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vmware: Add docs for filters (#71670)
Add a scenario guide for filters in VMware documentation Signed-off-by: Abhijeet Kasurde <akasurde@redhat.com>pull/71770/head
Abhijeet Kasurde
4 years ago
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.. _vmware_ansible_inventory_using_filters:
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***********************************************
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Using VMware dynamic inventory plugin - Filters
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***********************************************
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.. contents::
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:local:
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VMware dynamic inventory plugin - filtering VMware guests
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=========================================================
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VMware inventory plugin allows you to filter VMware guests using the ``filters`` configuration parameter.
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This section shows how you configure ``filters`` for the given VMware guest in the inventory.
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Requirements
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------------
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To use the VMware dynamic inventory plugins, you must install `pyVmomi <https://github.com/vmware/pyvmomi>`_
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on your control node (the host running Ansible).
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To include tag-related information for the virtual machines in your dynamic inventory, you also need the `vSphere Automation SDK <https://code.vmware.com/web/sdk/65/vsphere-automation-python>`_, which supports REST API features such as tagging and content libraries, on your control node.
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You can install the ``vSphere Automation SDK`` following `these instructions <https://github.com/vmware/vsphere-automation-sdk-python#installing-required-python-packages>`_.
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.. code-block:: bash
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$ pip install pyvmomi
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Starting in Ansible 2.10, the VMware dynamic inventory plugin is available in the ``community.vmware`` collection included Ansible.
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Alternately, to install the latest ``community.vmware`` collection:
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.. code-block:: bash
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$ ansible-galaxy collection install community.vmware
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To use this VMware dynamic inventory plugin:
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1. Enable it first by specifying the following in the ``ansible.cfg`` file:
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.. code-block:: ini
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[inventory]
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enable_plugins = community.vmware.vmware_vm_inventory
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2. Create a file that ends in ``vmware.yml`` or ``vmware.yaml`` in your working directory.
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The ``vmware_vm_inventory`` inventory plugin takes in the same authentication information as any other VMware modules does.
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Let us assume we want to list all RHEL7 VMs with the power state as "poweredOn". A valid inventory file with filters for the given VMware guest looks as follows:
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.. code-block:: yaml
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plugin: community.vmware.vmware_vm_inventory
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strict: False
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hostname: 10.65.223.31
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username: administrator@vsphere.local
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password: Esxi@123$%
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validate_certs: False
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with_tags: False
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hostnames:
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- config.name
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filters:
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- config.guestId == "rhel7_64Guest"
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- summary.runtime.powerState == "poweredOn"
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Here, we have configured two filters -
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* ``config.guestId`` is equal to ``rhel7_64Guest``
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* ``summary.runtime.powerState`` is equal to ``poweredOn``
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This retrieves all the VMs which satisfy these two conditions and populates them in the inventory.
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Notice that the conditions are combined using an ``and`` operation.
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Using ``or`` conditions in filters
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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Let us assume you want filter RHEL7 and Ubuntu VMs. You can use multiple filters using ``or`` condition in your inventory file.
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A valid filter in the VMware inventory file for this example is:
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.. code-block:: yaml
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plugin: community.vmware.vmware_vm_inventory
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strict: False
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hostname: 10.65.223.31
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username: administrator@vsphere.local
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password: Esxi@123$%
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validate_certs: False
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with_tags: False
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hostnames:
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- config.name
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filters:
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- config.guestId == "rhel7_64Guest" or config.guestId == "ubuntu64Guest"
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You can check all allowed properties for filters for the given virtual machine at :ref:`vmware_inventory_vm_attributes`.
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If you are using the ``properties`` parameter with custom VM properties, make sure that you include all the properties used by filters as well in your VM property list.
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For example, if we want all RHEL7 and Ubuntu VMs that are poweredOn, you can use inventory file:
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.. code-block:: yaml
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plugin: community.vmware.vmware_vm_inventory
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strict: False
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hostname: 10.65.223.31
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username: administrator@vsphere.local
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password: Esxi@123$%
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validate_certs: False
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with_tags: False
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hostnames:
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- 'config.name'
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properties:
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- 'config.name'
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- 'config.guestId'
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- 'guest.ipAddress'
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- 'summary.runtime.powerState'
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filters:
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- config.guestId == "rhel7_64Guest" or config.guestId == "ubuntu64Guest"
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- summary.runtime.powerState == "poweredOn"
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Here, we are using minimum VM properties, that is ``config.name``, ``config.guestId``, ``summary.runtime.powerState``, and ``guest.ipAddress``.
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* ``config.name`` is used by the ``hostnames`` parameter.
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* ``config.guestId`` and ``summary.runtime.powerState`` are used by the ``filters`` parameter.
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* ``guest.guestId`` is used by ``ansible_host`` internally by the inventory plugin.
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Using regular expression in filters
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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Let us assume you want filter VMs with specific IP range. You can use regular expression in ``filters`` in your inventory file.
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For example, if we want all RHEL7 and Ubuntu VMs that are poweredOn, you can use inventory file:
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.. code-block:: yaml
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plugin: community.vmware.vmware_vm_inventory
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strict: False
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hostname: 10.65.223.31
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username: administrator@vsphere.local
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password: Esxi@123$%
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validate_certs: False
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with_tags: False
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hostnames:
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- 'config.name'
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properties:
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- 'config.name'
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- 'config.guestId'
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- 'guest.ipAddress'
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- 'summary.runtime.powerState'
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filters:
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- guest.ipAddress is defined and guest.ipAddress is match('192.168.*')
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Here, we are using ``guest.ipAddress`` VM property. This property is optional and depended upon VMware tools installed on VMs.
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We are using ``match`` to validate the regular expression for the given IP range.
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Executing ``ansible-inventory --list -i <filename>.vmware.yml`` creates a list of the virtual machines that are ready to be configured using Ansible.
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What to expect
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--------------
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You will notice that the inventory hosts are filtered depending on your ``filters`` section.
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.. code-block:: yaml
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{
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"_meta": {
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"hostvars": {
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"template_001": {
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"config.name": "template_001",
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"config.guestId": "ubuntu64Guest",
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...
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"guest.toolsStatus": "toolsNotInstalled",
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"summary.runtime.powerState": "poweredOn",
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},
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"vm_8046": {
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"config.name": "vm_8046",
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"config.guestId": "rhel7_64Guest",
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...
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"guest.toolsStatus": "toolsNotInstalled",
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"summary.runtime.powerState": "poweredOn",
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},
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...
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}
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Troubleshooting filters
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-----------------------
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If the custom property specified in ``filters`` fails:
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- Check if the values provided for username and password are correct.
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- Make sure it is a valid property, see :ref:`vmware_inventory_vm_attributes`.
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- Use ``strict: True`` to get more information about the error.
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- Please make sure that you are using latest version of the VMware collection.
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.. seealso::
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`pyVmomi <https://github.com/vmware/pyvmomi>`_
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The GitHub Page of pyVmomi
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`pyVmomi Issue Tracker <https://github.com/vmware/pyvmomi/issues>`_
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The issue tracker for the pyVmomi project
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`vSphere Automation SDK GitHub Page <https://github.com/vmware/vsphere-automation-sdk-python>`_
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The GitHub Page of vSphere Automation SDK for Python
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`vSphere Automation SDK Issue Tracker <https://github.com/vmware/vsphere-automation-sdk-python/issues>`_
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The issue tracker for vSphere Automation SDK for Python
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:ref:`vmware_inventory_vm_attributes`
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Using Virtual machine attributes in VMware dynamic inventory plugin
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:ref:`working_with_playbooks`
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An introduction to playbooks
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:ref:`playbooks_vault`
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Using Vault in playbooks
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