cron: return stdout and rc for cron command (#83290)

Co-authored-by: Jack Farzan <jfarzan@adobe.com>

changelogs/fragments/cron_err.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+---
+minor_changes:
+  - cron - Provide additional error information while writing cron file (https://github.com/ansible/ansible/issues/83223).

lib/ansible/modules/cron.py

@@ -328,7 +328,7 @@ class CronTab(object):
             os.unlink(path)
 
             if rc != 0:
-                self.module.fail_json(msg=err)
+                self.module.fail_json(msg=f"Failed to install new cronfile: {path}", stderr=err, stdout=out, rc=rc)
 
         # set SELinux permissions
         if self.module.selinux_enabled() and self.cron_file: