updated guides to avoid connection: local (#44227)

- want they really need is `delegate_to: localhost`
 - also reduced 'local_action' usage in favor of same

docs/docsite/rst/dev_guide/developing_modules_general.rst

@@ -234,7 +234,6 @@ Ansible playbook.
 -  Add the following to the new playbook file::
 
     - name: test my new module
-      connection: local
       hosts: localhost
       tasks:
       - name: run the new module

docs/docsite/rst/scenario_guides/guide_cloudstack.rst

@@ -74,9 +74,9 @@ and fulfill the missing data by either setting ENV variables or tasks params:
     ---
     - name: provision our VMs
       hosts: cloud-vm
-      connection: local
       tasks:
         - name: ensure VMs are created and running
+          delegate_to: localhost
           cs_instance:
             api_key: your api key
             api_secret: your api secret
@@ -111,10 +111,11 @@ By passing the argument ``api_region`` with the CloudStack modules, the region w
 .. code-block:: yaml
 
     - name: ensure my ssh public key exists on Exoscale
-      local_action: cs_sshkeypair
+      cs_sshkeypair:
         name: my-ssh-key
         public_key: "{{ lookup('file', '~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub') }}"
         api_region: exoscale
+      delegate_to: localhost
 
 Or by looping over a regions list if you want to do the task in every region:
 
@@ -144,20 +145,19 @@ Below you see an example how it can be used in combination with Ansible's block
       tasks:
         - block:
             - name: ensure my ssh public key
-              local_action:
-                module: cs_sshkeypair
+              cs_sshkeypair:
                 name: my-ssh-key
                 public_key: "{{ lookup('file', '~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub') }}"
 
             - name: ensure my ssh public key
-              local_action:
-                module: cs_instance:
+              cs_instance:
                   display_name: "{{ inventory_hostname_short }}"
                   template: Linux Debian 7 64-bit 20GB Disk
                   service_offering: "{{ cs_offering }}"
                   ssh_key: my-ssh-key
                   state: running
 
+          delegate_to: localhost
           environment:
             CLOUDSTACK_DOMAIN: root/customers
             CLOUDSTACK_PROJECT: web-app
@@ -241,28 +241,30 @@ Now to the fun part. We create a playbook to create our infrastructure we call i
     ---
     - name: provision our VMs
       hosts: cloud-vm
-      connection: local
       tasks:
-        - name: ensure VMs are created and running
-          cs_instance:
-            name: "{{ inventory_hostname_short }}"
-            template: Linux Debian 7 64-bit 20GB Disk
-            service_offering: "{{ cs_offering }}"
-            state: running
-
-        - name: ensure firewall ports opened
-          cs_firewall:
-            ip_address: "{{ public_ip }}"
-            port: "{{ item.port }}"
-            cidr: "{{ item.cidr | default('0.0.0.0/0') }}"
-          loop: "{{ cs_firewall }}"
-          when: public_ip is defined
-
-        - name: ensure static NATs
-          cs_staticnat: vm="{{ inventory_hostname_short }}" ip_address="{{ public_ip }}"
-          when: public_ip is defined
-
-In the above play we defined 3 tasks and use the group ``cloud-vm`` as target to handle all VMs in the cloud but instead SSH to these VMs, we use ``connection=local`` to execute the API calls locally from our workstation.
+        - name: run all enclosed tasks from localhost
+          delegate_to: localhost
+          block:
+            - name: ensure VMs are created and running
+              cs_instance:
+                name: "{{ inventory_hostname_short }}"
+                template: Linux Debian 7 64-bit 20GB Disk
+                service_offering: "{{ cs_offering }}"
+                state: running
+
+            - name: ensure firewall ports opened
+              cs_firewall:
+                ip_address: "{{ public_ip }}"
+                port: "{{ item.port }}"
+                cidr: "{{ item.cidr | default('0.0.0.0/0') }}"
+              loop: "{{ cs_firewall }}"
+              when: public_ip is defined
+
+            - name: ensure static NATs
+              cs_staticnat: vm="{{ inventory_hostname_short }}" ip_address="{{ public_ip }}"
+              when: public_ip is defined
+
+In the above play we defined 3 tasks and use the group ``cloud-vm`` as target to handle all VMs in the cloud but instead SSH to these VMs, we use ``delegate_to: localhost`` to execute the API calls locally from our workstation.
 
 In the first task, we ensure we have a running VM created with the Debian template. If the VM is already created but stopped, it would just start it. If you like to change the offering on an existing VM, you must add ``force: yes`` to the task, which would stop the VM, change the offering and start the VM again.
 
@@ -316,7 +318,6 @@ The playbook looks like the following:
     ---
     - name: cloud base setup
       hosts: localhost
-      connection: local
       tasks:
       - name: upload ssh public key
         cs_sshkeypair:
@@ -349,26 +350,27 @@ The playbook looks like the following:
 
     - name: install VMs in the cloud
       hosts: cloud-vm
-      connection: local
       tasks:
-      - name: create and run VMs on CloudStack
-        cs_instance:
-          name: "{{ inventory_hostname_short }}"
-          template: Linux Debian 7 64-bit 20GB Disk
-          service_offering: "{{ cs_offering }}"
-          security_groups: "{{ cs_securitygroups }}"
-          ssh_key: defaultkey
-          state: Running
-        register: vm
-
-      - name: show VM IP
-        debug: msg="VM {{ inventory_hostname }} {{ vm.default_ip }}"
-
-      - name: assign IP to the inventory
-        set_fact: ansible_ssh_host={{ vm.default_ip }}
-
-      - name: waiting for SSH to come up
-        wait_for: port=22 host={{ vm.default_ip }} delay=5
+      - delegate_to: localhost
+        block:
+        - name: create and run VMs on CloudStack
+          cs_instance:
+            name: "{{ inventory_hostname_short }}"
+            template: Linux Debian 7 64-bit 20GB Disk
+            service_offering: "{{ cs_offering }}"
+            security_groups: "{{ cs_securitygroups }}"
+            ssh_key: defaultkey
+            state: Running
+          register: vm
+
+        - name: show VM IP
+          debug: msg="VM {{ inventory_hostname }} {{ vm.default_ip }}"
+
+        - name: assign IP to the inventory
+          set_fact: ansible_ssh_host={{ vm.default_ip }}
+
+        - name: waiting for SSH to come up
+          wait_for: port=22 host={{ vm.default_ip }} delay=5
 
 In the first play we setup the security groups, in the second play the VMs will created be assigned to these groups. Further you see, that we assign the public IP returned from the modules to the host inventory. This is needed as we do not know the IPs we will get in advance. In a next step you would configure the DNS servers with these IPs for accessing the VMs with their DNS name.
 

docs/docsite/rst/scenario_guides/guide_docker.rst

@@ -177,9 +177,8 @@ examples to get you started:
 
     # Simple playbook to invoke with the above example:
 
-        - name: Test docker_inventory
+        - name: Test docker_inventory, this will not connect to any hosts
           hosts: all
-          connection: local
           gather_facts: no
           tasks:
             - debug: msg="Container - {{ inventory_hostname }}"

docs/docsite/rst/scenario_guides/guide_rax.rst

@@ -24,20 +24,21 @@ package repositories, so you will likely need to install it via pip:
 
     $ pip install pyrax
 
-The following steps will often execute from the control machine against the Rackspace Cloud API, so it makes sense 
-to add localhost to the inventory file.  (Ansible may not require this manual step in the future):
+Ansible creates an implicit localhost that executes in the same context as the ``ansible-playbook`` and the other CLI tools.
+If for any reason you need or want to have it in your inventory you should do something like the following:
 
 .. code-block:: ini
 
     [localhost]
-    localhost ansible_connection=local
+    localhost ansible_connection=local ansilbe_python_interpreter=/usr/local/bin/python2
+
+For more information see :ref:`Implicit Localhost <implicit_localhost>`
 
 In playbook steps, we'll typically be using the following pattern:
 
 .. code-block:: yaml
 
     - hosts: localhost
-      connection: local
       gather_facts: False
       tasks:
 
@@ -103,7 +104,7 @@ Here is a basic example of provisioning an instance in ad-hoc mode:
 
 .. code-block:: bash
 
-    $ ansible localhost -m rax -a "name=awx flavor=4 image=ubuntu-1204-lts-precise-pangolin wait=yes" -c local
+    $ ansible localhost -m rax -a "name=awx flavor=4 image=ubuntu-1204-lts-precise-pangolin wait=yes"
 
 Here's what it would look like in a playbook, assuming the parameters were defined in variables:
 
@@ -111,8 +112,7 @@ Here's what it would look like in a playbook, assuming the parameters were defin
 
     tasks:
       - name: Provision a set of instances
-        local_action:
-            module: rax
+        rax:
             name: "{{ rax_name }}"
             flavor: "{{ rax_flavor }}"
             image: "{{ rax_image }}"
@@ -120,14 +120,14 @@ Here's what it would look like in a playbook, assuming the parameters were defin
             group: "{{ group }}"
             wait: yes
         register: rax
+        delegate_to: localhost
 
 The rax module returns data about the nodes it creates, like IP addresses, hostnames, and login passwords.  By registering the return value of the step, it is possible used this data to dynamically add the resulting hosts to inventory (temporarily, in memory). This facilitates performing configuration actions on the hosts in a follow-on task.  In the following example, the servers that were successfully created using the above task are dynamically added to a group called "raxhosts", with each nodes hostname, IP address, and root password being added to the inventory.
 
 .. code-block:: yaml
 
     - name: Add the instances we created (by public IP) to the group 'raxhosts'
-      local_action:
-          module: add_host 
+      add_host:
           hostname: "{{ item.name }}"
           ansible_host: "{{ item.rax_accessipv4 }}"
           ansible_ssh_pass: "{{ item.rax_adminpass }}"
@@ -303,11 +303,11 @@ This can be achieved with the ``rax_facts`` module and an inventory file similar
       gather_facts: False
       tasks:
         - name: Get facts about servers
-          local_action:
-            module: rax_facts
+          rax_facts:
             credentials: ~/.raxpub
             name: "{{ inventory_hostname }}"
             region: "{{ rax_region }}"
+          delegate_to: localhost
         - name: Map some facts
           set_fact:
             ansible_host: "{{ rax_accessipv4 }}"
@@ -418,21 +418,19 @@ Create an isolated cloud network and build a server
 
     - name: Build Servers on an Isolated Network
       hosts: localhost
-      connection: local
       gather_facts: False
       tasks:
         - name: Network create request
-          local_action:
-            module: rax_network
+          rax_network:
             credentials: ~/.raxpub
             label: my-net
             cidr: 192.168.3.0/24
             region: IAD
             state: present
+          delegate_to: localhost
 
         - name: Server create request
-          local_action:
-            module: rax
+          rax:
             credentials: ~/.raxpub
             name: web%04d.example.org
             flavor: 2
@@ -449,6 +447,7 @@ Create an isolated cloud network and build a server
             wait: yes
             wait_timeout: 360
           register: rax
+          delegate_to: localhost
 
 .. _complete_environment:
 
@@ -462,12 +461,10 @@ Build a complete webserver environment with servers, custom networks and load ba
     ---
     - name: Build environment
       hosts: localhost
-      connection: local
       gather_facts: False
       tasks:
         - name: Load Balancer create request
-          local_action:
-            module: rax_clb
+          rax_clb:
             credentials: ~/.raxpub
             name: my-lb
             port: 80
@@ -483,8 +480,7 @@ Build a complete webserver environment with servers, custom networks and load ba
           register: clb
 
         - name: Network create request
-          local_action:
-            module: rax_network
+          rax_network:
             credentials: ~/.raxpub
             label: my-net
             cidr: 192.168.3.0/24
@@ -493,8 +489,7 @@ Build a complete webserver environment with servers, custom networks and load ba
           register: network
 
         - name: Server create request
-          local_action:
-            module: rax
+          rax:
             credentials: ~/.raxpub
             name: web%04d.example.org
             flavor: performance1-1
@@ -513,8 +508,7 @@ Build a complete webserver environment with servers, custom networks and load ba
           register: rax
 
         - name: Add servers to web host group
-          local_action:
-            module: add_host
+          add_host:
             hostname: "{{ item.name }}"
             ansible_host: "{{ item.rax_accessipv4 }}"
             ansible_ssh_pass: "{{ item.rax_adminpass }}"
@@ -524,8 +518,7 @@ Build a complete webserver environment with servers, custom networks and load ba
           when: rax.action == 'create'
 
         - name: Add servers to Load balancer
-          local_action:
-            module: rax_clb_nodes
+          rax_clb_nodes:
             credentials: ~/.raxpub
             load_balancer_id: "{{ clb.balancer.id }}"
             address: "{{ item.rax_networks.private|first }}"
@@ -578,12 +571,10 @@ Using a Control Machine
 
     - name: Create an exact count of servers
       hosts: localhost
-      connection: local
       gather_facts: False
       tasks:
         - name: Server build requests
-          local_action:
-            module: rax
+          rax:
             credentials: ~/.raxpub
             name: web%03d.example.org
             flavor: performance1-1
@@ -598,8 +589,7 @@ Using a Control Machine
           register: rax
 
         - name: Add servers to in memory groups
-          local_action:
-            module: add_host
+          add_host:
             hostname: "{{ item.name }}"
             ansible_host: "{{ item.rax_accessipv4 }}"
             ansible_ssh_pass: "{{ item.rax_adminpass }}"
@@ -613,37 +603,38 @@ Using a Control Machine
       hosts: new_web
       gather_facts: false
       tasks:
-        - name: Wait for rackconnnect automation to complete
-          local_action:
-            module: rax_facts
-            credentials: ~/.raxpub
-            id: "{{ rax_id }}"
-            region: DFW
-          register: rax_facts
-          until: rax_facts.ansible_facts['rax_metadata']['rackconnect_automation_status']|default('') == 'DEPLOYED'
-          retries: 30
-          delay: 10
-    
-        - name: Wait for managed cloud automation to complete
-          local_action:
-            module: rax_facts
-            credentials: ~/.raxpub
-            id: "{{ rax_id }}"
-            region: DFW
-          register: rax_facts
-          until: rax_facts.ansible_facts['rax_metadata']['rax_service_level_automation']|default('') == 'Complete'
-          retries: 30
-          delay: 10
+        - name: ensure we run all tasks from localhost
+          delegate_to: localhost
+          block:
+            - name: Wait for rackconnnect automation to complete
+              rax_facts:
+                credentials: ~/.raxpub
+                id: "{{ rax_id }}"
+                region: DFW
+              register: rax_facts
+              until: rax_facts.ansible_facts['rax_metadata']['rackconnect_automation_status']|default('') == 'DEPLOYED'
+              retries: 30
+              delay: 10
+
+            - name: Wait for managed cloud automation to complete
+              rax_facts:
+                credentials: ~/.raxpub
+                id: "{{ rax_id }}"
+                region: DFW
+              register: rax_facts
+              until: rax_facts.ansible_facts['rax_metadata']['rax_service_level_automation']|default('') == 'Complete'
+              retries: 30
+              delay: 10
 
     - name: Update new_web hosts with IP that RackConnect assigns
       hosts: new_web
       gather_facts: false
       tasks:
         - name: Get facts about servers
-          local_action:
-            module: rax_facts
+          rax_facts:
             name: "{{ inventory_hostname }}"
             region: DFW
+          delegate_to: localhost
         - name: Map some facts
           set_fact:
             ansible_host: "{{ rax_accessipv4 }}"
@@ -668,45 +659,46 @@ Using Ansible Pull
     ---
     - name: Ensure Rackconnect and Managed Cloud Automation is complete
       hosts: all
-      connection: local
       tasks:
-        - name: Check for completed bootstrap
-          stat:
-            path: /etc/bootstrap_complete
-          register: bootstrap
-    
-        - name: Get region
-          command: xenstore-read vm-data/provider_data/region
-          register: rax_region
-          when: bootstrap.stat.exists != True
-    
-        - name: Wait for rackconnect automation to complete
-          uri:
-            url: "https://{{ rax_region.stdout|trim }}.api.rackconnect.rackspace.com/v1/automation_status?format=json"
-            return_content: yes
-          register: automation_status
-          when: bootstrap.stat.exists != True
-          until: automation_status['automation_status']|default('') == 'DEPLOYED'
-          retries: 30
-          delay: 10
-    
-        - name: Wait for managed cloud automation to complete
-          wait_for:
-            path: /tmp/rs_managed_cloud_automation_complete
-            delay: 10
-          when: bootstrap.stat.exists != True
-    
-        - name: Set bootstrap completed
-          file:
-            path: /etc/bootstrap_complete
-            state: touch
-            owner: root
-            group: root
-            mode: 0400
+        - name: ensure we run all tasks from localhost
+          delegate_to: localhost
+          block:
+            - name: Check for completed bootstrap
+              stat:
+                path: /etc/bootstrap_complete
+              register: bootstrap
+
+            - name: Get region
+              command: xenstore-read vm-data/provider_data/region
+              register: rax_region
+              when: bootstrap.stat.exists != True
+
+            - name: Wait for rackconnect automation to complete
+              uri:
+                url: "https://{{ rax_region.stdout|trim }}.api.rackconnect.rackspace.com/v1/automation_status?format=json"
+                return_content: yes
+              register: automation_status
+              when: bootstrap.stat.exists != True
+              until: automation_status['automation_status']|default('') == 'DEPLOYED'
+              retries: 30
+              delay: 10
+
+            - name: Wait for managed cloud automation to complete
+              wait_for:
+                path: /tmp/rs_managed_cloud_automation_complete
+                delay: 10
+              when: bootstrap.stat.exists != True
+
+            - name: Set bootstrap completed
+              file:
+                path: /etc/bootstrap_complete
+                state: touch
+                owner: root
+                group: root
+                mode: 0400
 
     - name: Base Configure Servers
       hosts: all
-      connection: local
       roles:
         - role: users
 
@@ -725,7 +717,6 @@ Using Ansible Pull with XenStore
     ---
     - name: Ensure Rackconnect and Managed Cloud Automation is complete
       hosts: all
-      connection: local
       tasks:
         - name: Check for completed bootstrap
           stat:
@@ -776,7 +767,6 @@ Using Ansible Pull with XenStore
 
     - name: Base Configure Servers
       hosts: all
-      connection: local
       roles:
         - role: users
 

docs/docsite/rst/vmware/scenario_clone_template.rst

@@ -70,7 +70,6 @@ In this use case / example, we will be selecting a virtual machine template and
     ---
     - name: Create a VM from a template
       hosts: localhost
-      connection: local
       gather_facts: no
       tasks:
       - name: Clone the template