -681,16 +569,8 @@ All these URLs are name-spaced within a prefix of::
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/_matrix/federation/v1/...
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{{transactions_ss_http_api}}
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{{events_ss_http_api}}
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{{query_general_ss_http_api}}
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{{joins_ss_http_api}}
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Joining Rooms
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-------------
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@ -742,94 +622,34 @@ homeservers, though most in practice will use just two.
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<---------- join response
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The first part of the handshake usually involves using the directory server to
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request the room ID and join candidates. This is covered in more detail on the
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directory server documentation, below. In the case of a new user joining a
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room as a result of a received invite, the joining user's homeserver could
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optimise this step away by picking the origin server of that invite message as
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the join candidate. However, the joining server should be aware that the origin
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server of the invite might since have left the room, so should be prepared to
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fall back on the regular join flow if this optimisation fails.
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request the room ID and join candidates through the |/query/directory|_
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API endpoint. In the case of a new user joining a room as a result of a received
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invite, the joining user's homeserver could optimise this step away by picking
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the origin server of that invite message as the join candidate. However, the
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joining server should be aware that the origin server of the invite might since
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have left the room, so should be prepared to fall back on the regular join flow
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if this optimisation fails.
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Once the joining server has the room ID and the join candidates, it then needs
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to obtain enough information about the room to fill in the required fields of
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the ``m.room.member`` event. It obtains this by selecting a resident from the
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candidate list, and requesting the ``make_join`` endpoint using a ``GET``
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request, specifying the room ID and the user ID of the new member who is
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attempting to join.
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candidate list, and using the ``GET /make_join`` endpoint. The resident server
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will then reply with enough information for the joining server to fill in the
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event.
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The resident server replies to this request with a JSON-encoded object having a
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single key called ``event``; within this is an object whose fields contain some
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of the information that the joining server will need. Despite its name, this
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object is not a full event; notably it does not need to be hashed or signed by
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the resident homeserver. The required fields are:
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======================== ============ =========================================
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Key Type Description
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======================== ============ =========================================
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``type`` String The value ``m.room.member``.
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``auth_events`` List An event-reference list containing the
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authorization events that would allow
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this member to join.
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``content`` Object The event content.
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``depth`` Integer (this field must be present but is
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ignored; it may be 0)
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``origin`` String The name of the resident homeserver.
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``origin_server_ts`` Integer A timestamp added by the resident
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homeserver.
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``prev_events`` List An event-reference list containing the
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immediate predecessor events.
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``room_id`` String The room ID of the room.
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``sender`` String The user ID of the joining member.
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``state_key`` String The user ID of the joining member.
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======================== ============ =========================================
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The ``content`` field itself must be an object, containing:
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======================== ============ =========================================
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Key Type Description
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======================== ============ =========================================
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``membership`` String The value ``join``.
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======================== ============ =========================================
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The joining server now has sufficient information to construct the real join
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event from these protoevent fields. It copies the values of most of them,
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adding (or replacing) the following fields:
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======================== ============ =========================================
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Key Type Description
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======================== ============ =========================================
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``event_id`` String A new event ID specified by the joining
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homeserver.
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``origin`` String The name of the joining homeserver.
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``origin_server_ts`` Integer A timestamp added by the joining
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homeserver.
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======================== ============ =========================================
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This will be a true event, so the joining server should apply the event-signing
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algorithm to it, resulting in the addition of the ``hashes`` and ``signatures``
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fields.
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The joining server is expected to add or replace the ``origin``, ``origin_server_ts``,
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and ``event_id`` on the templated event received by the resident server. This
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event is then signed by the joining server.
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To complete the join handshake, the joining server must now submit this new
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event to an resident homeserver, by using the ``send_join`` endpoint. This is
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invoked using the room ID and the event ID of the new member event.
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event to a resident homeserver, by using the ``PUT /send_join`` endpoint.
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The resident homeserver then accepts this event into the room's event graph,
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and responds to the joining server with the full set of state for the
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newly-joined room. This is returned as a two-element list, whose first element
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is the integer 200, and whose second element is an object which contains the
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following keys:
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newly-joined room. The resident server must also send the event to other servers
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participating in the room.
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======================== ============ =========================================
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Key Type Description
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======================== ============ =========================================
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``auth_chain`` List A list of events giving all of the events
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in the auth chains for the join event and
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the events in ``state``.
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``state`` List A complete list of the prevailing state
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events at the instant just before
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accepting the new ``m.room.member``
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event.
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======================== ============ =========================================
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{{joins_ss_http_api}}
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.. TODO-spec
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- (paul) I don't really understand why the full auth_chain events are given
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@ -865,11 +685,41 @@ the events it is missing.
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{{backfill_ss_http_api}}
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Retriving events
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----------------
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In some circumstances, a homeserver may be missing a particular event or information
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about the room which cannot be easily determined from backfilling. These APIs provide
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homeservers with the option of getting events and the state of the room at a given
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point in the timeline.
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{{events_ss_http_api}}
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Inviting to a room
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------------------
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{{invites_ss_http_api}}
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Leaving Rooms (Rejecting Invites)
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---------------------------------
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Normally homeservers can send appropriate ``m.room.member`` events to have users
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leave the room, or to reject local invites. Remote invites from other homeservers
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do not involve the server in the graph and therefore need another approach to
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reject the invite. Joining the room and promptly leaving is not recommended as
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clients and servers will interpret that as accepting the invite, then leaving the
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room rather than rejecting the invite.
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Similar to the `Joining Rooms`_ handshake, the server which wishes to leave the
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room starts with sending a ``/make_leave`` request to a resident server. In the
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case of rejecting invites, the resident server may be the server which sent the
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invite. After receiving a template event from ``/make_leave``, the leaving server
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signs the event and replaces the ``event_id`` with it's own. This is then sent to
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the resident server via ``/send_leave``. The resident server will then send the
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event to other servers in the room.
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{{leaving_ss_http_api}}
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Third-party invites
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-------------------
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@ -1295,6 +1145,9 @@ that are too long.
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[[TODO(markjh) We might want to allow the server to omit the output of well
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known hash functions like SHA-256 when none of the keys have been redacted]]
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.. |/query/directory| replace:: ``/query/directory``
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.. _/query/directory: #get-matrix-federation-v1-query-directory
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.. _`Invitation storage`: ../identity_service/unstable.html#invitation-storage
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.. _`Identity Service API`: ../identity_service/unstable.html
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.. _`Client-Server API`: ../client_server/unstable.html#m-room-member
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Travis Ralston
6 years ago
committed by