Merge branch 'yt-dlp:master' into pr/9894

2 weeks ago · 709fa17030
parent 311dc3d438 c699bafc50
commit 709fa17030
1036 changed files with 24574 additions and 15091 deletions
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/1_broken_site.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/1_broken_site.yml
@ -63,17 +63,26 @@ body:
      placeholder: |
        [debug] Command-line config: ['-vU', 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc']
        [debug] Encodings: locale cp65001, fs utf-8, pref cp65001, out utf-8, error utf-8, screen utf-8
-        [debug] yt-dlp version nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp [b634ba742] (win_exe)
-        [debug] Python 3.8.10 (CPython 64bit) - Windows-10-10.0.22000-SP0
-        [debug] exe versions: ffmpeg N-106550-g072101bd52-20220410 (fdk,setts), ffprobe N-106624-g391ce570c8-20220415, phantomjs 2.1.1
-        [debug] Optional libraries: Cryptodome-3.15.0, brotli-1.0.9, certifi-2022.06.15, mutagen-1.45.1, sqlite3-2.6.0, websockets-10.3
+        [debug] yt-dlp version nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds [1a176d874] (win_exe)
+        [debug] Python 3.10.11 (CPython AMD64 64bit) - Windows-10-10.0.20348-SP0 (OpenSSL 1.1.1t  7 Feb 2023)
+        [debug] exe versions: ffmpeg 7.0.2 (setts), ffprobe 7.0.2
+        [debug] Optional libraries: Cryptodome-3.21.0, brotli-1.1.0, certifi-2024.08.30, curl_cffi-0.5.10, mutagen-1.47.0, requests-2.32.3, sqlite3-3.40.1, urllib3-2.2.3, websockets-13.1
        [debug] Proxy map: {}
-        [debug] Request Handlers: urllib, requests
-        [debug] Loaded 1893 extractors
-        [debug] Fetching release info: https://api.github.com/repos/yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds/releases/latest
+        [debug] Request Handlers: urllib, requests, websockets, curl_cffi
+        [debug] Loaded 1838 extractors
+        [debug] Fetching release info: https://api.github.com/repos/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest
+        Latest version: nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds
        yt-dlp is up to date (nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds)
        [youtube] Extracting URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc
        <more lines>
      render: shell
    validations:
      required: true
+  - type: markdown
+    attributes:
+      value: |
+        > [!CAUTION]
+        > ### GitHub is experiencing a high volume of malicious spam comments.
+        > ### If you receive any replies asking you download a file, do NOT follow the download links!
+        >
+        > Note that this issue may be temporarily locked as an anti-spam measure after it is opened.
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/2_site_support_request.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/2_site_support_request.yml
@ -75,17 +75,26 @@ body:
      placeholder: |
        [debug] Command-line config: ['-vU', 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc']
        [debug] Encodings: locale cp65001, fs utf-8, pref cp65001, out utf-8, error utf-8, screen utf-8
-        [debug] yt-dlp version nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp [b634ba742] (win_exe)
-        [debug] Python 3.8.10 (CPython 64bit) - Windows-10-10.0.22000-SP0
-        [debug] exe versions: ffmpeg N-106550-g072101bd52-20220410 (fdk,setts), ffprobe N-106624-g391ce570c8-20220415, phantomjs 2.1.1
-        [debug] Optional libraries: Cryptodome-3.15.0, brotli-1.0.9, certifi-2022.06.15, mutagen-1.45.1, sqlite3-2.6.0, websockets-10.3
+        [debug] yt-dlp version nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds [1a176d874] (win_exe)
+        [debug] Python 3.10.11 (CPython AMD64 64bit) - Windows-10-10.0.20348-SP0 (OpenSSL 1.1.1t  7 Feb 2023)
+        [debug] exe versions: ffmpeg 7.0.2 (setts), ffprobe 7.0.2
+        [debug] Optional libraries: Cryptodome-3.21.0, brotli-1.1.0, certifi-2024.08.30, curl_cffi-0.5.10, mutagen-1.47.0, requests-2.32.3, sqlite3-3.40.1, urllib3-2.2.3, websockets-13.1
        [debug] Proxy map: {}
-        [debug] Request Handlers: urllib, requests
-        [debug] Loaded 1893 extractors
-        [debug] Fetching release info: https://api.github.com/repos/yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds/releases/latest
+        [debug] Request Handlers: urllib, requests, websockets, curl_cffi
+        [debug] Loaded 1838 extractors
+        [debug] Fetching release info: https://api.github.com/repos/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest
+        Latest version: nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds
        yt-dlp is up to date (nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds)
        [youtube] Extracting URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc
        <more lines>
      render: shell
    validations:
      required: true
+  - type: markdown
+    attributes:
+      value: |
+        > [!CAUTION]
+        > ### GitHub is experiencing a high volume of malicious spam comments.
+        > ### If you receive any replies asking you download a file, do NOT follow the download links!
+        >
+        > Note that this issue may be temporarily locked as an anti-spam measure after it is opened.
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/3_site_feature_request.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/3_site_feature_request.yml
@ -71,17 +71,26 @@ body:
      placeholder: |
        [debug] Command-line config: ['-vU', 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc']
        [debug] Encodings: locale cp65001, fs utf-8, pref cp65001, out utf-8, error utf-8, screen utf-8
-        [debug] yt-dlp version nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp [b634ba742] (win_exe)
-        [debug] Python 3.8.10 (CPython 64bit) - Windows-10-10.0.22000-SP0
-        [debug] exe versions: ffmpeg N-106550-g072101bd52-20220410 (fdk,setts), ffprobe N-106624-g391ce570c8-20220415, phantomjs 2.1.1
-        [debug] Optional libraries: Cryptodome-3.15.0, brotli-1.0.9, certifi-2022.06.15, mutagen-1.45.1, sqlite3-2.6.0, websockets-10.3
+        [debug] yt-dlp version nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds [1a176d874] (win_exe)
+        [debug] Python 3.10.11 (CPython AMD64 64bit) - Windows-10-10.0.20348-SP0 (OpenSSL 1.1.1t  7 Feb 2023)
+        [debug] exe versions: ffmpeg 7.0.2 (setts), ffprobe 7.0.2
+        [debug] Optional libraries: Cryptodome-3.21.0, brotli-1.1.0, certifi-2024.08.30, curl_cffi-0.5.10, mutagen-1.47.0, requests-2.32.3, sqlite3-3.40.1, urllib3-2.2.3, websockets-13.1
        [debug] Proxy map: {}
-        [debug] Request Handlers: urllib, requests
-        [debug] Loaded 1893 extractors
-        [debug] Fetching release info: https://api.github.com/repos/yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds/releases/latest
+        [debug] Request Handlers: urllib, requests, websockets, curl_cffi
+        [debug] Loaded 1838 extractors
+        [debug] Fetching release info: https://api.github.com/repos/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest
+        Latest version: nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds
        yt-dlp is up to date (nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds)
        [youtube] Extracting URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc
        <more lines>
      render: shell
    validations:
      required: true
+  - type: markdown
+    attributes:
+      value: |
+        > [!CAUTION]
+        > ### GitHub is experiencing a high volume of malicious spam comments.
+        > ### If you receive any replies asking you download a file, do NOT follow the download links!
+        >
+        > Note that this issue may be temporarily locked as an anti-spam measure after it is opened.
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/4_bug_report.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/4_bug_report.yml
@ -56,17 +56,26 @@ body:
      placeholder: |
        [debug] Command-line config: ['-vU', 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc']
        [debug] Encodings: locale cp65001, fs utf-8, pref cp65001, out utf-8, error utf-8, screen utf-8
-        [debug] yt-dlp version nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp [b634ba742] (win_exe)
-        [debug] Python 3.8.10 (CPython 64bit) - Windows-10-10.0.22000-SP0
-        [debug] exe versions: ffmpeg N-106550-g072101bd52-20220410 (fdk,setts), ffprobe N-106624-g391ce570c8-20220415, phantomjs 2.1.1
-        [debug] Optional libraries: Cryptodome-3.15.0, brotli-1.0.9, certifi-2022.06.15, mutagen-1.45.1, sqlite3-2.6.0, websockets-10.3
+        [debug] yt-dlp version nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds [1a176d874] (win_exe)
+        [debug] Python 3.10.11 (CPython AMD64 64bit) - Windows-10-10.0.20348-SP0 (OpenSSL 1.1.1t  7 Feb 2023)
+        [debug] exe versions: ffmpeg 7.0.2 (setts), ffprobe 7.0.2
+        [debug] Optional libraries: Cryptodome-3.21.0, brotli-1.1.0, certifi-2024.08.30, curl_cffi-0.5.10, mutagen-1.47.0, requests-2.32.3, sqlite3-3.40.1, urllib3-2.2.3, websockets-13.1
        [debug] Proxy map: {}
-        [debug] Request Handlers: urllib, requests
-        [debug] Loaded 1893 extractors
-        [debug] Fetching release info: https://api.github.com/repos/yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds/releases/latest
+        [debug] Request Handlers: urllib, requests, websockets, curl_cffi
+        [debug] Loaded 1838 extractors
+        [debug] Fetching release info: https://api.github.com/repos/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest
+        Latest version: nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds
        yt-dlp is up to date (nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds)
        [youtube] Extracting URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc
        <more lines>
      render: shell
    validations:
      required: true
+  - type: markdown
+    attributes:
+      value: |
+        > [!CAUTION]
+        > ### GitHub is experiencing a high volume of malicious spam comments.
+        > ### If you receive any replies asking you download a file, do NOT follow the download links!
+        >
+        > Note that this issue may be temporarily locked as an anti-spam measure after it is opened.
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/5_feature_request.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/5_feature_request.yml
@ -52,15 +52,24 @@ body:
      placeholder: |
        [debug] Command-line config: ['-vU', 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc']
        [debug] Encodings: locale cp65001, fs utf-8, pref cp65001, out utf-8, error utf-8, screen utf-8
-        [debug] yt-dlp version nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp [b634ba742] (win_exe)
-        [debug] Python 3.8.10 (CPython 64bit) - Windows-10-10.0.22000-SP0
-        [debug] exe versions: ffmpeg N-106550-g072101bd52-20220410 (fdk,setts), ffprobe N-106624-g391ce570c8-20220415, phantomjs 2.1.1
-        [debug] Optional libraries: Cryptodome-3.15.0, brotli-1.0.9, certifi-2022.06.15, mutagen-1.45.1, sqlite3-2.6.0, websockets-10.3
+        [debug] yt-dlp version nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds [1a176d874] (win_exe)
+        [debug] Python 3.10.11 (CPython AMD64 64bit) - Windows-10-10.0.20348-SP0 (OpenSSL 1.1.1t  7 Feb 2023)
+        [debug] exe versions: ffmpeg 7.0.2 (setts), ffprobe 7.0.2
+        [debug] Optional libraries: Cryptodome-3.21.0, brotli-1.1.0, certifi-2024.08.30, curl_cffi-0.5.10, mutagen-1.47.0, requests-2.32.3, sqlite3-3.40.1, urllib3-2.2.3, websockets-13.1
        [debug] Proxy map: {}
-        [debug] Request Handlers: urllib, requests
-        [debug] Loaded 1893 extractors
-        [debug] Fetching release info: https://api.github.com/repos/yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds/releases/latest
+        [debug] Request Handlers: urllib, requests, websockets, curl_cffi
+        [debug] Loaded 1838 extractors
+        [debug] Fetching release info: https://api.github.com/repos/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest
+        Latest version: nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds
        yt-dlp is up to date (nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds)
        [youtube] Extracting URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc
        <more lines>
      render: shell
+  - type: markdown
+    attributes:
+      value: |
+        > [!CAUTION]
+        > ### GitHub is experiencing a high volume of malicious spam comments.
+        > ### If you receive any replies asking you download a file, do NOT follow the download links!
+        >
+        > Note that this issue may be temporarily locked as an anti-spam measure after it is opened.
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/6_question.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/6_question.yml
@ -58,15 +58,24 @@ body:
      placeholder: |
        [debug] Command-line config: ['-vU', 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc']
        [debug] Encodings: locale cp65001, fs utf-8, pref cp65001, out utf-8, error utf-8, screen utf-8
-        [debug] yt-dlp version nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp [b634ba742] (win_exe)
-        [debug] Python 3.8.10 (CPython 64bit) - Windows-10-10.0.22000-SP0
-        [debug] exe versions: ffmpeg N-106550-g072101bd52-20220410 (fdk,setts), ffprobe N-106624-g391ce570c8-20220415, phantomjs 2.1.1
-        [debug] Optional libraries: Cryptodome-3.15.0, brotli-1.0.9, certifi-2022.06.15, mutagen-1.45.1, sqlite3-2.6.0, websockets-10.3
+        [debug] yt-dlp version nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds [1a176d874] (win_exe)
+        [debug] Python 3.10.11 (CPython AMD64 64bit) - Windows-10-10.0.20348-SP0 (OpenSSL 1.1.1t  7 Feb 2023)
+        [debug] exe versions: ffmpeg 7.0.2 (setts), ffprobe 7.0.2
+        [debug] Optional libraries: Cryptodome-3.21.0, brotli-1.1.0, certifi-2024.08.30, curl_cffi-0.5.10, mutagen-1.47.0, requests-2.32.3, sqlite3-3.40.1, urllib3-2.2.3, websockets-13.1
        [debug] Proxy map: {}
-        [debug] Request Handlers: urllib, requests
-        [debug] Loaded 1893 extractors
-        [debug] Fetching release info: https://api.github.com/repos/yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds/releases/latest
+        [debug] Request Handlers: urllib, requests, websockets, curl_cffi
+        [debug] Loaded 1838 extractors
+        [debug] Fetching release info: https://api.github.com/repos/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest
+        Latest version: nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds
        yt-dlp is up to date (nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds)
        [youtube] Extracting URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc
        <more lines>
      render: shell
+  - type: markdown
+    attributes:
+      value: |
+        > [!CAUTION]
+        > ### GitHub is experiencing a high volume of malicious spam comments.
+        > ### If you receive any replies asking you download a file, do NOT follow the download links!
+        >
+        > Note that this issue may be temporarily locked as an anti-spam measure after it is opened.
--- a/.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md
+++ b/.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md
@ -28,7 +28,6 @@ Fixes #
 ### Before submitting a *pull request* make sure you have:
 - [ ] At least skimmed through [contributing guidelines](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#developer-instructions) including [yt-dlp coding conventions](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#yt-dlp-coding-conventions)
 - [ ] [Searched](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/search?q=is%3Apr&type=Issues) the bugtracker for similar pull requests
- [ ] Checked the code with [flake8](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/flake8) and [ran relevant tests](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#developer-instructions)

 ### In order to be accepted and merged into yt-dlp each piece of code must be in public domain or released under [Unlicense](http://unlicense.org/). Check all of the following options that apply:
 - [ ] I am the original author of this code and I am willing to release it under [Unlicense](http://unlicense.org/)
--- a/.github/workflows/build.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build.yml
@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ on:
        default: true
        type: boolean
      windows:
-        description: yt-dlp.exe, yt-dlp_min.exe, yt-dlp_win.zip
+        description: yt-dlp.exe, yt-dlp_win.zip
        default: true
        type: boolean
      windows32:
@ -199,22 +199,24 @@ jobs:
            GITHUB_WORKFLOW: build
          githubToken: ${{ github.token }} # To cache image
          arch: ${{ matrix.architecture }}
-          distro: ubuntu18.04 # Standalone executable should be built on minimum supported OS
+          distro: ubuntu20.04 # Standalone executable should be built on minimum supported OS
          dockerRunArgs: --volume "${PWD}/repo:/repo"
          install: | # Installing Python 3.10 from the Deadsnakes repo raises errors
            apt update
-            apt -y install zlib1g-dev libffi-dev python3.8 python3.8-dev python3.8-distutils python3-pip
-            python3.8 -m pip install -U pip setuptools wheel
-            # Cannot access any files from the repo directory at this stage
-            python3.8 -m pip install -U Pyinstaller mutagen pycryptodomex websockets brotli certifi secretstorage cffi
+            apt -y install zlib1g-dev libffi-dev python3.9 python3.9-dev python3.9-distutils python3-pip \
+              python3-secretstorage  # Cannot build cryptography wheel in virtual armv7 environment
+            python3.9 -m pip install -U pip wheel 'setuptools>=71.0.2'
+            # XXX: Keep this in sync with pyproject.toml (it can't be accessed at this stage) and exclude secretstorage
+            python3.9 -m pip install -U Pyinstaller mutagen pycryptodomex brotli certifi cffi \
+              'requests>=2.32.2,<3' 'urllib3>=1.26.17,<3' 'websockets>=13.0'

          run: |
            cd repo
-            python3.8 devscripts/install_deps.py -o --include build
-            python3.8 devscripts/install_deps.py --include pyinstaller --include secretstorage  # Cached version may be out of date
-            python3.8 devscripts/update-version.py -c "${{ inputs.channel }}" -r "${{ needs.process.outputs.origin }}" "${{ inputs.version }}"
-            python3.8 devscripts/make_lazy_extractors.py
-            python3.8 -m bundle.pyinstaller
+            python3.9 devscripts/install_deps.py -o --include build
+            python3.9 devscripts/install_deps.py --include pyinstaller  # Cached versions may be out of date
+            python3.9 devscripts/update-version.py -c "${{ inputs.channel }}" -r "${{ needs.process.outputs.origin }}" "${{ inputs.version }}"
+            python3.9 devscripts/make_lazy_extractors.py
+            python3.9 -m bundle.pyinstaller

            if ${{ vars.UPDATE_TO_VERIFICATION && 'true' || 'false' }}; then
              arch="${{ (matrix.architecture == 'armv7' && 'armv7l') || matrix.architecture }}"
@ -237,34 +239,63 @@ jobs:
  macos:
    needs: process
    if: inputs.macos
-    runs-on: macos-11
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      actions: write  # For cleaning up cache
+    runs-on: macos-13

    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      # NB: Building universal2 does not work with python from actions/setup-python
+
+      - name: Restore cached requirements
+        id: restore-cache
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@v4
+        env:
+          SEGMENT_DOWNLOAD_TIMEOUT_MINS: 1
+        with:
+          path: |
+            ~/yt-dlp-build-venv
+          key: cache-reqs-${{ github.job }}
+
      - name: Install Requirements
        run: |
          brew install coreutils
-          python3 devscripts/install_deps.py --user -o --include build
+          python3 -m venv ~/yt-dlp-build-venv
+          source ~/yt-dlp-build-venv/bin/activate
+          python3 devscripts/install_deps.py -o --include build
          python3 devscripts/install_deps.py --print --include pyinstaller > requirements.txt
          # We need to ignore wheels otherwise we break universal2 builds
-          python3 -m pip install -U --user --no-binary :all: -r requirements.txt
+          python3 -m pip install -U --no-binary :all: -r requirements.txt
          # We need to fuse our own universal2 wheels for curl_cffi
-          python3 -m pip install -U --user delocate
+          python3 -m pip install -U 'delocate==0.11.0'
          mkdir curl_cffi_whls curl_cffi_universal2
          python3 devscripts/install_deps.py --print -o --include curl-cffi > requirements.txt
          for platform in "macosx_11_0_arm64" "macosx_11_0_x86_64"; do
            python3 -m pip download \
              --only-binary=:all: \
              --platform "${platform}" \
-              --pre -d curl_cffi_whls \
+              -d curl_cffi_whls \
              -r requirements.txt
          done
+          ( # Overwrite x86_64-only libs with fat/universal2 libs or else Pyinstaller will do the opposite
+            # See https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/pull/10069
+            cd curl_cffi_whls
+            mkdir -p curl_cffi/.dylibs
+            python_libdir=$(python3 -c 'import sys; from pathlib import Path; print(Path(sys.path[1]).parent)')
+            for dylib in lib{ssl,crypto}.3.dylib; do
+              cp "${python_libdir}/${dylib}" "curl_cffi/.dylibs/${dylib}"
+              for wheel in curl_cffi*macos*x86_64.whl; do
+                zip "${wheel}" "curl_cffi/.dylibs/${dylib}"
+              done
+            done
+          )
          python3 -m delocate.cmd.delocate_fuse curl_cffi_whls/curl_cffi*.whl -w curl_cffi_universal2
          python3 -m delocate.cmd.delocate_fuse curl_cffi_whls/cffi*.whl -w curl_cffi_universal2
-          cd curl_cffi_universal2
-          for wheel in *cffi*.whl; do mv -n -- "${wheel}" "${wheel/x86_64/universal2}"; done
-          python3 -m pip install -U --user *cffi*.whl
+          for wheel in curl_cffi_universal2/*cffi*.whl; do
+            mv -n -- "${wheel}" "${wheel/x86_64/universal2}"
+          done
+          python3 -m pip install --force-reinstall -U curl_cffi_universal2/*cffi*.whl

      - name: Prepare
        run: |
@ -272,6 +303,7 @@ jobs:
          python3 devscripts/make_lazy_extractors.py
      - name: Build
        run: |
+          source ~/yt-dlp-build-venv/bin/activate
          python3 -m bundle.pyinstaller --target-architecture universal2 --onedir
          (cd ./dist/yt-dlp_macos && zip -r ../yt-dlp_macos.zip .)
          python3 -m bundle.pyinstaller --target-architecture universal2
@ -295,10 +327,28 @@ jobs:
            dist/yt-dlp_macos.zip
          compression-level: 0

+      - name: Cleanup cache
+        if: steps.restore-cache.outputs.cache-hit == 'true'
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          cache_key: cache-reqs-${{ github.job }}
+          repository: ${{ github.repository }}
+          branch: ${{ github.ref }}
+        run: |
+          gh extension install actions/gh-actions-cache
+          gh actions-cache delete "${cache_key}" -R "${repository}" -B "${branch}" --confirm
+
+      - name: Cache requirements
+        uses: actions/cache/save@v4
+        with:
+          path: |
+            ~/yt-dlp-build-venv
+          key: cache-reqs-${{ github.job }}
+
  macos_legacy:
    needs: process
    if: inputs.macos_legacy
-    runs-on: macos-12
+    runs-on: macos-13

    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
@ -311,7 +361,7 @@ jobs:
          # Hack to get the latest patch version. Uncomment if needed
          #brew install python@3.10
          #export PYTHON_VERSION=$( $(brew --prefix)/opt/python@3.10/bin/python3 --version | cut -d ' ' -f 2 )
-          curl https://www.python.org/ftp/python/${PYTHON_VERSION}/python-${PYTHON_VERSION}-macos11.pkg -o "python.pkg"
+          curl "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/${PYTHON_VERSION}/python-${PYTHON_VERSION}-macos11.pkg" -o "python.pkg"
          sudo installer -pkg python.pkg -target /
          python3 --version
      - name: Install Requirements
@ -355,13 +405,13 @@ jobs:
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
-        with: # 3.8 is used for Win7 support
-          python-version: "3.8"
+        with:
+          python-version: "3.10"
      - name: Install Requirements
        run: | # Custom pyinstaller built with https://github.com/yt-dlp/pyinstaller-builds
          python devscripts/install_deps.py -o --include build
-          python devscripts/install_deps.py --include py2exe --include curl-cffi
-          python -m pip install -U "https://yt-dlp.github.io/Pyinstaller-Builds/x86_64/pyinstaller-5.8.0-py3-none-any.whl"
+          python devscripts/install_deps.py --include curl-cffi
+          python -m pip install -U "https://yt-dlp.github.io/Pyinstaller-Builds/x86_64/pyinstaller-6.11.1-py3-none-any.whl"

      - name: Prepare
        run: |
@ -369,8 +419,6 @@ jobs:
          python devscripts/make_lazy_extractors.py
      - name: Build
        run: |
-          python -m bundle.py2exe
-          Move-Item ./dist/yt-dlp.exe ./dist/yt-dlp_min.exe
          python -m bundle.pyinstaller
          python -m bundle.pyinstaller --onedir
          Compress-Archive -Path ./dist/yt-dlp/* -DestinationPath ./dist/yt-dlp_win.zip
@ -378,7 +426,7 @@ jobs:
      - name: Verify --update-to
        if: vars.UPDATE_TO_VERIFICATION
        run: |
-          foreach ($name in @("yt-dlp","yt-dlp_min")) {
+          foreach ($name in @("yt-dlp")) {
            Copy-Item "./dist/${name}.exe" "./dist/${name}_downgraded.exe"
            $version = & "./dist/${name}.exe" --version
            & "./dist/${name}_downgraded.exe" -v --update-to yt-dlp/yt-dlp@2023.03.04
@ -394,7 +442,6 @@ jobs:
          name: build-bin-${{ github.job }}
          path: |
            dist/yt-dlp.exe
-            dist/yt-dlp_min.exe
            dist/yt-dlp_win.zip
          compression-level: 0

@ -407,13 +454,13 @@ jobs:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
        with:
-          python-version: "3.8"
+          python-version: "3.10"
          architecture: "x86"
      - name: Install Requirements
        run: |
          python devscripts/install_deps.py -o --include build
          python devscripts/install_deps.py
-          python -m pip install -U "https://yt-dlp.github.io/Pyinstaller-Builds/i686/pyinstaller-5.8.0-py3-none-any.whl"
+          python -m pip install -U "https://yt-dlp.github.io/Pyinstaller-Builds/i686/pyinstaller-6.11.1-py3-none-any.whl"

      - name: Prepare
        run: |
@ -457,7 +504,8 @@ jobs:
      - windows32
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
-      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+      - name: Download artifacts
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
        with:
          path: artifact
          pattern: build-bin-*
@ -467,8 +515,12 @@ jobs:
        run: |
          cd ./artifact/
          # make sure SHA sums are also printed to stdout
-          sha256sum * | tee ../SHA2-256SUMS
-          sha512sum * | tee ../SHA2-512SUMS
+          sha256sum -- * | tee ../SHA2-256SUMS
+          sha512sum -- * | tee ../SHA2-512SUMS
+          # also print as permanent annotations to the summary page
+          while read -r shasum; do
+            echo "::notice title=${shasum##* }::sha256: ${shasum% *}"
+          done < ../SHA2-256SUMS

      - name: Make Update spec
        run: |
@ -477,13 +529,29 @@ jobs:
          lock 2022.08.18.36 .+ Python 3\.6
          lock 2023.11.16 (?!win_x86_exe).+ Python 3\.7
          lock 2023.11.16 win_x86_exe .+ Windows-(?:Vista|2008Server)
+          lock 2024.10.22 py2exe .+
+          lock 2024.10.22 linux_(?:armv7l|aarch64)_exe .+-glibc2\.(?:[12]?\d|30)\b
+          lock 2024.10.22 (?!\w+_exe).+ Python 3\.8
+          lock 2024.10.22 win(?:_x86)?_exe Python 3\.[78].+ Windows-(?:7-|2008ServerR2)
          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp 2022.08.18.36 .+ Python 3\.6
          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp 2023.11.16 (?!win_x86_exe).+ Python 3\.7
          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp 2023.11.16 win_x86_exe .+ Windows-(?:Vista|2008Server)
+          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp 2024.10.22 py2exe .+
+          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp 2024.10.22 linux_(?:armv7l|aarch64)_exe .+-glibc2\.(?:[12]?\d|30)\b
+          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp 2024.10.22 (?!\w+_exe).+ Python 3\.8
+          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp 2024.10.22 win(?:_x86)?_exe Python 3\.[78].+ Windows-(?:7-|2008ServerR2)
          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds 2023.11.15.232826 (?!win_x86_exe).+ Python 3\.7
          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds 2023.11.15.232826 win_x86_exe .+ Windows-(?:Vista|2008Server)
+          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds 2024.10.22.051025 py2exe .+
+          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds 2024.10.22.051025 linux_(?:armv7l|aarch64)_exe .+-glibc2\.(?:[12]?\d|30)\b
+          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds 2024.10.22.051025 (?!\w+_exe).+ Python 3\.8
+          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds 2024.10.22.051025 win(?:_x86)?_exe Python 3\.[78].+ Windows-(?:7-|2008ServerR2)
          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-master-builds 2023.11.15.232812 (?!win_x86_exe).+ Python 3\.7
          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-master-builds 2023.11.15.232812 win_x86_exe .+ Windows-(?:Vista|2008Server)
+          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-master-builds 2024.10.22.045052 py2exe .+
+          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-master-builds 2024.10.22.060347 linux_(?:armv7l|aarch64)_exe .+-glibc2\.(?:[12]?\d|30)\b
+          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-master-builds 2024.10.22.060347 (?!\w+_exe).+ Python 3\.8
+          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-master-builds 2024.10.22.060347 win(?:_x86)?_exe Python 3\.[78].+ Windows-(?:7-|2008ServerR2)
          EOF

      - name: Sign checksum files
--- a/.github/workflows/core.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/core.yml
@ -36,16 +36,20 @@ jobs:
      fail-fast: false
      matrix:
        os: [ubuntu-latest]
-        # CPython 3.8 is in quick-test
-        python-version: ['3.9', '3.10', '3.11', '3.12', pypy-3.8, pypy-3.10]
+        # CPython 3.9 is in quick-test
+        python-version: ['3.10', '3.11', '3.12', '3.13', pypy-3.10]
        include:
        # atleast one of each CPython/PyPy tests must be in windows
        - os: windows-latest
-          python-version: '3.8'
+          python-version: '3.9'
+        - os: windows-latest
+          python-version: '3.10'
        - os: windows-latest
          python-version: '3.12'
        - os: windows-latest
-          python-version: pypy-3.9
+          python-version: '3.13'
+        - os: windows-latest
+          python-version: pypy-3.10
    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
    - name: Set up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
@ -53,9 +57,10 @@ jobs:
      with:
        python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
    - name: Install test requirements
-      run: python3 ./devscripts/install_deps.py --include dev --include curl-cffi
+      run: python3 ./devscripts/install_deps.py --include test --include curl-cffi
    - name: Run tests
+      timeout-minutes: 15
      continue-on-error: False
      run: |
        python3 -m yt_dlp -v || true  # Print debug head
-        python3 ./devscripts/run_tests.py core
+        python3 ./devscripts/run_tests.py --pytest-args '--reruns 2 --reruns-delay 3.0' core
--- a/.github/workflows/download.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/download.yml
@ -28,13 +28,13 @@ jobs:
      fail-fast: true
      matrix:
        os: [ubuntu-latest]
-        python-version: ['3.10', '3.11', '3.12', pypy-3.8, pypy-3.10]
+        python-version: ['3.10', '3.11', '3.12', '3.13', pypy-3.10]
        include:
        # atleast one of each CPython/PyPy tests must be in windows
        - os: windows-latest
-          python-version: '3.8'
+          python-version: '3.9'
        - os: windows-latest
-          python-version: pypy-3.9
+          python-version: pypy-3.10
    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
    - name: Set up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
--- a/.github/workflows/issue-lockdown.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/issue-lockdown.yml
@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+name: Issue Lockdown
+on:
+  issues:
+    types: [opened]
+
+permissions:
+  issues: write
+
+jobs:
+  lockdown:
+    name: Issue Lockdown
+    if: vars.ISSUE_LOCKDOWN
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: "Lock new issue"
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+          ISSUE_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.issue.number }}
+          REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+        run: |
+          gh issue lock "${ISSUE_NUMBER}" -R "${REPOSITORY}"
--- a/.github/workflows/quick-test.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/quick-test.yml
@ -10,28 +10,31 @@ jobs:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-    - name: Set up Python 3.8
+    - name: Set up Python 3.9
      uses: actions/setup-python@v5
      with:
-        python-version: '3.8'
+        python-version: '3.9'
    - name: Install test requirements
-      run: python3 ./devscripts/install_deps.py --include dev
+      run: python3 ./devscripts/install_deps.py -o --include test
    - name: Run tests
+      timeout-minutes: 15
      run: |
        python3 -m yt_dlp -v || true
-        python3 ./devscripts/run_tests.py core
-  flake8:
-    name: Linter
+        python3 ./devscripts/run_tests.py --pytest-args '--reruns 2 --reruns-delay 3.0' core
+  check:
+    name: Code check
    if: "!contains(github.event.head_commit.message, 'ci skip all')"
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
    - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
      with:
-        python-version: '3.8'
-    - name: Install flake8
-      run: python3 ./devscripts/install_deps.py -o --include dev
+        python-version: '3.9'
+    - name: Install dev dependencies
+      run: python3 ./devscripts/install_deps.py -o --include static-analysis
    - name: Make lazy extractors
      run: python3 ./devscripts/make_lazy_extractors.py
-    - name: Run flake8
-      run: flake8 .
+    - name: Run ruff
+      run: ruff check --output-format github .
+    - name: Run autopep8
+      run: autopep8 --diff .
--- a/.github/workflows/release-master.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release-master.yml
@ -24,6 +24,24 @@ jobs:
      source: master
    permissions:
      contents: write
-      packages: write
+      packages: write  # For package cache
+      actions: write  # For cleaning up cache
      id-token: write  # mandatory for trusted publishing
    secrets: inherit
+
+  publish_pypi:
+    needs: [release]
+    if: vars.MASTER_PYPI_PROJECT != ''
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      id-token: write  # mandatory for trusted publishing
+    steps:
+      - name: Download artifacts
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          path: dist
+          name: build-pypi
+      - name: Publish to PyPI
+        uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@release/v1
+        with:
+          verbose: true
--- a/.github/workflows/release-nightly.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release-nightly.yml
@ -37,6 +37,24 @@ jobs:
      source: nightly
    permissions:
      contents: write
-      packages: write
+      packages: write  # For package cache
+      actions: write  # For cleaning up cache
      id-token: write  # mandatory for trusted publishing
    secrets: inherit
+
+  publish_pypi:
+    needs: [release]
+    if: vars.NIGHTLY_PYPI_PROJECT != ''
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      id-token: write  # mandatory for trusted publishing
+    steps:
+      - name: Download artifacts
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          path: dist
+          name: build-pypi
+      - name: Publish to PyPI
+        uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@release/v1
+        with:
+          verbose: true
--- a/.github/workflows/release.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release.yml
@ -2,10 +2,6 @@ name: Release
 on:
  workflow_call:
    inputs:
-      prerelease:
-        required: false
-        default: true
-        type: boolean
      source:
        required: false
        default: ''
@ -18,6 +14,10 @@ on:
        required: false
        default: ''
        type: string
+      prerelease:
+        required: false
+        default: true
+        type: boolean
  workflow_dispatch:
    inputs:
      source:
@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ jobs:
          git config --global user.email "41898282+github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com"
          git add -u
          git commit -m "Release ${{ env.version }}" \
-            -m "Created by: ${{ github.event.sender.login }}" -m ":ci skip all :ci run dl"
+            -m "Created by: ${{ github.event.sender.login }}" -m ":ci skip all"
          git push origin --force ${{ github.event.ref }}:release

      - name: Get target commitish
@ -228,7 +228,8 @@ jobs:
      origin: ${{ needs.prepare.outputs.target_repo }}
    permissions:
      contents: read
-      packages: write # For package cache
+      packages: write  # For package cache
+      actions: write  # For cleaning up cache
    secrets:
      GPG_SIGNING_KEY: ${{ secrets.GPG_SIGNING_KEY }}

@ -277,7 +278,17 @@ jobs:
          make clean-cache
          python -m build --no-isolation .

+      - name: Upload artifacts
+        if: github.event_name != 'workflow_dispatch'
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: build-pypi
+          path: |
+            dist/*
+          compression-level: 0
+
      - name: Publish to PyPI
+        if: github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch'
        uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@release/v1
        with:
          verbose: true
@ -324,7 +335,7 @@ jobs:
              "(https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp-master-builds/releases/latest \"Master builds\")"' || '' }} > ./RELEASE_NOTES
          printf '\n\n' >> ./RELEASE_NOTES
          cat >> ./RELEASE_NOTES << EOF
-          #### A description of the various files are in the [README](https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}#release-files)
+          #### A description of the various files is in the [README](https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}#release-files)
          ---
          $(python ./devscripts/make_changelog.py -vv --collapsible)
          EOF
--- a/.github/workflows/sanitize-comment.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/sanitize-comment.yml
@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+name: Sanitize comment
+
+on:
+  issue_comment:
+    types: [created, edited]
+
+permissions:
+  issues: write
+
+jobs:
+  sanitize-comment:
+    name: Sanitize comment
+    if: vars.SANITIZE_COMMENT && !github.event.issue.pull_request
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Sanitize comment
+        uses: yt-dlp/sanitize-comment@v1
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@ -51,7 +51,6 @@ cookies
 *.srt
 *.ssa
 *.swf
-*.swp
 *.tt
 *.ttml
 *.url
@ -67,7 +66,7 @@ cookies
 # Python
 *.pyc
 *.pyo
-.pytest_cache
+.*_cache
 wine-py2exe/
 py2exe.log
 build/
@ -119,6 +118,7 @@ yt-dlp.zip
 .vscode
 *.sublime-*
 *.code-workspace
+*.swp

 # Lazy extractors
 */extractor/lazy_extractors.py
--- a/.pre-commit-config.yaml
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+repos:
+- repo: local
+  hooks:
+  - id: linter
+    name: Apply linter fixes
+    entry: ruff check --fix .
+    language: system
+    types: [python]
+    require_serial: true
+  - id: format
+    name: Apply formatting fixes
+    entry: autopep8 --in-place .
+    language: system
+    types: [python]
--- a/.pre-commit-hatch.yaml
+++ b/.pre-commit-hatch.yaml
@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+repos:
+- repo: local
+  hooks:
+  - id: fix
+    name: Apply code fixes
+    entry: hatch fmt
+    language: system
+    types: [python]
+    require_serial: true
--- a/CONTRIBUTING.md
+++ b/CONTRIBUTING.md
@ -37,14 +37,18 @@ Bugs and suggestions should be reported at: [yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues](https://githu
 **Please include the full output of yt-dlp when run with `-vU`**, i.e. **add** `-vU` flag to **your command line**, copy the **whole** output and post it in the issue body wrapped in \`\`\` for better formatting. It should look similar to this:
 ```
 $ yt-dlp -vU <your command line>
-[debug] Command-line config: ['-v', 'demo.com']
-[debug] Encodings: locale UTF-8, fs utf-8, out utf-8, pref UTF-8
-[debug] yt-dlp version 2021.09.25 (zip)
-[debug] Python version 3.8.10 (CPython 64bit) - Linux-5.4.0-74-generic-x86_64-with-glibc2.29
-[debug] exe versions: ffmpeg 4.2.4, ffprobe 4.2.4
+[debug] Command-line config: ['-vU', 'https://www.example.com/']
+[debug] Encodings: locale cp65001, fs utf-8, pref cp65001, out utf-8, error utf-8, screen utf-8
+[debug] yt-dlp version nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds [1a176d874] (win_exe)
+[debug] Python 3.10.11 (CPython AMD64 64bit) - Windows-10-10.0.20348-SP0 (OpenSSL 1.1.1t  7 Feb 2023)
+[debug] exe versions: ffmpeg 7.0.2 (setts), ffprobe 7.0.2
+[debug] Optional libraries: Cryptodome-3.21.0, brotli-1.1.0, certifi-2024.08.30, curl_cffi-0.5.10, mutagen-1.47.0, requests-2.32.3, sqlite3-3.40.1, urllib3-2.2.3, websockets-13.1
 [debug] Proxy map: {}
-Current Build Hash 25cc412d1d3c0725a1f2f5b7e4682f6fb40e6d15f7024e96f7afd572e9919535
-yt-dlp is up to date (2021.09.25)
+[debug] Request Handlers: urllib, requests, websockets, curl_cffi
+[debug] Loaded 1838 extractors
+[debug] Fetching release info: https://api.github.com/repos/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest
+Latest version: nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds
+yt-dlp is up to date (nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds)
 ...
 ```
 **Do not post screenshots of verbose logs; only plain text is acceptable.**
@ -127,25 +131,60 @@ While these steps won't necessarily ensure that no misuse of the account takes p

 ### Is the website primarily used for piracy?

-We follow [youtube-dl's policy](https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl#can-you-add-support-for-this-anime-video-site-or-site-which-shows-current-movies-for-free) to not support services that is primarily used for infringing copyright. Additionally, it has been decided to not to support porn sites that specialize in fakes. We also cannot support any service that serves only [DRM protected content](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_rights_management). 
+We follow [youtube-dl's policy](https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl#can-you-add-support-for-this-anime-video-site-or-site-which-shows-current-movies-for-free) to not support services that is primarily used for infringing copyright. Additionally, it has been decided to not to support porn sites that specialize in fakes. We also cannot support any service that serves only [DRM protected content](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_rights_management).




 # DEVELOPER INSTRUCTIONS

-Most users do not need to build yt-dlp and can [download the builds](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases) or get them via [the other installation methods](README.md#installation).
+Most users do not need to build yt-dlp and can [download the builds](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases), get them via [the other installation methods](README.md#installation) or directly run it using `python -m yt_dlp`.

-To run yt-dlp as a developer, you don't need to build anything either. Simply execute
+`yt-dlp` uses [`hatch`](<https://hatch.pypa.io>) as a project management tool.
+You can easily install it using [`pipx`](<https://pipx.pypa.io>) via `pipx install hatch`, or else via `pip` or your package manager of choice. Make sure you are using at least version `1.10.0`, otherwise some functionality might not work as expected.

-    python3 -m yt_dlp
+If you plan on contributing to `yt-dlp`, best practice is to start by running the following command:

-To run all the available core tests, use:
+```shell
+$ hatch run setup
+```
+
+The above command will install a `pre-commit` hook so that required checks/fixes (linting, formatting) will run automatically before each commit. If any code needs to be linted or formatted, then the commit will be blocked and the necessary changes will be made; you should review all edits and re-commit the fixed version.
+
+After this you can use `hatch shell` to enable a virtual environment that has `yt-dlp` and its development dependencies installed.

-    python3 devscripts/run_tests.py
+In addition, the following script commands can be used to run simple tasks such as linting or testing (without having to run `hatch shell` first):
+* `hatch fmt`: Automatically fix linter violations and apply required code formatting changes
+    * See `hatch fmt --help` for more info
+* `hatch test`: Run extractor or core tests
+    * See `hatch test --help` for more info

 See item 6 of [new extractor tutorial](#adding-support-for-a-new-site) for how to run extractor specific test cases.

+While it is strongly recommended to use `hatch` for yt-dlp development, if you are unable to do so, alternatively you can manually create a virtual environment and use the following commands:
+
+```shell
+# To only install development dependencies:
+$ python -m devscripts.install_deps --include dev
+
+# Or, for an editable install plus dev dependencies:
+$ python -m pip install -e ".[default,dev]"
+
+# To setup the pre-commit hook:
+$ pre-commit install
+
+# To be used in place of `hatch test`:
+$ python -m devscripts.run_tests
+
+# To be used in place of `hatch fmt`:
+$ ruff check --fix .
+$ autopep8 --in-place .
+
+# To only check code instead of applying fixes:
+$ ruff check .
+$ autopep8 --diff .
+```
+
 If you want to create a build of yt-dlp yourself, you can follow the instructions [here](README.md#compile).


@ -165,19 +204,23 @@ After you have ensured this site is distributing its content legally, you can fo
 1. [Fork this repository](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/fork)
 1. Check out the source code with:

-        git clone git@github.com:YOUR_GITHUB_USERNAME/yt-dlp.git
+    ```shell
+    $ git clone git@github.com:YOUR_GITHUB_USERNAME/yt-dlp.git
+    ```

 1. Start a new git branch with

-        cd yt-dlp
-        git checkout -b yourextractor
+    ```shell
+    $ cd yt-dlp
+    $ git checkout -b yourextractor
+    ```

 1. Start with this simple template and save it to `yt_dlp/extractor/yourextractor.py`:

    ```python
    from .common import InfoExtractor
-    
-    
+
+
    class YourExtractorIE(InfoExtractor):
        _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?yourextractor\.com/watch/(?P<id>[0-9]+)'
        _TESTS = [{
@ -194,7 +237,7 @@ After you have ensured this site is distributing its content legally, you can fo
                # * MD5 checksum; start the string with 'md5:', e.g.
                #     'description': 'md5:098f6bcd4621d373cade4e832627b4f6',
                # * A regular expression; start the string with 're:', e.g.
-                #     'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
+                #     'thumbnail': r're:https?://.*\.jpg$',
                # * A count of elements in a list; start the string with 'count:', e.g.
                #     'tags': 'count:10',
                # * Any Python type, e.g.
@ -205,7 +248,7 @@ After you have ensured this site is distributing its content legally, you can fo
        def _real_extract(self, url):
            video_id = self._match_id(url)
            webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
-    
+
            # TODO more code goes here, for example ...
            title = self._html_search_regex(r'<h1>(.+?)</h1>', webpage, 'title')

@ -217,21 +260,27 @@ After you have ensured this site is distributing its content legally, you can fo
                # TODO more properties (see yt_dlp/extractor/common.py)
            }
    ```
-1. Add an import in [`yt_dlp/extractor/_extractors.py`](yt_dlp/extractor/_extractors.py). Note that the class name must end with `IE`.
-1. Run `python3 devscripts/run_tests.py YourExtractor`. This *may fail* at first, but you can continually re-run it until you're done. Upon failure, it will output the missing fields and/or correct values which you can copy. If you decide to add more than one test, the tests will then be named `YourExtractor`, `YourExtractor_1`, `YourExtractor_2`, etc. Note that tests with an `only_matching` key in the test's dict are not included in the count. You can also run all the tests in one go with `YourExtractor_all`
+1. Add an import in [`yt_dlp/extractor/_extractors.py`](yt_dlp/extractor/_extractors.py). Note that the class name must end with `IE`. Also note that when adding a parenthesized import group, the last import in the group must have a trailing comma in order for this formatting to be respected by our code formatter.
+1. Run `hatch test YourExtractor`. This *may fail* at first, but you can continually re-run it until you're done. Upon failure, it will output the missing fields and/or correct values which you can copy. If you decide to add more than one test, the tests will then be named `YourExtractor`, `YourExtractor_1`, `YourExtractor_2`, etc. Note that tests with an `only_matching` key in the test's dict are not included in the count. You can also run all the tests in one go with `YourExtractor_all`
 1. Make sure you have at least one test for your extractor. Even if all videos covered by the extractor are expected to be inaccessible for automated testing, tests should still be added with a `skip` parameter indicating why the particular test is disabled from running.
 1. Have a look at [`yt_dlp/extractor/common.py`](yt_dlp/extractor/common.py) for possible helper methods and a [detailed description of what your extractor should and may return](yt_dlp/extractor/common.py#L119-L440). Add tests and code for as many as you want.
-1. Make sure your code follows [yt-dlp coding conventions](#yt-dlp-coding-conventions) and check the code with [flake8](https://flake8.pycqa.org/en/latest/index.html#quickstart):
+1. Make sure your code follows [yt-dlp coding conventions](#yt-dlp-coding-conventions), passes [ruff](https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/tutorial/#getting-started) code checks and is properly formatted:
+
+    ```shell
+    $ hatch fmt --check
+    ```

-        $ flake8 yt_dlp/extractor/yourextractor.py
+    You can use `hatch fmt` to automatically fix problems. Rules that the linter/formatter enforces should not be disabled with `# noqa` unless a maintainer requests it. The only exception allowed is for old/printf-style string formatting in GraphQL query templates (use `# noqa: UP031`).

-1. Make sure your code works under all [Python](https://www.python.org/) versions supported by yt-dlp, namely CPython and PyPy for Python 3.8 and above. Backward compatibility is not required for even older versions of Python.
+1. Make sure your code works under all [Python](https://www.python.org/) versions supported by yt-dlp, namely CPython >=3.9 and PyPy >=3.10. Backward compatibility is not required for even older versions of Python.
 1. When the tests pass, [add](https://git-scm.com/docs/git-add) the new files, [commit](https://git-scm.com/docs/git-commit) them and [push](https://git-scm.com/docs/git-push) the result, like this:

-        $ git add yt_dlp/extractor/_extractors.py
-        $ git add yt_dlp/extractor/yourextractor.py
-        $ git commit -m '[yourextractor] Add extractor'
-        $ git push origin yourextractor
+    ```shell
+    $ git add yt_dlp/extractor/_extractors.py
+    $ git add yt_dlp/extractor/yourextractor.py
+    $ git commit -m '[yourextractor] Add extractor'
+    $ git push origin yourextractor
+    ```

 1. Finally, [create a pull request](https://help.github.com/articles/creating-a-pull-request). We'll then review and merge it.

@ -257,10 +306,9 @@ Extractors are very fragile by nature since they depend on the layout of the sou
 For extraction to work yt-dlp relies on metadata your extractor extracts and provides to yt-dlp expressed by an [information dictionary](yt_dlp/extractor/common.py#L119-L440) or simply *info dict*. Only the following meta fields in the *info dict* are considered mandatory for a successful extraction process by yt-dlp:

 - `id` (media identifier)
- - `title` (media title)
 - `url` (media download URL) or `formats`

-The aforementioned metafields are the critical data that the extraction does not make any sense without and if any of them fail to be extracted then the extractor is considered completely broken. While all extractors must return a `title`, they must also allow it's extraction to be non-fatal.
+The aforementioned metadata fields are the critical data without which extraction does not make any sense. If any of them fail to be extracted, then the extractor is considered broken. All other metadata extraction should be completely non-fatal.

 For pornographic sites, appropriate `age_limit` must also be returned.

@ -275,7 +323,7 @@ Say you have some source dictionary `meta` that you've fetched as JSON with HTTP
 ```python
 meta = self._download_json(url, video_id)
 ```
-    
+
 Assume at this point `meta`'s layout is:

 ```python
@ -705,7 +753,7 @@ Use `url_or_none` for safe URL processing.

 Use `traverse_obj` and `try_call` (superseeds `dict_get` and `try_get`) for safe metadata extraction from parsed JSON.

-Use `unified_strdate` for uniform `upload_date` or any `YYYYMMDD` meta field extraction, `unified_timestamp` for uniform `timestamp` extraction, `parse_filesize` for `filesize` extraction, `parse_count` for count meta fields extraction, `parse_resolution`, `parse_duration` for `duration` extraction, `parse_age_limit` for `age_limit` extraction. 
+Use `unified_strdate` for uniform `upload_date` or any `YYYYMMDD` meta field extraction, `unified_timestamp` for uniform `timestamp` extraction, `parse_filesize` for `filesize` extraction, `parse_count` for count meta fields extraction, `parse_resolution`, `parse_duration` for `duration` extraction, `parse_age_limit` for `age_limit` extraction.

 Explore [`yt_dlp/utils/`](yt_dlp/utils/) for more useful convenience functions.

--- a/85
+++ b/85
@ -610,3 +610,88 @@ Offert4324
 sta1us
 Tomoka1
 trwstin
+alexhuot1
+clienthax
+DaPotato69
+emqi
+hugohaa
+imanoreotwe
+JakeFinley96
+lostfictions
+minamotorin
+ocococococ
+Podiumnoche
+RasmusAntons
+roeniss
+shoxie007
+Szpachlarz
+The-MAGI
+TuxCoder
+voidful
+vtexier
+WyohKnott
+trueauracoral
+ASertacAkkaya
+axpauls
+chilinux
+hafeoz
+JSubelj
+jucor
+megumintyan
+mgedmin
+Niluge-KiWi
+peisenwang
+TheZ3ro
+tippfehlr
+varunchopra
+DrakoCpp
+PatrykMis
+DinhHuy2010
+exterrestris
+harbhim
+LeSuisse
+DunnesH
+iancmy
+mokrueger
+luvyana
+szantnerb
+hugepower
+scribblemaniac
+Codenade
+Demon000
+Deukhoofd
+grqz
+hibes
+Khaoklong51
+kieraneglin
+lengzuo
+naglis
+ndyanx
+otovalek
+quad
+rakslice
+sahilsinghss73
+tony-hn
+xingchensong
+BallzCrasher
+coreywright
+eric321
+poyhen
+tetra-fox
+444995
+63427083
+allendema
+DarkZeros
+DTrombett
+imranh2
+KarboniteKream
+mikkovedru
+pktiuk
+rubyevadestaxes
+avagordon01
+CounterPillow
+JoseAngelB
+KBelmin
+kesor
+MellowKyler
+Wesley107772
--- a/Changelog.md
+++ b/Changelog.md
@ -4,6 +4,573 @@
 # To create a release, dispatch the https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/actions/workflows/release.yml workflow on master
 -->

+### 2024.11.04
+
+#### Important changes
+- **Beginning with this release, yt-dlp's Python dependencies *must* be installed using the `default` group**
+If you're installing yt-dlp with pip/pipx or requiring yt-dlp in your own Python project, you'll need to specify `yt-dlp[default]` if you want to also install yt-dlp's optional dependencies (which were previously included by default). [Read more](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/pull/11255)
+- **The minimum *required* Python version has been raised to 3.9**
+Python 3.8 reached its end-of-life on 2024.10.07, and yt-dlp has now removed support for it. As an unfortunate side effect, the official `yt-dlp.exe` and `yt-dlp_x86.exe` binaries are no longer supported on Windows 7. [Read more](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10086)
+
+#### Core changes
+- [Allow thumbnails with `.jpe` extension](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/5bc5fb2835ea59bdf326bd12176d74d2c7348a95) ([#11408](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11408)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- [Expand paths in `--plugin-dirs`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/914af9a0cf51c9a3f74aa88d952bee8334c67511) ([#11334](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11334)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- [Fix `--netrc` empty string parsing for Python <=3.10](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/88402b714ec124633933737bc156b172a3dec3d6) ([#11414](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11414)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+- [Populate format sorting fields before dependent fields](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/5c880ef42e9c2b2fc412f6d69dad37d34fb75a62) ([#11353](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11353)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+- [Prioritize AV1](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/3945677a75e94a1fecc085432d791e1c21220cd3) ([#11153](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11153)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- [Remove Python 3.8 support](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d784464399b600ba9516bbcec6286f11d68974dd) ([#11321](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11321)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **aes**: [Fix GCM pad length calculation](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/beae2db127d3b5017cbcf685da9de7a9ef496541) ([#11438](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11438)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **cookies**: [Support chrome table version 24](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4613096f2e6eab9dcbac0e98b6cec760bbc99375) ([#11425](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11425)) by [kesor](https://github.com/kesor), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **utils**
+    - [Allow partial application for more functions](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b6dc2c49e8793c6dfa21275e61caf49ec1148b81) ([#11391](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11391)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K) (With fixes in [422195e](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/422195ec70a00b0d2002b238cacbae7790c57fdf) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K))
+    - [Fix `find_element` by class](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f93c16395cea1fe9ffc3c594d3e019c3b214544c) ([#11402](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11402)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Fix and improve `find_element` and `find_elements`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b103aca24d35b72b405c340357dc01a0ed534281) ([#11443](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11443)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+
+#### Extractor changes
+- [Resolve `language` to ISO639-2 for ISM formats](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/21cdcf03a237a0c4979c941d5a5385cae44c7906) ([#11359](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11359)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **ardmediathek**: [Extract chapters](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/59f8dd8239c31f00b708da53b39b1e2e9409b6e6) ([#11442](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11442)) by [iw0nderhow](https://github.com/iw0nderhow)
+- **bfmtv**: [Fix extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/754940e9a558565d6bd3c0c529802569b1d0ae4e) ([#11444](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11444)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **bluesky**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/5c7a5aaab27e9c3cb367b663a6136ca58866e547) ([#11055](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11055)) by [MellowKyler](https://github.com/MellowKyler), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **ccma**: [Support new 3cat.cat domain](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/330335386d4f7603d92d6796798375336005275e) ([#11222](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11222)) by [JoseAngelB](https://github.com/JoseAngelB)
+- **chzzk**: video: [Fix extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/9c6534da81e485b2325b3489ee4128943e6d3e4b) ([#11228](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11228)) by [hui1601](https://github.com/hui1601)
+- **cnn**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/9acf79c91a8c6c55ca972747c6858e784e2da351) ([#10185](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10185)) by [kylegustavo](https://github.com/kylegustavo), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **dailymotion**
+    - [Improve embed extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a403dcf9be20b49cbb3017328f4aaa352fb6d685) ([#10843](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10843)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [pzhlkj6612](https://github.com/pzhlkj6612)
+    - [Support shortened URLs](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d1358231371f20fa23020fa9176be3b56119873e) ([#11374](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11374)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **facebook**: [Fix formats extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ec9b25043f399de6a591d8370d32bf0e66c117f2) ([#11343](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11343)) by [kclauhk](https://github.com/kclauhk)
+- **generic**: [Do not impersonate by default](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c29f5a7fae93a08f3cfbb6127b2faa75145b06a0) ([#11336](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11336)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **nfl**: [Fix extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/838f4385de8300a4dd4e7ffbbf0e5b7b85fb52c2) ([#11409](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11409)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **niconicouser**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/6abef74232c0fc695cd803c18ae446cacb129389) ([#11324](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11324)) by [Wesley107772](https://github.com/Wesley107772)
+- **soundcloud**: [Extract artists](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f101e5d34c97c608156ad5396714c2a2edca966a) ([#11377](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11377)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **tumblr**: [Support more URLs](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b03267bf0675eeb8df5baf1daac7cf67840c91a5) ([#6057](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6057)) by [selfisekai](https://github.com/selfisekai), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **twitter**: [Remove cookies migration workaround](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/76802f461332d444e596437c42374fa237fa5174) ([#11392](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11392)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **vimeo**: [Fix API retries](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/57212a5f97ce367590aaa5c3e9a135eead8f81f7) ([#11351](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11351)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **yle_areena**: [Support live events](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a6783a3b9905e547f6c1d4df9d7c7999feda8afa) ([#11358](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11358)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [CounterPillow](https://github.com/CounterPillow)
+- **youtube**: [Adjust OAuth refresh token handling](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d569a8845254d90ce13ad74ae76695e8d6441068) ([#11414](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11414)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+
+#### Misc. changes
+- **build**
+    - [Disable attestations for trusted publishing](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/428ffb75aa3534b275cf54de42693a4d261519da) ([#11418](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11418)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Move optional dependencies to the `default` group](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/87884f15580910e4e0fe0e1db73508debc657471) ([#11255](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11255)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Use Ubuntu 20.04 and Python 3.9 for Linux ARM builds](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/dd2e24446954246a2ec4d4a7e95531f52a14b351) ([#8638](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/8638)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **cleanup**
+    - Miscellaneous
+        - [ea9e35d](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ea9e35d85fba5eab341cdcaf1eaed69b57f7e465) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+        - [c998238](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c998238c2e76c62d1d29962c6e8ebe916cc7913b) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [KBelmin](https://github.com/KBelmin)
+        - [197d0b0](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/197d0b03b6a3c8fe4fa5ace630eeffec629bf72c) by [avagordon01](https://github.com/avagordon01), [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [grqz](https://github.com/grqz), [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **devscripts**: `make_changelog`: [Parse full commit message for fixes](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0a3991edae0e10f2ea41ece9fdea5e48f789f1de) ([#11366](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11366)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+
+### 2024.10.22
+
+#### Important changes
+- **Following this release, yt-dlp's Python dependencies *must* be installed using the `default` group**
+If you're installing yt-dlp with pip/pipx or requiring yt-dlp in your own Python project, you'll need to specify `yt-dlp[default]` if you want to also install yt-dlp's optional dependencies (which were previously included by default). [Read more](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/pull/11255)
+- **py2exe is no longer supported**
+This release's `yt-dlp_min.exe` will be the last, and it's actually a PyInstaller-bundled executable so that yt-dlp users updating their py2exe build with `-U` will be automatically migrated. [Read more](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10087)
+
+#### Core changes
+- [Add extractor helpers](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d710a6ca7c622705c0c8c8a3615916f531137d5d) ([#10653](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10653)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+- [Add option `--plugin-dirs`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0f593dca9fa995d88eb763170a932da61c8f24dc) ([#11277](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11277)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz), [imranh2](https://github.com/imranh2)
+- **cookies**: [Fix compatibility for Python <=3.9 in traceback](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c5f0f58efd8c3930de8202c15a5c53b1b635bd51) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+- **utils**
+    - `Popen`: [Reset PyInstaller environment](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/fbc66e3ab35743cc847a21223c67d88bb463cd9c) ([#11258](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11258)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+    - `sanitize_path`: [Reimplement function](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/85b87c991af25dcb35630fa94580fd418e78ee33) ([#11198](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11198)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+
+#### Extractor changes
+- **adobepass**: [Use newer user-agent for provider redirect request](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/dcfeea4dd5e5686821350baa6c7767a011944867) ([#11250](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11250)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **afreecatv**: [Adapt extractors to new sooplive.co.kr domain](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/46fe60ff19395698a87113b2944453779e04ab9d) ([#11266](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11266)) by [63427083](https://github.com/63427083), [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **cda**: [Support folders](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c4d95f67ddc522297bb1fea875255cf94b34d595) ([#10786](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10786)) by [pktiuk](https://github.com/pktiuk)
+- **cwtv**: [Fix extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/9d43dcb2c5c38f443f84dfc126cd32720e1a1ad6) ([#11230](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11230)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **drtv**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f4338714241b11d9d43768ae71a25f5e952f677d) ([#11141](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11141)) by [444995](https://github.com/444995)
+- **funk**: [Extend `_VALID_URL`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/8de431ec97a4b62b73df8f686b6e21e462775336) ([#11269](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11269)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **gem.cbc.ca**: [Fix formats extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/40054cb4a7ebbea30d335d444e6f58b298a3baa0) ([#11196](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11196)) by [DavidSkrundz](https://github.com/DavidSkrundz)
+- **generic**: [Impersonate browser by default](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/edfd095b1917701c5046bd51f9542897c17d41a7) ([#11206](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11206)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+- **imgur**
+    - [Fix thumbnail extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/87408ccfd772ddf31a8323d8151c24f9577cbc9f) ([#11298](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11298)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+    - [Support new URL format](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/5af774d7a36c00bea618c7047c9326532cd3f616) ([#11075](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11075)) by [Deer-Spangle](https://github.com/Deer-Spangle)
+- **patreon**: campaign: [Stricter URL matching](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/babb70960595e2146f06f81affc29c7e713e34e2) ([#11235](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11235)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **reddit**: [Detect and raise when login is required](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/cba7868502f04175fecf9ab3e363296aee7ebec2) ([#11202](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11202)) by [pzhlkj6612](https://github.com/pzhlkj6612)
+- **substack**: [Resolve podcast file extensions](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/3148c1822f66533998278f0a1cf842b9bea1526a) ([#11275](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11275)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **telecinco**: [Fix extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0b7ec08816fb196cd41d392f8331b4eb8366c4f8) ([#11142](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11142)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [DarkZeros](https://github.com/DarkZeros)
+- **tubitv**: [Strip extra whitespace from titles](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e68b4c19af122876561a41f2dd8093fae7b417c7) ([#10795](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10795)) by [allendema](https://github.com/allendema)
+- **tver**: [Support series URLs](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ceaea731b6e314dbbdfb2e358d7677785ed0b4fc) ([#9507](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9507)) by [pzhlkj6612](https://github.com/pzhlkj6612), [vvto33](https://github.com/vvto33)
+- **twitter**: spaces: [Allow extraction when not logged in](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/679c68240a26481ea7c07cc0c014745631ea8481) ([#11289](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11289)) by [rubyevadestaxes](https://github.com/rubyevadestaxes)
+- **weverse**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/5310fa87f6cb7f66bf42e2520878952fbf6b1652) ([#11215](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11215)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **youtube**
+    - [Fix `comment_count` extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7af1ddaaf2a6a0a750373a9ab53c7770af4f9fe4) ([#11274](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11274)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Remove broken `android_producer` client](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/fed53d70bdb7d3e37ef63dd7fcf0ef74356167fd) ([#11297](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11297)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Remove broken age-restriction workaround](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ec2f4bf0823a13043f98f5bd0bf6677837bf09dc) ([#11297](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11297)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Support logging in with OAuth](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b8635c1d4779da195e71aa281f73aaad702c935e) ([#11001](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11001)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+
+#### Misc. changes
+- **build**
+    - [Migrate `py2exe` builds to `win_exe`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a886cf3e900f4a2ec00af705f883539269545609) ([#11256](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11256)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Use `macos-13` image for macOS builds](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/64d84d75ca8c19ec06558cc7c511f5f4f7a822bc) ([#11236](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11236)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - `make_lazy_extractors`: [Force running without plugins](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/1a830394a21a81a3e9918f9e175abc9fbb21f089) ([#11205](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11205)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+- **cleanup**: Miscellaneous: [67adeb7](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/67adeb7bab00662ba55d473e405b301abb42fe61) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [DTrombett](https://github.com/DTrombett), [grqz](https://github.com/grqz), [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K), [KarboniteKream](https://github.com/KarboniteKream), [mikkovedru](https://github.com/mikkovedru), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **test**: [Allow running tests explicitly](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/16eb28026a2ddf5608d0a628ef15949b8d3805a9) ([#11203](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11203)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+
+### 2024.10.07
+
+#### Core changes
+- **cookies**: [Fix cookie load error handling](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e59c82a74cda5139eb3928c75b0bd45484dbe7f0) ([#11140](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11140)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+
+#### Extractor changes
+- **applepodcasts**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/6328e2e67a4e126e08af382e6a387073082d5c5f) ([#10903](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10903)) by [coreywright](https://github.com/coreywright)
+- **cwtv**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4b7bec66d8100978b82bb24110ed44e2a7749931) ([#11135](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11135)) by [kclauhk](https://github.com/kclauhk)
+- **instagram**
+    - [Do not hardcode user-agent](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/079a7bc334281d3c13d347770ae5f9f2b7da471a) ([#11155](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11155)) by [poyhen](https://github.com/poyhen)
+    - [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/cf85cba5d9496bd2689e1070005b4d1b4cd3dc6d) ([#11156](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11156)) by [tetra-fox](https://github.com/tetra-fox)
+- **noodlemagazine**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ccb23e1bac9768d1c70535beb744e668ed4a2720) ([#11144](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11144)) by [BallzCrasher](https://github.com/BallzCrasher)
+- **patreon**: [Extract all m3u8 formats for locked posts](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f91645aceaf13926cf35be2c1dfef61b3aab97fb) ([#11138](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11138)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **youtube**: [Change default player clients to `ios,mweb`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/de2062753a188060d76f587e45becce61fe399f9) ([#11190](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11190)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+
+#### Postprocessor changes
+- **xattrmetadata**: [Try to write each attribute](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/3a193346eeb27ac2959ff30c370adb899ec94732) ([#11115](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11115)) by [eric321](https://github.com/eric321)
+
+#### Misc. changes
+- **ci**: [Rerun failed tests](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b31b81d85f00601710d4fac590c3e4efb4133283) ([#11143](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11143)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+- **cleanup**: Miscellaneous: [1a176d8](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/1a176d874e6772cd898ce507379ea388e96ee3f7) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+
+### 2024.09.27
+
+#### Important changes
+- **The minimum *recommended* Python version has been raised to 3.9**
+Since Python 3.8 will reach end-of-life in October 2024, support for it will be dropped soon. [Read more](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10086)
+
+#### Core changes
+- [Allow `none` arg to negate `--convert-subs` and `--convert-thumbnails`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c08e0b20b5edd8957b8318716bc14e896d1b96f4) ([#11066](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11066)) by [kieraneglin](https://github.com/kieraneglin)
+- [Fix format sorting bug with vp9.2 vcodec](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/8f4ea14680c7865d8ffac10a9174205d1d84ada7) ([#10884](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10884)) by [rakslice](https://github.com/rakslice)
+- [Raise minimum recommended Python version to 3.9](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/cca534cd9e6850c70244f225a4a1895ef4bcdbec) ([#11098](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11098)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **cookies**: [Improve error message for Windows `--cookies-from-browser chrome` issue](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b397a64691421ace5df09457c2a764821a2dc6f2) ([#11090](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11090)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **utils**: `mimetype2ext`: [Recognize `aacp` as `aac`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/cc85596d5b59f0c14e9381b3675f619c1e12e597) ([#10860](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10860)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+
+#### Extractor changes
+- [Fix JW Player format parsing](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/409f8e9e3b4bde81ef76fc563256f876d2ff8099) ([#10956](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10956)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- [Handle decode errors when reading responses](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/325001317d97f4545d66fac44c4ba772c6f45f22) ([#10868](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10868)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **abc.net.au**: iview, showseries: [Fix extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7f909046f4dc0fba472b4963145aef6e0d42491b) ([#11101](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11101)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **adn**: [Fix extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/cc88a54bb1ef285154775f8a6a413335ce4c71ce) ([#10749](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10749)) by [infanf](https://github.com/infanf)
+- **asobistage**: [Support redirected URLs](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a7d3235c84dac57a127cbe0ff38f7f7c2fdd8fa0) ([#10768](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10768)) by [pzhlkj6612](https://github.com/pzhlkj6612)
+- **bandcamp**: user: [Fix extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/5d0176547f16a3642cd71627126e9dfc24981e20) ([#10328](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10328)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [quad](https://github.com/quad)
+- **beacon**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b4760c778d0c92c6e3f2bc8346cd72c8f08595ae) ([#9901](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9901)) by [Deukhoofd](https://github.com/Deukhoofd)
+- **bilibili**
+    - [Fix chapters and subtitles extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a2000bc85730c950351d78bb818493dc39dca3cb) ([#11099](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11099)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Fix festival URL support](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b43bd864851f2862e26caa85461c5d825d49d463) ([#10740](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10740)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [grqz](https://github.com/grqz)
+- **biliintl**: [Fix referer header](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a06bb586795ebab87a2356923acfc674d6f0e152) ([#11003](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11003)) by [Khaoklong51](https://github.com/Khaoklong51)
+- **dropbox**: [Fix password-protected video support](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/63da31b3b29af90062d8a72a905ffe4b5e499042) ([#10735](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10735)) by [ndyanx](https://github.com/ndyanx)
+- **ertgr**: [Fix video extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/416686ed0cf792ec44ab059f3b229dd776077e14) ([#11091](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11091)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **eurosport**: [Support local URL variants](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f0bb28504c8c2b75ee3e5796aed50de2a7f90a1b) ([#10785](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10785)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **facebook**
+    - ads: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d62fef7e07d454c0d2ba2d69fb96d691dba1ded0) ([#10704](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10704)) by [kclauhk](https://github.com/kclauhk)
+    - reel: [Improve metadata extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0e1b941c6b2caa688b0d3332e723d16dbafa4311) by [lengzuo](https://github.com/lengzuo)
+- **germanupa**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/124f058b546d652a359c67025bb479789bfbef0b) ([#10538](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10538)) by [grqz](https://github.com/grqz)
+- **hgtvde**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a555389c9bb32e589e00b4664974423fb7b04dcd) ([#10992](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10992)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [rdamas](https://github.com/rdamas)
+- **huya**: video: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/25c1cdaa2650563494d3bf00a38f72d0d9486bff) ([#10686](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10686)) by [hugepower](https://github.com/hugepower)
+- **iprima**: [Fix zoom URL support](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4a27b8f092f7f7c10b7a334d3535c97c2af02f0a) ([#10959](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10959)) by [otovalek](https://github.com/otovalek)
+- **khanacademy**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0fba08485b6445b72b5b63ae23ca2a73fa5d967f) ([#10913](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10913)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **kick**
+    - clips: [Support new URL format](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0aa4426e9a35f7f8e184f1f2082b3b313c1448f7) ([#11107](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11107)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - vod: [Support new URL format](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/173d54c151b987409e3eb09552d8d89ed8fc50f7) ([#10988](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10988)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [grqz](https://github.com/grqz)
+- **kika**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e6f48ca80821939c1fd11ec2a0cdbf2fba9b258a) ([#5788](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/5788)) by [1100101](https://github.com/1100101)
+- **lnkgo**: [Remove extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/fa83d0b36bc43d30fe9241c1e923f4614864b758) ([#10904](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10904)) by [naglis](https://github.com/naglis)
+- **loom**: [Fix m3u8 formats extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7509d692b37a7ec6230ea75bfe1e44a8de5eefce) ([#10760](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10760)) by [kclauhk](https://github.com/kclauhk)
+- **mediaklikk**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e2b3634e299be9c16a247ece3b1858d83889c324) ([#11083](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11083)) by [szantnerb](https://github.com/szantnerb)
+- **mojevideo**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/28b0ecba2af5b4919f198474b3d00a76ef322c31) ([#11019](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11019)) by [04-pasha-04](https://github.com/04-pasha-04), [pzhlkj6612](https://github.com/pzhlkj6612)
+- **niconico**: [Fix m3u8 formats extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/eabb4680fdb09ba1f48d174a700a2e3b43f82add) ([#11103](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11103)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **nzz**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4a9bc8c3630378bc29f0266126b503f6190c0430) ([#10461](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10461)) by [1-Byte](https://github.com/1-Byte)
+- **patreoncampaign**: [Support API URLs](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/232e6db30c474d1b387e405342f34173ceeaf832) ([#10734](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10734)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [hibes](https://github.com/hibes)
+- **pinterest**: [Extend `_VALID_URL`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c8c078fe28b0ffc15ef9646346c00c592fe71a78) ([#10867](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10867)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [sahilsinghss73](https://github.com/sahilsinghss73)
+- **radiko**: [Extract unique `id` values](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c8d096c5ce111411fbdbe2abb8fed54f317a6182) ([#10726](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10726)) by [garret1317](https://github.com/garret1317)
+- **rtp**: [Support more subpages](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d02df303d8e49390599db9f34482697e4d1cf5b2) ([#10787](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10787)) by [Demon000](https://github.com/Demon000)
+- **rumblechannel**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ad0b857f459a6d390fbf124183916218c52f223a) ([#11049](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11049)) by [tony-hn](https://github.com/tony-hn)
+- **rutube**: [Support livestreams](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/41be32e78c3845000dbac188ffb90ea3ea7c4dfa) ([#10844](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10844)) by [pzhlkj6612](https://github.com/pzhlkj6612)
+- **samplefocus**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/46f4c80bc363ee8116c33d37f65202e6c3470954) ([#10947](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10947)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **screenrec**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/36f9e602ad55679764bc75a4f67f7562b1d6adcf) ([#10917](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10917)) by [naglis](https://github.com/naglis)
+- **sen**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/41a241ca6ffb95b3d9aaf4f42106ca8cba9af1a6) ([#10952](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10952)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **servus**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/300c91274f7ea5b1b0528fc5ee11cf1a61d4079e) ([#10944](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10944)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **snapchatspotlight**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b37417e4f934fd8909788b493d017777155b0ae5) ([#11030](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11030)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **svtpage**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/5a8a05aebb49693e78e1123015837ed5e961ff76) ([#11010](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11010)) by [diman8](https://github.com/diman8)
+- **tenplay**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d8d473002b654ab0e7b97ead869f58b4361eeae1) ([#10928](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10928)) by [aarubui](https://github.com/aarubui)
+- **tiktok**: [Fix web formats extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/3ad0b7f422d547204df687b6d0b2d9110fff3990) ([#11074](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11074)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **twitter**: spaces: [Support video spaces](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/bef1d4d6fc9493fda7f75e2289c07c507d10092f) ([#10789](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10789)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **vidflex**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e978c312d6550a6ae4c9df18001afb1b420cb72f) ([#10002](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10002)) by [pzhlkj6612](https://github.com/pzhlkj6612)
+- **vimeo**
+    - [Always try to extract original format](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4115c24d157c5b5f63089d75c4e0f51d1f8b4489) ([#10721](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10721)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly) (With fixes in [e8e6a98](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e8e6a982a1b659eed434d225d7922f632bac6568) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev))
+    - [Fix HLS audio format sorting](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a1b4ac2b8ed8e6eaa56044d439f1e0d00c2ba218) ([#11082](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11082)) by [fireattack](https://github.com/fireattack)
+- **watchespn**: [Improve auth support](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7adff8caf152dcf96d03aff69ed8545c0a63567c) ([#10910](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10910)) by [ischmidt20](https://github.com/ischmidt20)
+- **wistia**: [Support password-protected videos](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/9f5c9a90898c5a1e672922d9cd799716c73cee34) ([#11100](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11100)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **ximalaya**: [Add VIP support](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/3dfd720d098b4d49d69cfc77e6376f22bcd90934) ([#10832](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10832)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev), [xingchensong](https://github.com/xingchensong)
+- **xinpianchang**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/3aa0156e05662923d130ddbc1c82596e38c01a00) ([#10950](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10950)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **yleareena**: [Support podcasts](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/48d629d461e05b1b19f5e53dc959bb9ebe95da42) ([#11104](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11104)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **youtube**
+    - [Add `po_token`, `visitor_data`, `data_sync_id` extractor args](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/3a3bd00037e9908e87da4fa9f2ad772aa34dc60e) ([#10648](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10648)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev) (With fixes in [fa2be9a](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/fa2be9a7c63babede07480151363e54eee5702bd) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly))
+    - [Support excluding `player_client`s in extractor-arg](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/49f3741a820ed142f6866317c2e7d247b130960e) ([#10710](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10710)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - clip: [Prioritize `https` formats](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/1d84b780cf33a1d84756825ac23f990a905703df) ([#11102](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11102)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - tab: [Fix shorts tab extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/9431777b4c37129a6093080c77ca59960afbb9d7) ([#10938](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10938)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+
+#### Networking changes
+- [Fix handler not being added to RequestError](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d1c4d88b2d912e8da5e76db455562ca63b1af690) ([#10955](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10955)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+- [Pin `curl-cffi` version to < 0.7.2](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/5bb1aa04dafce13ba9de707ea53169fab58b5207) ([#11092](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11092)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **Request Handler**: websockets: [Upgrade websockets to 13.0](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/6f9e6537434562d513d0c9b68ced8a61ade94a64) ([#10815](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10815)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+
+#### Misc. changes
+- **build**
+    - [Bump PyInstaller version pin to `>=6.10.0`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/fb8b7f226d251e521a89b23c415e249e5b788e5c) ([#10709](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10709)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Pin `delocate` version for `macos`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7e41628ff523b3fe373b0981a5db441358980dab) ([#10901](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10901)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **ci**
+    - [Add comment sanitization workflow](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b6200bdcf3a9415ae36859188f9a57e3e461c696) ([#10915](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10915)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+    - [Add issue tracker anti-spam protection](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ad9a8115aa29a1a95c961b16fcf129a228d98f50) ([#10861](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10861)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **cleanup**: Miscellaneous: [c6387ab](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c6387abc1af9842bb0541288a5610abba9b1ab51) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [Codenade](https://github.com/Codenade), [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz), [grqz](https://github.com/grqz), [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K), [pzhlkj6612](https://github.com/pzhlkj6612), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+
+### 2024.08.06
+
+#### Core changes
+- **jsinterp**: [Improve `slice` implementation](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/bb8bf1db993f59752d20b73b861bd55e40cf0e31) ([#10664](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10664)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+
+#### Extractor changes
+- **discoveryplusitaly**: [Support sport and olympics URLs](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e7d73bc4531ee3f91a46b15e218dcc1fbeb6226c) ([#10655](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10655)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **gem.cbc.ca**: live: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/fc5eecfa31c9571b6031cc3968aaa0394be55d7a) ([#10565](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10565)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [scribblemaniac](https://github.com/scribblemaniac)
+- **niconico**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4d9231208332d4c32364b8cd814bff8b20232cae) ([#10677](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10677)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **olympics**: [Fix extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/919540a9644e55deb78cdd6751757ec8fdaf76f4) ([#10625](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10625)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **youku**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0088c6de23d832b117061a33e984dc452d992e9c) ([#10626](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10626)) by [hugepower](https://github.com/hugepower)
+- **youtube**
+    - [Change default player clients to `ios,web_creator`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/406f4c2e47502fffc1b0c210b4ee6487c89a44cb) ([#10674](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10674)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Fix `n` function name extraction for player `b12cc44b`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c86891eb9434b4d7eec426d38c0c625b5e13cb2f) ([#10668](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10668)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+
+### 2024.08.01
+
+#### Core changes
+- **utils**: `unified_timestamp`: [Recognize Sunday](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/6daf2c27c0464fba98337be30de0b66d520d0db1) ([#10589](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10589)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+
+#### Extractor changes
+- **abematv**: [Fix availability extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ef36d517f9b05785d61abca7691d9ab7d63cc75c) ([#10569](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10569)) by [middlingphys](https://github.com/middlingphys)
+- **cbc.ca**: player: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/94a1c5e642e468cebeb51f74c6c220434cb47d96) ([#10302](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10302)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [trainman261](https://github.com/trainman261)
+- **discoveryplus**: [Support olympics URLs](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0b7728618417e1aa382722a4d29b916b594d4459) ([#10566](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10566)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **kick**: clips: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/bb3936ae2b3ce96d0b53f9e17cad1082058f032b) ([#10572](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10572)) by [luvyana](https://github.com/luvyana)
+- **learningonscreen**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/fe15d3178e242803ae7a934b90137f13598eba2e) ([#10590](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10590)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+- **mediaklikk**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7e3e4779ad13e4511c9ba3869879e53f0267bd7a) ([#10605](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10605)) by [szantnerb](https://github.com/szantnerb)
+- **mlbtv**: [Fix makeup game extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4b69e1b53ea21e631cd5dd68ff531e2f1671ec17) ([#10607](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10607)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **olympics**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/2f1ddfe12a2c174bc777264c5c8ffe7ca0922d94) ([#10604](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10604)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **tva**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/28d485714fef88937c82635438afba5db81f9089) ([#10567](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10567)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **tver**: [Support olympic URLs](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/5260696b1cba77161828941fdb38f09f14ac6c60) ([#10600](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10600)) by [vvto33](https://github.com/vvto33)
+- **vimeo**: review: [Fix password-protected video extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/2b6df93a243bdfb9d6bb5c1e18020625cd02d465) ([#10598](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10598)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **youtube**
+    - [Change default player clients to `ios,tv`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/efb42763dec23ccf6a2e3bac3afbfefce8efd012) ([#10457](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10457)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+    - [Fix `n` function name extraction for player `20dfca59`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/011b4a04db2a636c3ef0a0ad4e2d3ae482c9fd76) ([#10611](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10611)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Fix age-verification workaround](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d19fcb934269465fd707e68a87f735ec6983e93d) ([#10610](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10610)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+    - [Player client maintenance](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0e539617a41913c7da1edd74fb6543c10ad727b3) ([#10573](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10573)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+
+#### Misc. changes
+- **cleanup**: Miscellaneous: [ffd7781](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ffd7781d6588926f820b44a34b9e6e3068fb9f97) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+
+### 2024.07.25
+
+#### Extractor changes
+- **abematv**: [Adapt key retrieval to request handler framework](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a3bab4752a2b3d56e5a59b4e0411bb8f695c010b) ([#10491](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10491)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **facebook**: [Fix extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/1a34a802f44a1dab8f642c79c3cc810e21541d3b) ([#10531](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10531)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **mlbtv**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f0993391e6052ec8f7aacc286609564f226943b9) ([#10515](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10515)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **tiktok**: [Fix and deprioritize JSON subtitles](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/2f97779f335ac069ecccd9c7bf81abf4a83cfe7a) ([#10516](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10516)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **vimeo**: [Fix chapters extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a0a1bc3d8d8e3bb9a48a06e835815a0460e90e77) ([#10544](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10544)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **youtube**: [Fix `n` function name extraction for player `3400486c`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/713b4cd18f00556771af8cfdd9cea6cc1a09e948) ([#10542](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10542)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+
+#### Misc. changes
+- **build**: [Pin `setuptools` version](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e046db8a116b1c320d4785daadd48ea0b22a3987) ([#10493](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10493)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+
+### 2024.07.16
+
+#### Core changes
+- [Fix `noprogress` if `test=True` with `--quiet` and `--verbose`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/66ce3d76d87af3f81cc9dfec4be4704016cb1cdb) ([#10454](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10454)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+- [Support `auto-tty` and `no_color-tty` for `--color`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d9cbced493cae2008508d94a2db5dd98be7c01fc) ([#10453](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10453)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+- **update**: [Fix network error handling](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ed1b9ed93dd90d2cc960c0d8eaa9d919db224203) ([#10486](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10486)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **utils**: `parse_codecs`: [Fix parsing of mixed case codec strings](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/cc0070f6496e501d77352bad475fb02d6a86846a) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+
+#### Extractor changes
+- **adn**: [Adjust for .com domain change](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/959b7a379b8e5da059d110a63339c964b6265736) ([#10399](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10399)) by [infanf](https://github.com/infanf)
+- **afreecatv**: [Fix login and use `legacy_ssl`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4cd41469243624d90b7a2009b95cbe0609343efe) ([#10440](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10440)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **box**: [Support enterprise URLs](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/705f5b84dec75cc7af97f42fd1530e8062735970) ([#10419](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10419)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **digitalconcerthall**: [Extract HEVC and FLAC formats](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e62fa6b0e0186f8c5666c2c5ab64cf191abdafc1) ([#10470](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10470)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **dplay**: [Fix extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/39e6c4cb44b9292e89ac0afec3cd0afc2ae8775f) ([#10471](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10471)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **epidemicsound**: [Support sound effects URLs](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/8531d2b03bac9cc746f2ee8098aaf8f115505f5b) ([#10436](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10436)) by [iancmy](https://github.com/iancmy)
+- **generic**: [Fix direct video link extensions](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b9afb99e7c34d0eb15ddc6689cd7d20eebfda68e) ([#10468](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10468)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **picarto**: [Fix extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/bacd18b7df08b4995644fd12cee1f8c8e8636bc7) ([#10414](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10414)) by [Frankgoji](https://github.com/Frankgoji)
+- **soundcloud**: permalink, user: [Extract tracks only](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/22870b81bad97dfa6307a7add44753b2dffc76a9) ([#10463](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10463)) by [DunnesH](https://github.com/DunnesH)
+- **tiktok**: live: [Fix room ID extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d2189d3d36987ebeac426fd70a60a5fe86325a2b) ([#10408](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10408)) by [mokrueger](https://github.com/mokrueger)
+- **tv5monde**: [Support browser impersonation](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/9b95a6765a5f6325af99c4aca961587f0c426e8c) ([#10417](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10417)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly) (With fixes in [cc1a309](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/cc1a3098c00995c6aebc2a16bd1050a66bad64db))
+- **youtube**
+    - [Avoid poToken experiment player responses](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/8b8b442cb005a8d85315f301615f83fb736b967a) ([#10456](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10456)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev) (With fixes in [16da8ef](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/16da8ef9937ff76632dfef02e5062c5ba99c8ea2))
+    - [Invalidate nsig cache from < 2024.07.09](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/04e17ba20a139f1b3e30ec4bafa3fba26888f0b3) ([#10401](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10401)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Reduce android client priority](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b85eef0a615a01304f88a3847309c667e09a20df) ([#10467](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10467)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+
+#### Networking changes
+- [Add `legacy_ssl` request extension](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/150ecc45d9cacc919550c13b04fd998ac5103a6b) ([#10448](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10448)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+- **Request Handler**: curl_cffi: [Support `curl_cffi` 0.7.X](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/42bfca00a6b460fc053514cdd7ac6f5b5daddf0c) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+
+#### Misc. changes
+- **build**
+    - [Include `curl_cffi` in `yt-dlp_linux`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4521f30d1479315cd5c3bf4abdad19391952df98) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Pin `curl-cffi` to 0.5.10 for Windows](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ac30941ae682f71eab010877c9a977736a61d3cf) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **cleanup**: Miscellaneous: [89a161e](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/89a161e8c62569a662deda1c948664152efcb6b4) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+
+### 2024.07.09
+
+#### Core changes
+- [Do not alter default format selection when simulated](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0b570f2a90ce2363ba06089217514d644e7be2e0) ([#9862](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9862)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+
+#### Extractor changes
+- **youtube**: [Remove broken `n` function extraction fallback](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7ead7332af69422cee931aec3faa277288e9e212) ([#10396](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10396)) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+
+### 2024.07.08
+
+#### Core changes
+- **jsinterp**: [Implement `Function.prototype` resolving for `call` and `apply`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/6c056ea7aeb03660281653a9668547f2548f194f) ([#10392](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10392)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+
+#### Extractor changes
+- **soundcloud**: [Fix rate-limit handling](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4b50b292cc98534fb8c7cdf0ae5cb85862f7ebfc) ([#10389](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10389)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **youtube**: [Fix JS `n` function name extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/297b0a379282a15c80d82d51f3757c961db2dae1) ([#10390](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10390)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+
+### 2024.07.07
+
+#### Important changes
+- Security: [[ie/douyutv] Do not use dangerous javascript source/URL](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/security/advisories/GHSA-3v33-3wmw-3785)
+    - A dependency on potentially malicious third-party JavaScript code has been removed from the Douyu extractors
+
+#### Core changes
+- [Address gaps in allowed extensions](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/2469119490d7e0397ebbf5c5ae327316f955eef2) ([#10362](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10362)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- [Fix `--ignore-no-formats-error`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/cc767e9490056efaaa11c186b0d032e4b4969180) ([#10345](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10345)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+
+#### Extractor changes
+- **abematv**: [Extract availability](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/2a1a1b8e67e864289ac7ba5d05ec63dbb19a639f) ([#10348](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10348)) by [middlingphys](https://github.com/middlingphys)
+- **chzzk**: [Extract with API v3](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4862a29854d4044120e3f97b52199711ad04bee1) ([#10363](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10363)) by [hui1601](https://github.com/hui1601)
+- **douyutv**: [Do not use dangerous javascript source/URL](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/6075a029dba70a89675ae1250e7cdfd91f0eba41) ([#10347](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10347)) by [LeSuisse](https://github.com/LeSuisse)
+- **jiosaavn**: playlist: [Support featured playlists](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f0f867f008a1728f5f6ac1224b9e014b5d27f817) ([#10382](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10382)) by [harbhim](https://github.com/harbhim)
+- **vidyard**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/00766ece0c5c7a80781a4ff677198c5fb69d9dc0) ([#10155](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10155)) by [exterrestris](https://github.com/exterrestris)
+- **vimeo**: [Fix password-protected video extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c1c9bb4adb42d0d93a2fb5d93a7de0a87b6ba884) ([#10341](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10341)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **vtv**: [Add extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/987a1f94c24275f2b0cd82e719956687415dd732) ([#10173](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10173)) by [DinhHuy2010](https://github.com/DinhHuy2010)
+- **yle_areena**
+    - [Fix metadata extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4cdc976bd861b5835601ae402bef543eacd88f3d) ([#10380](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10380)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+    - [Fix subtitle extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0d174e8bed32081eb38ef7f5d1a1282ae154f517) ([#10379](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10379)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+
+#### Misc. changes
+- **cleanup**: Miscellaneous: [b337d29](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b337d2989ce0614651d363383f6f743d977248ef) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+
+### 2024.07.02
+
+#### Core changes
+- [Fix `--compat-opt allow-unsafe-ext`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/773bbb181506856ffda95496ab60c1c9603f1f71) ([#10336](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10336)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [rdamas](https://github.com/rdamas)
+
+#### Extractor changes
+- **banbye**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7509791385ba88cb7ec0ab17e826681f4af4b66e) ([#10332](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10332)) by [PatrykMis](https://github.com/PatrykMis), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **murrtube**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/6403530e2dfe259a87afe444708c4f3024cc45b8) ([#9249](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9249)) by [DrakoCpp](https://github.com/DrakoCpp)
+- **zaiko**: [Support JWT video URLs](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7799e518956387bb3c1064c9beae26eab8d5044a) ([#10130](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10130)) by [pzhlkj6612](https://github.com/pzhlkj6612)
+
+#### Postprocessor changes
+- **embedthumbnail**: [Fix embedding with mutagen](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d502f4c6d95b74896f40070d07229997f0850f31) ([#10337](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10337)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+
+#### Misc. changes
+- **cleanup**: Miscellaneous: [93d33cb](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/93d33cb29af9e2e84369ac43589d50ce8e0160ef) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+
+### 2024.07.01
+
+#### Important changes
+- Security: [[CVE-2024-38519](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-38519)] [Properly sanitize file-extension to prevent file system modification and RCE](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/security/advisories/GHSA-79w7-vh3h-8g4j)
+    - Unsafe extensions are now blocked from being downloaded
+
+#### Core changes
+- [Add `playlist_channel` and `playlist_channel_id` fields](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/55e3e6fd21e741ec5ae3d8624de5e5ea345810eb) ([#10266](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10266)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- [Disallow unsafe extensions (CVE-2024-38519)](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/5ce582448ececb8d9c30c8c31f58330090ced03a) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+- **cookies**: [Fix `--cookies-from-browser` DE detection on Linux](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a8520244b8642880e4d35925e9e49eff94d548de) ([#10237](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10237)) by [peisenwang](https://github.com/peisenwang)
+
+#### Extractor changes
+- **afreecatv**
+    - [Support browser impersonation](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e8352ad6599de7b5371dc39a1a1edc7890aaedb4) ([#10174](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10174)) by [hui1601](https://github.com/hui1601)
+    - catchstory: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/054a3ba7d1293f9fbe21800d62d1e5ddcbded238) ([#10235](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10235)) by [hui1601](https://github.com/hui1601)
+- **bilibili**: [Support legacy formats](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/1d6ab17d0752ee9cf19e3e63c7dec7b600d3f228) ([#9117](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9117)) by [c-basalt](https://github.com/c-basalt), [GD-Slime](https://github.com/GD-Slime)
+- **bitchute**: [Fix extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/5b1a2aa978d0074cee278e7659f32f52ecc4ab53) ([#10301](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10301)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **brightcove**: [Upgrade requests to HTTPS](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/90c3721a322756bb7f4ca10ceb73744500bee37e) ([#10202](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10202)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **cloudflarestream**: [Fix `_VALID_URL` and embed extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7aa322c02cec54eb77154a89da7e400194f0bd03) ([#10215](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10215)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **cloudycdn**: [Fix formats extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b758877afa225747fba81c8a580e27583a231734) ([#10271](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10271)) by [Caesim404](https://github.com/Caesim404)
+- **digitalconcerthall**: [Rework extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/2a4f2e82dbeeb0c9130883c83dac689d5260c871) ([#10152](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10152)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev), [tippfehlr](https://github.com/tippfehlr)
+- **facebook**: reel: [Fix extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/8ca1d57ed08d00efa117820a5a82f763b20e2d1d) ([#10232](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10232)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **francetv**
+    - [Detect and raise errors for DRM](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/3690c2f59827c79a1bbe388a7c1ae75db7477db2) ([#10165](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10165)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/081708d6074dfbb907e25af61ba530bba0d4b31d) ([#10177](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10177)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **generic**: [Add `key_query` extractor-arg](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/5dbac313ae4e3e8521dfe2e1a6a048a98ff4b4fe) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **graspop**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/1d369b4096d79233e0ac2c93762746a64d7a69c8) ([#10268](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10268)) by [Niluge-KiWi](https://github.com/Niluge-KiWi)
+- **jiocinema**: series: [Fix extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/61714f46956f61612032bba857aed7ad1387eccd) ([#10139](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10139)) by [varunchopra](https://github.com/varunchopra)
+- **khanacademy**: [Fix extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4093eb1fcc29a0e2aea9adfcba479787d9ae0c0c) ([#9136](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9136)) by [c-basalt](https://github.com/c-basalt)
+- **laracasts**: [Add extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b8da8a98f897599095d4ef1644b8c5fd39921118) ([#10055](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10055)) by [ASertacAkkaya](https://github.com/ASertacAkkaya), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **matchtv**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f3411af12e209bc5624e1ac31271b8aabe2d3c90) ([#10190](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10190)) by [megumintyan](https://github.com/megumintyan)
+- **mediasite**: [Fix extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0953209a857c51648aee89d205c086b0e1dd3864) ([#10273](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10273)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **microsoftembed**: [Add extractors for dev materials](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/9200bc70c94546b2191bb6fbfc9cea98a919cc56) ([#9177](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9177)) by [c-basalt](https://github.com/c-basalt)
+- **mlbtv**: [Fix extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/61edf57f8f13f6dfd81154174e647eb5fdd26089) ([#10296](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10296)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **neteasemusic**: [Extract more formats from new API](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7a03f88c40b80d3cf54f68edd9d4bdd6aa527570) ([#10258](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10258)) by [hafeoz](https://github.com/hafeoz)
+- **nhkradiru**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b8e2a5e0e1030076f833917906e19bb6c7b318f6) ([#10106](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10106)) by [garret1317](https://github.com/garret1317)
+- **nuum**: [Fix formats extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/aefede25561a06cba398d4f593eee2fbe942693b) ([#10316](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10316)) by [DmitryScaletta](https://github.com/DmitryScaletta)
+- **orf**
+    - on
+        - [Add `prefer_segments_playlist` extractor-arg](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e6a22834df1776ec4e486526f6df2bf53cb7e06f) ([#10314](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10314)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+        - [Support segmented episodes](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/8b46ad4d8b8ee8c5472af0cde863baa89ca3f425) ([#10053](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10053)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **patreoncampaign**: [Fix `campaign_id` extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/2e5a47da400b645aadbda6afd1156bd89c744f48) ([#10070](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10070)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **podbayfm**: [Fix extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d4b52ce3fcb8d9578ed12365648eaba8718c603e) ([#10195](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10195)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **pokergo**: [Make metadata extraction non-fatal](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/36e8dd832579b5375a0f6626af4268b86b4eb21a) ([#10319](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10319)) by [axpauls](https://github.com/axpauls)
+- **qqmusic**: [Fix extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4f5d7be3c5590bb257d8ff521572aee9839ab754) ([#9768](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9768)) by [c-basalt](https://github.com/c-basalt)
+- **rtvslo.si**: show: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/92a1c4abaeeba9a69d611c57b73555cb1a1f00ad) ([#8418](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/8418)) by [JSubelj](https://github.com/JSubelj), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **soundcloud**: [Fix `download` format extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e53e56b73543799638fa6abb0c78f8b091aa84e1) ([#10125](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10125)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **sproutvideo**: [Add extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d6c2c2bc84f1434255be5c73baeb17d893d2c0d4) ([#10098](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10098)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [TheZ3ro](https://github.com/TheZ3ro)
+- **tiktok**
+    - [Detect and raise when login is required](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ea88129784fcbb6987161df9ba05909325d8e2e9) ([#10124](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10124)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Fix API extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/96472d72f29550c25c5dcedcde02c38c192b0011) ([#10216](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10216)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **tubitv**
+    - [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/bef9a9e5361fd7a72e21d0f1a8c8afb70d89e8c5) ([#9975](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9975)) by [chilinux](https://github.com/chilinux)
+    - series: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d7d861811c15585a4f7ec9d5ae68d2ac28de28a0) ([#10116](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10116)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **vimeo**: [Support browser impersonation](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d4b99a233314bf31f9c842035ea9884673d5313a) ([#10327](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10327)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **youtube**
+    - [Extract all formats from multi-language m3u8s](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/9bd85019931927a99b0fe0dc58ac51acca9fbe72) ([#9875](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9875)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [clienthax](https://github.com/clienthax)
+    - [Skip formats if nsig decoding fails](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/800ec085ccf98420584d8bb38c20a2c079669b09) ([#10223](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10223)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Suppress "Unavailable videos are hidden" warning](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/24f3097ea9a470a984d0454dc013cafa2325f5f8) ([#10159](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10159)) by [mgedmin](https://github.com/mgedmin)
+    - tab: [Fix channel metadata extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a0d9967f6822fc279e86bce33464194985148727) ([#10071](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10071)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [shoxie007](https://github.com/shoxie007)
+
+#### Downloader changes
+- **hls**: [Apply `extra_param_to_key_url` from info dict](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ca8885edd93bdf8912af6c22ee335b6222cb9ba9) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+
+#### Postprocessor changes
+- **embedthumbnail**: [Fix postprocessor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f2a4ea1794718e4dc0148bc172cb877f1080903b) ([#10248](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10248)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+
+#### Networking changes
+- **Request Handler**: requests: [Bump minimum `requests` version to 2.32.2](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/db50f19d76c6870a5a13d0cab9287d684fd7449a) ([#10079](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10079)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+
+#### Misc. changes
+- **build**
+    - [Bump Pyinstaller to `>=6.7.0` for all builds](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/5fdd13006a1c5d78642c8d3c4c7df0448273c2ae) ([#10069](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10069)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+    - [Cache dependencies for `macos` job](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/46c1b7cfec1d0e6155083ca7e6948674c64ecb97) ([#10088](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10088)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Use `macos-12` image for `yt-dlp_macos`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/03334d639d5282cd4107edb32c623ba400262fc4) ([#10063](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10063)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **cleanup**
+    - [Add more ruff rules](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/add96eb9f84cfffe85682bf2fb85135746994ee8) ([#10149](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10149)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+    - [Bump ruff to 0.5.x](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7814c50948a2b9a4c746441ecbc509ae563d5d1f) ([#10282](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10282)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+    - Miscellaneous: [6aaf96a](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/6aaf96a3d6e7d0d426e97e11a2fcf52fda00e733) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [c-basalt](https://github.com/c-basalt), [jucor](https://github.com/jucor), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **test**: download: [Raise on network errors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/54a63e80af82791d2f0985bd0176bb182963fd5f) ([#10283](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10283)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+
+### 2024.05.27
+
+#### Extractor changes
+- [Fix parsing of base URL in SMIL manifest](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/26603d0b34898818992bee4598e0607c07059511) ([#9225](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9225)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **peertube**: [Support livestreams](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/12b248ce60be1aa1362edd839d915bba70dbee4b) ([#10044](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10044)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [trueauracoral](https://github.com/trueauracoral)
+- **piksel**: [Update domain](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ae2194e1dd4a99d32eb3cab7c48a0ff03101ef3b) ([#9223](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9223)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **tiktok**: user: [Fix extraction loop](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c53c2e40fde8f2e15c7c62f8ca1a5d9e90ddc079) ([#10035](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10035)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+
+#### Misc. changes
+- **cleanup**: Miscellaneous: [5e3e19c](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/5e3e19c93c52830da98d9d1ed84ea7a559efefbd) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+
+### 2024.05.26
+
+#### Core changes
+- [Better warning when requested subs format not found](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7e4259dff0b681a3f0e8a930799ce0394328c86e) ([#9873](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9873)) by [DaPotato69](https://github.com/DaPotato69)
+- [Merged with youtube-dl a08f2b7](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a4da9db87b6486b270c15dfa07ab5bfedc83f6bd) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+- [Warn if lack of ffmpeg alters format selection](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/96da9525043f78aca4544d01761b13b2140e9ae6) ([#9805](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9805)) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **cookies**
+    - [Add `--cookies-from-browser` support for Whale](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/dd9ad97b1fbdd36c086b8ba82328a4d954f78f8e) ([#9649](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9649)) by [roeniss](https://github.com/roeniss)
+    - [Get chrome session cookies with `--cookies-from-browser`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f1f158976e38d38a260762accafe7bbe6d451151) ([#9747](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9747)) by [StefanLobbenmeier](https://github.com/StefanLobbenmeier)
+- **windows**: [Improve shell quoting and tests](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/64766459e37451b665c1464073c28361fbcf1c25) ([#9802](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9802)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K) (With fixes in [7e26bd5](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7e26bd53f9c5893518fde81dfd0079ec08dd841e))
+
+#### Extractor changes
+- [Add POST data hash to `--write-pages` filenames](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/61b17437dc14a1c7e90ff48a6198df77828c6df4) ([#9879](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9879)) by [minamotorin](https://github.com/minamotorin) (With fixes in [c999bac](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c999bac02c5a4f755b2a82488a975e91c988ffd8) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly))
+- [Make `_search_nextjs_data` non fatal](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/3ee1194288981c4f2c4abd8315326de0c424d2ce) ([#8937](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/8937)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+- **afreecatv**: live: [Add `cdn` extractor-arg](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/315b3544296bb83012e20ee3af9d3cbf5600dd1c) ([#9666](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9666)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **alura**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/fc2879ecb05aaad36869609d154e4321362c1f63) ([#9658](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9658)) by [hugohaa](https://github.com/hugohaa)
+- **artetv**: [Label forced subtitles](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7b5674949fd03a33b47b67b31d56a5adf1c48c91) ([#9945](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9945)) by [vtexier](https://github.com/vtexier)
+- **bbc**: [Fix and extend extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7975ddf245d22af034d5b983eeb1c5ec6c2ce053) ([#9705](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9705)) by [dirkf](https://github.com/dirkf), [kylegustavo](https://github.com/kylegustavo), [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+- **bilibili**: [Fix `--geo-verification-proxy` support](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/2338827072dacab0f15348b70aec8685feefc8d1) ([#9817](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9817)) by [fireattack](https://github.com/fireattack)
+- **bilibilispacevideo**
+    - [Better error message](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/06d52c87314e0bbc16c43c405090843885577b88) ([#9839](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9839)) by [fireattack](https://github.com/fireattack)
+    - [Fix extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4cc99d7b6cce8b39506ead01407445d576b63ee4) ([#9905](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9905)) by [c-basalt](https://github.com/c-basalt)
+- **boosty**: [Add cookies support](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/145dc6f6563e80d2da1b3e9aea2ffa795b71622c) ([#9522](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9522)) by [RasmusAntons](https://github.com/RasmusAntons)
+- **brilliantpala**: [Fix login](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/eead3bbc01f6529862bdad1f0b2adeabda4f006e) ([#9788](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9788)) by [pzhlkj6612](https://github.com/pzhlkj6612)
+- **canalalpha**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/00a9f2e1f7fa69499221f2e8dd73a08efeef79bc) ([#9675](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9675)) by [kclauhk](https://github.com/kclauhk)
+- **cbc.ca**: player: [Improve `_VALID_URL`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c8bf48f3a8fa29587e7c73ef5a7710385a5ea725) ([#9866](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9866)) by [carusocr](https://github.com/carusocr)
+- **cda**: [Fix age-gated web extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/6d8a53d870ff6795f509085bfbf3981417999038) ([#9939](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9939)) by [dirkf](https://github.com/dirkf), [emqi](https://github.com/emqi), [Podiumnoche](https://github.com/Podiumnoche), [Szpachlarz](https://github.com/Szpachlarz)
+- **commonmistakes**: [Raise error on blob URLs](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/98d71d8c5e5dab08b561ee6f137e968d2a004262) ([#9897](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9897)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **crunchyroll**
+    - [Always make metadata available](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/cb2fb4a643949322adba561ca73bcba3221ec0c5) ([#9772](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9772)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Fix auth and remove cookies support](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ff38a011d57b763f3a69bebd25a5dc9044a717ce) ([#9749](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9749)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Fix stream extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f2816634e3be88fe158b342ee33918de3c272a54) ([#10005](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10005)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Support browser impersonation](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/5904853ae5788509fdc4892cb7ecdfa9ae7f78e6) ([#9857](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9857)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **dangalplay**: [Add extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0d067e77c3f5527946fb0c22ee1c7011994cba40) ([#10021](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10021)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **discoveryplus**: [Fix dmax.de and related extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/90d2da311bbb5dc06f385ee428c7e4590936e995) ([#10020](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10020)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **eplus**: [Handle URLs without videos](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/351dc0bc334c4e1b5f00c152818c3ec0ed71f788) ([#9855](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9855)) by [pzhlkj6612](https://github.com/pzhlkj6612)
+- **europarlwebstream**: [Support new URL format](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/800a43983e5fb719526ce4cb3956216085c63268) ([#9647](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9647)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev), [voidful](https://github.com/voidful)
+- **facebook**: [Fix DASH formats extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e3b42d8b1b8bcfff7ba146c19fc3f6f6ba843cea) ([#9734](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9734)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **godresource**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/65e709d23530959075816e966c42179ad46e8e3b) ([#9629](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9629)) by [HobbyistDev](https://github.com/HobbyistDev)
+- **googledrive**: [Fix formats extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/85ec2a337ac325cf6427cbafd56f0a034c1a5218) ([#9908](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9908)) by [WyohKnott](https://github.com/WyohKnott)
+- **hearthisat**: [Improve `_VALID_URL`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/5bbfdb7c999b22f1aeca0c3489c167d6eb73013b) ([#9949](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9949)) by [bohwaz](https://github.com/bohwaz), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **hytale**: [Use `CloudflareStreamIE` explicitly](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/31b417e1d1ccc67d5c027bf8878f483dc34cb118) ([#9672](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9672)) by [llamasblade](https://github.com/llamasblade)
+- **instagram**: [Support `/reels/` URLs](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/06cb0638392b607b47d3c2ac48eb2ebecb0f060d) ([#9539](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9539)) by [amir16yp](https://github.com/amir16yp)
+- **jiocinema**: [Add extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/1463945ae5fb05986a0bd1aa02e41d1a08d93a02) ([#10026](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10026)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **jiosaavn**: [Extract via API and fix playlists](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0c21c53885cf03f4040467ae8c44d7ff51016116) ([#9656](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9656)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **lci**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/5a2eebc76770fca91ffabeff658d560f716fec80) ([#10025](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10025)) by [ocococococ](https://github.com/ocococococ)
+- **mixch**: [Extract comments](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b38018b781b062d5169d104ab430489aef8e7f1e) ([#9860](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9860)) by [pzhlkj6612](https://github.com/pzhlkj6612)
+- **moviepilot**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/296df0da1d38a44d34c99b60a18066c301774537) ([#9366](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9366)) by [panatexxa](https://github.com/panatexxa)
+- **netease**: program: [Improve `--no-playlist` message](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/73f12119b52d98281804b0c072b2ed6aa841ec88) ([#9488](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9488)) by [pzhlkj6612](https://github.com/pzhlkj6612)
+- **nfb**: [Fix extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0a1a8e3005f66c44bf67633dccd4df19c3fccd1a) ([#9650](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9650)) by [rrgomes](https://github.com/rrgomes)
+- **ntslive**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/be7db1a5a8c483726c511c30ea4689cbb8b27962) ([#9641](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9641)) by [lostfictions](https://github.com/lostfictions)
+- **orf**: on: [Improve extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0dd53faeca2ba0ce138e4092d07b5f2dbf2422f9) ([#9677](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9677)) by [TuxCoder](https://github.com/TuxCoder)
+- **orftvthek**: [Remove extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/3779f2a307ba3ef1d28e107cdd71b221dfb4eb36) ([#10011](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10011)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **patreon**
+    - [Extract multiple embeds](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/036e0d92c6052465673d459678322ea03e61483d) ([#9850](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9850)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Fix Vimeo embed extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c9ce57d9bf51541da2381d99bc096a9d0ddf1f27) ([#9712](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9712)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **piapro**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/3ba8de62d61d782256f5c1e9939a0762039657de) ([#9311](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9311)) by [FinnRG](https://github.com/FinnRG), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **pornhub**: [Fix login by email address](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/518c1afc1592cae3e4eb39dc646b5bc059333112) ([#9914](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9914)) by [feederbox826](https://github.com/feederbox826)
+- **qub**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/6b54cccdcb892bca3e55993480d8b86f1c7e6da6) ([#7019](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7019)) by [alexhuot1](https://github.com/alexhuot1), [dirkf](https://github.com/dirkf)
+- **reddit**: [Fix subtitles extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/82f4f4444e26daf35b7302c406fe2312f78f619e) ([#10006](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10006)) by [kclauhk](https://github.com/kclauhk)
+- **soundcloud**
+    - [Add `formats` extractor-arg](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/beaf832c7a9d57833f365ce18f6115b88071b296) ([#10004](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10004)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+    - [Extract `genres`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/231c2eacc41b06b65c63edf94c0d04768a5da607) ([#9821](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9821)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **taptap**: [Add extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/63b569bc5e7d461753637a20ad84a575adee4c0a) ([#9776](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9776)) by [c-basalt](https://github.com/c-basalt)
+- **tele5**: [Overhaul extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c92e4e625e9e6bbbbf8e3b20c3e7ebe57c16072d) ([#10024](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10024)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **theatercomplextown**: [Fix extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/8056a3026ed6ec6a6d0ed56fdd7ebcd16e928341) ([#9754](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9754)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **tiktok**
+    - [Add `device_id` extractor-arg](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/3584b8390bd21c0393a3079eeee71aed56a1c1d8) ([#9951](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9951)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Extract all web formats](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4ccd73fea0f6f4be343e1ec7f22dd03799addcf8) ([#9960](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9960)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Extract via mobile API only if extractor-arg is passed](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/41ba4a808b597a3afed78c89675a30deb6844450) ([#9938](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9938)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Fix subtitles extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/eef1e9f44ff14c5e65b759bb1eafa3946cdaf719) ([#9961](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9961)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - collection: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/119d41f27061d220d276a2d38cfc8d873437452a) ([#9986](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9986)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [imanoreotwe](https://github.com/imanoreotwe)
+    - user: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/347f13dd9bccc2b4db3ea25689410d45d8370ed4) ([#9661](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9661)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **tv5monde**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/6db96268c521e945d42649607db1574f5d92e082) ([#9143](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9143)) by [alard](https://github.com/alard), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **twitter**
+    - [Fix auth for x.com migration](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/3e35aa32c74bc108375be8c8b6b3bfc90dfff1b4) ([#9952](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9952)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Support x.com URLs](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4813173e4544f125d6f2afc31e600727d761b8dd) ([#9926](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9926)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **vk**: [Improve format extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/df5c9e733aaba703cf285c0372b6d61629330c82) ([#9885](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9885)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **wrestleuniverse**: [Avoid partial stream formats](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c4853655cb9a793129280806af643de43c48f4d5) ([#9800](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9800)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **xiaohongshu**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a2e9031605d87c469be9ce98dbbdf4960b727338) ([#9646](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9646)) by [HobbyistDev](https://github.com/HobbyistDev)
+- **xvideos**: quickies: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b207d26f83fb8ab0ce56df74dff43ff583a3264f) ([#9834](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9834)) by [JakeFinley96](https://github.com/JakeFinley96)
+- **youporn**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/351368cb9a6731b886a58f5a10fd6b302bbe47be) ([#8827](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/8827)) by [The-MAGI](https://github.com/The-MAGI)
+- **youtube**
+    - [Add `mediaconnect` client](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/cf212d0a331aba05c32117573f760cdf3af8c62f) ([#9546](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9546)) by [clienthax](https://github.com/clienthax)
+    - [Extract upload timestamp if available](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/96a134dea6397a5f2131947c427aac52c8b4e677) ([#9856](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9856)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+    - [Fix comments extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/8e15177b4113c355989881e4e030f695a9b59c3a) ([#9775](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9775)) by [bbilly1](https://github.com/bbilly1), [jakeogh](https://github.com/jakeogh), [minamotorin](https://github.com/minamotorin), [shoxie007](https://github.com/shoxie007)
+    - [Remove `android` from default clients](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/12d8ea8246fa901de302ff5cc748caddadc82f41) ([#9553](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9553)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+- **zenyandex**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c4b87dd885ee5391e5f481e7c8bd550a7c543623) ([#9813](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9813)) by [src-tinkerer](https://github.com/src-tinkerer)
+
+#### Networking changes
+- [Add `extensions` attribute to `Response`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/bec9a59e8ec82c18e3bf9268eaa436793dd52e35) ([#9756](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9756)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **Request Handler**
+    - requests
+        - [Patch support for `requests` 2.32.2+](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/3f7999533ebe41c2a579d91b4e4cb211cfcd3bc0) ([#9992](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9992)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+        - [Update to `requests` 2.32.0](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c36513f1be2ef3d3cec864accbffda1afaa06ffd) ([#9980](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9980)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+
+#### Misc. changes
+- [Add `hatch`, `ruff`, `pre-commit` and improve dev docs](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e897bd8292a41999cf51dba91b390db5643c72db) ([#7409](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7409)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **build**
+    - [Migrate `linux_exe` to static musl builds](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ac817bc83efd939dca3e40c4b527d0ccfc77172b) ([#9811](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9811)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+    - [Normalize `curl_cffi` group to `curl-cffi`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/02483bea1c4dbe1bace8ca4d19700104fbb8a00f) ([#9698](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9698)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly) (With fixes in [89f535e](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/89f535e2656964b4061c25a7739d4d6ba0a30568))
+    - [Run `macos_legacy` job on `macos-12`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/1a366403d9c26b992faa77e00f4d02ead57559e3) ([#9804](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9804)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [`macos` job requires `setuptools<70`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/78c57cc0e0998b8ed90e4306f410aa4be4115cd7) ([#9993](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9993)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **cleanup**
+    - [Remove questionable extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/01395a34345d1c6ba1b73ca92f94dd200dc45341) ([#9911](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9911)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+    - Miscellaneous: [5c019f6](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/5c019f6328ad40d66561eac3c4de0b3cd070d0f6), [ae2af11](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ae2af1104f80caf2f47544763a33db2c17a3e1de) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **test**
+    - [Add HTTP proxy tests](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/3c7a287e281d9f9a353dce8902ff78a84c24a040) ([#9578](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9578)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+    - [Fix connect timeout test](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/53b4d44f55cca66ac33dab092ef2a30b1164b684) ([#9906](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9906)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+
 ### 2024.04.09

 #### Important changes
--- a/Collaborators.md
+++ b/Collaborators.md
@ -61,3 +61,10 @@ You can also find lists of all [contributors of yt-dlp](CONTRIBUTORS) and [autho
 * Reworked internals like `traverse_obj`, various core refactors and bugs fixes
 * Implemented proper progress reporting for parallel downloads
 * Improved/fixed/added Bundestag, crunchyroll, pr0gramm, Twitter, WrestleUniverse etc
+
+
+## [sepro](https://github.com/seproDev)
+
+* UX improvements: Warn when ffmpeg is missing, warn when double-clicking exe
+* Code cleanup: Remove dead extractors, mark extractors as broken, enable/apply ruff rules
+* Improved/fixed/added ArdMediathek, DRTV, Floatplane, MagentaMusik, Naver, Nebula, OnDemandKorea, Vbox7 etc
--- a/13
+++ b/13
@ -21,13 +21,13 @@ clean-test:
 	rm -rf test/testdata/sigs/player-*.js tmp/ *.annotations.xml *.aria2 *.description *.dump *.frag \
 	*.frag.aria2 *.frag.urls *.info.json *.live_chat.json *.meta *.part* *.tmp *.temp *.unknown_video *.ytdl \
 	*.3gp *.ape *.ass *.avi *.desktop *.f4v *.flac *.flv *.gif *.jpeg *.jpg *.lrc *.m4a *.m4v *.mhtml *.mkv *.mov *.mp3 *.mp4 \
-	*.mpg *.mpga *.oga *.ogg *.opus *.png *.sbv *.srt *.ssa *.swf *.swp *.tt *.ttml *.url *.vtt *.wav *.webloc *.webm *.webp
+	*.mpg *.mpga *.oga *.ogg *.opus *.png *.sbv *.srt *.ssa *.swf *.tt *.ttml *.url *.vtt *.wav *.webloc *.webm *.webp
 clean-dist:
 	rm -rf yt-dlp.1.temp.md yt-dlp.1 README.txt MANIFEST build/ dist/ .coverage cover/ yt-dlp.tar.gz completions/ \
 	yt_dlp/extractor/lazy_extractors.py *.spec CONTRIBUTING.md.tmp yt-dlp yt-dlp.exe yt_dlp.egg-info/ AUTHORS
 clean-cache:
 	find . \( \
-		-type d -name .pytest_cache -o -type d -name __pycache__ -o -name "*.pyc" -o -name "*.class" \
+		-type d -name ".*_cache" -o -type d -name __pycache__ -o -name "*.pyc" -o -name "*.class" \
 	\) -prune -exec rm -rf {} \;

 completion-bash: completions/bash/yt-dlp
@ -70,14 +70,15 @@ uninstall:
 	rm -f $(DESTDIR)$(SHAREDIR)/fish/vendor_completions.d/yt-dlp.fish

 codetest:
-	flake8 .
+	ruff check .
+	autopep8 --diff .

 test:
-	$(PYTHON) -m pytest
+	$(PYTHON) -m pytest -Werror
 	$(MAKE) codetest

 offlinetest: codetest
-	$(PYTHON) -m pytest -k "not download"
+	$(PYTHON) -m pytest -Werror -m "not download"

 CODE_FOLDERS_CMD = find yt_dlp -type f -name '__init__.py' | sed 's,/__init__.py,,' | grep -v '/__' | sort
 CODE_FOLDERS != $(CODE_FOLDERS_CMD)
@ -151,7 +152,7 @@ yt-dlp.tar.gz: all
 		--exclude '*.pyo' \
 		--exclude '*~' \
 		--exclude '__pycache__' \
-		--exclude '.pytest_cache' \
+		--exclude '.*_cache' \
 		--exclude '.git' \
 		-- \
 		README.md supportedsites.md Changelog.md LICENSE \
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 [![YT-DLP](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/master/.github/banner.svg)](#readme)

 [![Release version](https://img.shields.io/github/v/release/yt-dlp/yt-dlp?color=brightgreen&label=Download&style=for-the-badge)](#installation "Installation")
-[![PyPi](https://img.shields.io/badge/-PyPi-blue.svg?logo=pypi&labelColor=555555&style=for-the-badge)](https://pypi.org/project/yt-dlp "PyPi")
+[![PyPI](https://img.shields.io/badge/-PyPI-blue.svg?logo=pypi&labelColor=555555&style=for-the-badge)](https://pypi.org/project/yt-dlp "PyPI")
 [![Donate](https://img.shields.io/badge/_-Donate-red.svg?logo=githubsponsors&labelColor=555555&style=for-the-badge)](Collaborators.md#collaborators "Donate")
 [![Matrix](https://img.shields.io/matrix/yt-dlp:matrix.org?color=brightgreen&labelColor=555555&label=&logo=element&style=for-the-badge)](https://matrix.to/#/#yt-dlp:matrix.org "Matrix")
 [![Discord](https://img.shields.io/discord/807245652072857610?color=blue&labelColor=555555&label=&logo=discord&style=for-the-badge)](https://discord.gg/H5MNcFW63r "Discord")
@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ yt-dlp is a feature-rich command-line audio/video downloader with support for [t
 [![Windows](https://img.shields.io/badge/-Windows_x64-blue.svg?style=for-the-badge&logo=windows)](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp.exe)
 [![Unix](https://img.shields.io/badge/-Linux/BSD-red.svg?style=for-the-badge&logo=linux)](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp)
 [![MacOS](https://img.shields.io/badge/-MacOS-lightblue.svg?style=for-the-badge&logo=apple)](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp_macos)
-[![PyPi](https://img.shields.io/badge/-PyPi-blue.svg?logo=pypi&labelColor=555555&style=for-the-badge)](https://pypi.org/project/yt-dlp)
+[![PyPI](https://img.shields.io/badge/-PyPI-blue.svg?logo=pypi&labelColor=555555&style=for-the-badge)](https://pypi.org/project/yt-dlp)
 [![Source Tarball](https://img.shields.io/badge/-Source_tar-green.svg?style=for-the-badge)](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp.tar.gz)
 [![Other variants](https://img.shields.io/badge/-Other-grey.svg?style=for-the-badge)](#release-files)
 [![All versions](https://img.shields.io/badge/-All_Versions-lightgrey.svg?style=for-the-badge)](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases)
@ -98,17 +98,15 @@ You can install yt-dlp using [the binaries](#release-files), [pip](https://pypi.
 File|Description
 :---|:---
 [yt-dlp](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp)|Platform-independent [zipimport](https://docs.python.org/3/library/zipimport.html) binary. Needs Python (recommended for **Linux/BSD**)
-[yt-dlp.exe](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp.exe)|Windows (Win7 SP1+) standalone x64 binary (recommended for **Windows**)
+[yt-dlp.exe](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp.exe)|Windows (Win8+) standalone x64 binary (recommended for **Windows**)
 [yt-dlp_macos](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp_macos)|Universal MacOS (10.15+) standalone executable (recommended for **MacOS**)

 #### Alternatives

 File|Description
 :---|:---
-[yt-dlp_x86.exe](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp_x86.exe)|Windows (Win7 SP1+) standalone x86 (32-bit) binary
-[yt-dlp_min.exe](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp_min.exe)|Windows (Win7 SP1+) standalone x64 binary built with `py2exe`<br/> ([Not recommended](#standalone-py2exe-builds-windows))
+[yt-dlp_x86.exe](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp_x86.exe)|Windows (Win8+) standalone x86 (32-bit) binary
 [yt-dlp_linux](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp_linux)|Linux standalone x64 binary
-[yt-dlp_linux.zip](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp_linux.zip)|Unpackaged Linux executable (no auto-update)
 [yt-dlp_linux_armv7l](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp_linux_armv7l)|Linux standalone armv7l (32-bit) binary
 [yt-dlp_linux_aarch64](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp_linux_aarch64)|Linux standalone aarch64 (64-bit) binary
 [yt-dlp_win.zip](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp_win.zip)|Unpackaged Windows executable (no auto-update)
@ -142,7 +140,7 @@ You can use `yt-dlp -U` to update if you are using the [release binaries](#relea

 If you [installed with pip](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/wiki/Installation#with-pip), simply re-run the same command that was used to install the program

-For other third-party package managers, see [the wiki](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/wiki/Installation#third-party-package-managers) or refer their documentation
+For other third-party package managers, see [the wiki](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/wiki/Installation#third-party-package-managers) or refer to their documentation

 <a id="update-channels"></a>

@ -170,25 +168,25 @@ Example usage:
 yt-dlp --update-to nightly

 # To install nightly with pip:
-python3 -m pip install -U --pre yt-dlp[default]
+python3 -m pip install -U --pre "yt-dlp[default]"
 ```

 ## DEPENDENCIES
-Python versions 3.8+ (CPython and PyPy) are supported. Other versions and implementations may or may not work correctly.
+Python versions 3.9+ (CPython) and 3.10+ (PyPy) are supported. Other versions and implementations may or may not work correctly.

 <!-- Python 3.5+ uses VC++14 and it is already embedded in the binary created
 <!x-- https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=26999 --x>
-On windows, [Microsoft Visual C++ 2010 SP1 Redistributable Package (x86)](https://download.microsoft.com/download/1/6/5/165255E7-1014-4D0A-B094-B6A430A6BFFC/vcredist_x86.exe) is also necessary to run yt-dlp. You probably already have this, but if the executable throws an error due to missing `MSVCR100.dll` you need to install it manually.
+On Windows, [Microsoft Visual C++ 2010 SP1 Redistributable Package (x86)](https://download.microsoft.com/download/1/6/5/165255E7-1014-4D0A-B094-B6A430A6BFFC/vcredist_x86.exe) is also necessary to run yt-dlp. You probably already have this, but if the executable throws an error due to missing `MSVCR100.dll` you need to install it manually.
 -->

 While all the other dependencies are optional, `ffmpeg` and `ffprobe` are highly recommended

 ### Strongly recommended

-* [**ffmpeg** and **ffprobe**](https://www.ffmpeg.org) - Required for [merging separate video and audio files](#format-selection) as well as for various [post-processing](#post-processing-options) tasks. License [depends on the build](https://www.ffmpeg.org/legal.html)
+* [**ffmpeg** and **ffprobe**](https://www.ffmpeg.org) - Required for [merging separate video and audio files](#format-selection), as well as for various [post-processing](#post-processing-options) tasks. License [depends on the build](https://www.ffmpeg.org/legal.html)

    There are bugs in ffmpeg that cause various issues when used alongside yt-dlp. Since ffmpeg is such an important dependency, we provide [custom builds](https://github.com/yt-dlp/FFmpeg-Builds#ffmpeg-static-auto-builds) with patches for some of these issues at [yt-dlp/FFmpeg-Builds](https://github.com/yt-dlp/FFmpeg-Builds). See [the readme](https://github.com/yt-dlp/FFmpeg-Builds#patches-applied) for details on the specific issues solved by these builds
-    
+
    **Important**: What you need is ffmpeg *binary*, **NOT** [the Python package of the same name](https://pypi.org/project/ffmpeg)

 ### Networking
@ -199,11 +197,11 @@ While all the other dependencies are optional, `ffmpeg` and `ffprobe` are highly

 #### Impersonation

-The following provide support for impersonating browser requests. This may be required for some sites that employ TLS fingerprinting. 
+The following provide support for impersonating browser requests. This may be required for some sites that employ TLS fingerprinting.

-* [**curl_cffi**](https://github.com/yifeikong/curl_cffi) (recommended) - Python binding for [curl-impersonate](https://github.com/lwthiker/curl-impersonate). Provides impersonation targets for Chrome, Edge and Safari. Licensed under [MIT](https://github.com/yifeikong/curl_cffi/blob/main/LICENSE)
-  * Can be installed with the `curl-cffi` group, e.g. `pip install yt-dlp[default,curl-cffi]`
-  * Currently only included in `yt-dlp.exe` and `yt-dlp_macos` builds
+* [**curl_cffi**](https://github.com/lexiforest/curl_cffi) (recommended) - Python binding for [curl-impersonate](https://github.com/lexiforest/curl-impersonate). Provides impersonation targets for Chrome, Edge and Safari. Licensed under [MIT](https://github.com/lexiforest/curl_cffi/blob/main/LICENSE)
+  * Can be installed with the `curl-cffi` group, e.g. `pip install "yt-dlp[default,curl-cffi]"`
+  * Currently included in `yt-dlp.exe`, `yt-dlp_linux` and `yt-dlp_macos` builds


 ### Metadata
@ -255,31 +253,19 @@ On some systems, you may need to use `py` or `python` instead of `python3`.
 **Important**: Running `pyinstaller` directly **instead of** using `python -m bundle.pyinstaller` is **not** officially supported. This may or may not work correctly.

 ### Platform-independent Binary (UNIX)
-You will need the build tools `python` (3.8+), `zip`, `make` (GNU), `pandoc`\* and `pytest`\*.
+You will need the build tools `python` (3.9+), `zip`, `make` (GNU), `pandoc`\* and `pytest`\*.

 After installing these, simply run `make`.

 You can also run `make yt-dlp` instead to compile only the binary without updating any of the additional files. (The build tools marked with **\*** are not needed for this)

-### Standalone Py2Exe Builds (Windows)
-
-While we provide the option to build with [py2exe](https://www.py2exe.org), it is recommended to build [using PyInstaller](#standalone-pyinstaller-builds) instead since the py2exe builds **cannot contain `pycryptodomex`/`certifi` and needs VC++14** on the target computer to run.
-
-If you wish to build it anyway, install Python (if it is not already installed) and you can run the following commands:
-
-```
-py devscripts/install_deps.py --include py2exe
-py devscripts/make_lazy_extractors.py
-py -m bundle.py2exe
-```
-
 ### Related scripts

 * **`devscripts/install_deps.py`** - Install dependencies for yt-dlp.
-* **`devscripts/update-version.py`** - Update the version number based on current date.
+* **`devscripts/update-version.py`** - Update the version number based on the current date.
 * **`devscripts/set-variant.py`** - Set the build variant of the executable.
 * **`devscripts/make_changelog.py`** - Create a markdown changelog using short commit messages and update `CONTRIBUTORS` file.
-* **`devscripts/make_lazy_extractors.py`** - Create lazy extractors. Running this before building the binaries (any variant) will improve their startup performance. Set the environment variable `YTDLP_NO_LAZY_EXTRACTORS=1` if you wish to forcefully disable lazy extractor loading.
+* **`devscripts/make_lazy_extractors.py`** - Create lazy extractors. Running this before building the binaries (any variant) will improve their startup performance. Set the environment variable `YTDLP_NO_LAZY_EXTRACTORS` to something nonempty to forcefully disable lazy extractor loading.

 Note: See their `--help` for more info.

@ -349,6 +335,13 @@ If you fork the project on GitHub, you can run your fork's [build workflow](.git
                                    containing directory ("-" for stdin). Can be
                                    used multiple times and inside other
                                    configuration files
+    --plugin-dirs PATH              Path to an additional directory to search
+                                    for plugins. This option can be used
+                                    multiple times to add multiple directories.
+                                    Note that this currently only works for
+                                    extractor plugins; postprocessor plugins can
+                                    only be loaded from the default plugin
+                                    directories
    --flat-playlist                 Do not extract the videos of a playlist,
                                    only list them
    --no-flat-playlist              Fully extract the videos of a playlist
@ -369,7 +362,9 @@ If you fork the project on GitHub, you can run your fork's [build workflow](.git
                                    stderr) to apply the setting to. Can be one
                                    of "always", "auto" (default), "never", or
                                    "no_color" (use non color terminal
-                                    sequences). Can be used multiple times
+                                    sequences). Use "auto-tty" or "no_color-tty"
+                                    to decide based on terminal support only.
+                                    Can be used multiple times
    --compat-options OPTS           Options that can help keep compatibility
                                    with youtube-dl or youtube-dlc
                                    configurations by reverting some of the
@ -402,6 +397,9 @@ If you fork the project on GitHub, you can run your fork's [build workflow](.git
    --impersonate CLIENT[:OS]       Client to impersonate for requests. E.g.
                                    chrome, chrome-110, chrome:windows-10. Pass
                                    --impersonate="" to impersonate any client.
+                                    Note that forcing impersonation for all
+                                    requests may have a detrimental impact on
+                                    download speed and stability
    --list-impersonate-targets      List available clients to impersonate.
    -4, --force-ipv4                Make all connections via IPv4
    -6, --force-ipv6                Make all connections via IPv6
@ -440,10 +438,10 @@ If you fork the project on GitHub, you can run your fork's [build workflow](.git
                                    E.g. "--date today-2weeks" downloads only
                                    videos uploaded on the same day two weeks ago
    --datebefore DATE               Download only videos uploaded on or before
-                                    this date. The date formats accepted is the
+                                    this date. The date formats accepted are the
                                    same as --date
    --dateafter DATE                Download only videos uploaded on or after
-                                    this date. The date formats accepted is the
+                                    this date. The date formats accepted are the
                                    same as --date
    --match-filters FILTER          Generic video filter. Any "OUTPUT TEMPLATE"
                                    field can be compared with a number or a
@ -454,18 +452,18 @@ If you fork the project on GitHub, you can run your fork's [build workflow](.git
                                    is not present, and "&" to check multiple
                                    conditions. Use a "\" to escape "&" or
                                    quotes if needed. If used multiple times,
-                                    the filter matches if atleast one of the
-                                    conditions are met. E.g. --match-filter
-                                    !is_live --match-filter "like_count>?100 &
+                                    the filter matches if at least one of the
+                                    conditions is met. E.g. --match-filters
+                                    !is_live --match-filters "like_count>?100 &
                                    description~='(?i)\bcats \& dogs\b'" matches
                                    only videos that are not live OR those that
                                    have a like count more than 100 (or the like
                                    field is not available) and also has a
                                    description that contains the phrase "cats &
-                                    dogs" (caseless). Use "--match-filter -" to
+                                    dogs" (caseless). Use "--match-filters -" to
                                    interactively ask whether to download each
                                    video
-    --no-match-filters              Do not use any --match-filter (default)
+    --no-match-filters              Do not use any --match-filters (default)
    --break-match-filters FILTER    Same as "--match-filters" but stops the
                                    download process when a video is rejected
    --no-break-match-filters        Do not use any --break-match-filters (default)
@ -481,12 +479,13 @@ If you fork the project on GitHub, you can run your fork's [build workflow](.git
    --no-download-archive           Do not use archive file (default)
    --max-downloads NUMBER          Abort after downloading NUMBER files
    --break-on-existing             Stop the download process when encountering
-                                    a file that is in the archive
+                                    a file that is in the archive supplied with
+                                    the --download-archive option
    --no-break-on-existing          Do not stop the download process when
                                    encountering a file that is in the archive
                                    (default)
    --break-per-input               Alters --max-downloads, --break-on-existing,
-                                    --break-match-filter, and autonumber to
+                                    --break-match-filters, and autonumber to
                                    reset per input URL
    --no-break-per-input            --break-on-existing and similar options
                                    terminates the entire download queue
@ -666,16 +665,17 @@ If you fork the project on GitHub, you can run your fork's [build workflow](.git
                                    The name of the browser to load cookies
                                    from. Currently supported browsers are:
                                    brave, chrome, chromium, edge, firefox,
-                                    opera, safari, vivaldi. Optionally, the
-                                    KEYRING used for decrypting Chromium cookies
-                                    on Linux, the name/path of the PROFILE to
-                                    load cookies from, and the CONTAINER name
-                                    (if Firefox) ("none" for no container) can
-                                    be given with their respective seperators.
-                                    By default, all containers of the most
-                                    recently accessed profile are used.
-                                    Currently supported keyrings are: basictext,
-                                    gnomekeyring, kwallet, kwallet5, kwallet6
+                                    opera, safari, vivaldi, whale. Optionally,
+                                    the KEYRING used for decrypting Chromium
+                                    cookies on Linux, the name/path of the
+                                    PROFILE to load cookies from, and the
+                                    CONTAINER name (if Firefox) ("none" for no
+                                    container) can be given with their
+                                    respective separators. By default, all
+                                    containers of the most recently accessed
+                                    profile are used. Currently supported
+                                    keyrings are: basictext, gnomekeyring,
+                                    kwallet, kwallet5, kwallet6
    --no-cookies-from-browser       Do not load cookies from browser (default)
    --cache-dir DIR                 Location in the filesystem where yt-dlp can
                                    store some downloaded information (such as
@ -727,16 +727,16 @@ If you fork the project on GitHub, you can run your fork's [build workflow](.git
                                    used. This option can be used multiple times
    --print-to-file [WHEN:]TEMPLATE FILE
                                    Append given template to the file. The
-                                    values of WHEN and TEMPLATE are same as that
-                                    of --print. FILE uses the same syntax as the
-                                    output template. This option can be used
-                                    multiple times
+                                    values of WHEN and TEMPLATE are the same as
+                                    that of --print. FILE uses the same syntax
+                                    as the output template. This option can be
+                                    used multiple times
    -j, --dump-json                 Quiet, but print JSON information for each
                                    video. Simulate unless --no-simulate is
                                    used. See "OUTPUT TEMPLATE" for a
                                    description of available keys
    -J, --dump-single-json          Quiet, but print JSON information for each
-                                    url or infojson passed. Simulate unless
+                                    URL or infojson passed. Simulate unless
                                    --no-simulate is used. If the URL refers to
                                    a playlist, the whole playlist information
                                    is dumped in a single line
@ -811,9 +811,9 @@ If you fork the project on GitHub, you can run your fork's [build workflow](.git
    --no-audio-multistreams         Only one audio stream is downloaded for each
                                    output file (default)
    --prefer-free-formats           Prefer video formats with free containers
-                                    over non-free ones of same quality. Use with
-                                    "-S ext" to strictly prefer free containers
-                                    irrespective of quality
+                                    over non-free ones of the same quality. Use
+                                    with "-S ext" to strictly prefer free
+                                    containers irrespective of quality
    --no-prefer-free-formats        Don't give any special preference to free
                                    containers (default)
    --check-formats                 Make sure formats are selected only from
@ -838,15 +838,17 @@ If you fork the project on GitHub, you can run your fork's [build workflow](.git
                                    (default) (Alias: --no-write-automatic-subs)
    --list-subs                     List available subtitles of each video.
                                    Simulate unless --no-simulate is used
-    --sub-format FORMAT             Subtitle format; accepts formats preference,
-                                    e.g. "srt" or "ass/srt/best"
+    --sub-format FORMAT             Subtitle format; accepts formats preference
+                                    separated by "/", e.g. "srt" or "ass/srt/best"
    --sub-langs LANGS               Languages of the subtitles to download (can
                                    be regex) or "all" separated by commas, e.g.
-                                    --sub-langs "en.*,ja". You can prefix the
-                                    language code with a "-" to exclude it from
-                                    the requested languages, e.g. --sub-langs
-                                    all,-live_chat. Use --list-subs for a list
-                                    of available language tags
+                                    --sub-langs "en.*,ja" (where "en.*" is a
+                                    regex pattern that matches "en" followed by
+                                    0 or more of any character). You can prefix
+                                    the language code with a "-" to exclude it
+                                    from the requested languages, e.g. --sub-
+                                    langs all,-live_chat. Use --list-subs for a
+                                    list of available language tags

 ## Authentication Options:
    -u, --username USERNAME         Login with this account ID
@ -894,9 +896,9 @@ If you fork the project on GitHub, you can run your fork's [build workflow](.git
                                    necessary (currently supported: avi, flv,
                                    gif, mkv, mov, mp4, webm, aac, aiff, alac,
                                    flac, m4a, mka, mp3, ogg, opus, vorbis,
-                                    wav). If target container does not support
-                                    the video/audio codec, remuxing will fail.
-                                    You can specify multiple rules; e.g.
+                                    wav). If the target container does not
+                                    support the video/audio codec, remuxing will
+                                    fail. You can specify multiple rules; e.g.
                                    "aac>m4a/mov>mp4/mkv" will remux aac to m4a,
                                    mov to mp4 and anything else to mkv
    --recode-video FORMAT           Re-encode the video into another format if
@ -964,29 +966,29 @@ If you fork the project on GitHub, you can run your fork's [build workflow](.git
                                    are the same as that of --use-postprocessor
                                    (default: pre_process)
    --xattrs                        Write metadata to the video file's xattrs
-                                    (using dublin core and xdg standards)
+                                    (using Dublin Core and XDG standards)
    --concat-playlist POLICY        Concatenate videos in a playlist. One of
                                    "never", "always", or "multi_video"
                                    (default; only when the videos form a single
-                                    show). All the video files must have same
-                                    codecs and number of streams to be
-                                    concatable. The "pl_video:" prefix can be
+                                    show). All the video files must have the
+                                    same codecs and number of streams to be
+                                    concatenable. The "pl_video:" prefix can be
                                    used with "--paths" and "--output" to set
                                    the output filename for the concatenated
                                    files. See "OUTPUT TEMPLATE" for details
    --fixup POLICY                  Automatically correct known faults of the
                                    file. One of never (do nothing), warn (only
                                    emit a warning), detect_or_warn (the
-                                    default; fix file if we can, warn
-                                    otherwise), force (try fixing even if file
-                                    already exists)
+                                    default; fix the file if we can, warn
+                                    otherwise), force (try fixing even if the
+                                    file already exists)
    --ffmpeg-location PATH          Location of the ffmpeg binary; either the
                                    path to the binary or its containing directory
    --exec [WHEN:]CMD               Execute a command, optionally prefixed with
                                    when to execute it, separated by a ":".
                                    Supported values of "WHEN" are the same as
                                    that of --use-postprocessor (default:
-                                    after_move). Same syntax as the output
+                                    after_move). The same syntax as the output
                                    template can be used to pass any field as
                                    arguments to the command. If no fields are
                                    passed, %(filepath,_filename|)q is appended
@ -994,12 +996,16 @@ If you fork the project on GitHub, you can run your fork's [build workflow](.git
                                    be used multiple times
    --no-exec                       Remove any previously defined --exec
    --convert-subs FORMAT           Convert the subtitles to another format
-                                    (currently supported: ass, lrc, srt, vtt)
-                                    (Alias: --convert-subtitles)
+                                    (currently supported: ass, lrc, srt, vtt).
+                                    Use "--convert-subs none" to disable
+                                    conversion (default) (Alias: --convert-
+                                    subtitles)
    --convert-thumbnails FORMAT     Convert the thumbnails to another format
                                    (currently supported: jpg, png, webp). You
                                    can specify multiple rules using similar
-                                    syntax as --remux-video
+                                    syntax as "--remux-video". Use "--convert-
+                                    thumbnails none" to disable conversion
+                                    (default)
    --split-chapters                Split video into multiple files based on
                                    internal chapters. The "chapter:" prefix can
                                    be used with "--paths" and "--output" to set
@ -1020,7 +1026,7 @@ If you fork the project on GitHub, you can run your fork's [build workflow](.git
    --no-force-keyframes-at-cuts    Do not force keyframes around the chapters
                                    when cutting/splitting (default)
    --use-postprocessor NAME[:ARGS]
-                                    The (case sensitive) name of plugin
+                                    The (case-sensitive) name of plugin
                                    postprocessors to be enabled, and
                                    (optionally) arguments to be passed to it,
                                    separated by a colon ":". ARGS are a
@ -1033,8 +1039,8 @@ If you fork the project on GitHub, you can run your fork's [build workflow](.git
                                    --print/--output), "before_dl" (before each
                                    video download), "post_process" (after each
                                    video download; default), "after_move"
-                                    (after moving video file to it's final
-                                    locations), "after_video" (after downloading
+                                    (after moving the video file to its final
+                                    location), "after_video" (after downloading
                                    and processing all formats of a video), or
                                    "playlist" (at end of playlist). This option
                                    can be used multiple times to add different
@ -1052,7 +1058,7 @@ Make chapter entries for, or remove various segments (sponsor,
                                    music_offtopic, poi_highlight, chapter, all
                                    and default (=all). You can prefix the
                                    category with a "-" to exclude it. See [1]
-                                    for description of the categories. E.g.
+                                    for descriptions of the categories. E.g.
                                    --sponsorblock-mark all,-preview
                                    [1] https://wiki.sponsor.ajay.app/w/Segment_Categories
    --sponsorblock-remove CATS      SponsorBlock categories to be removed from
@ -1084,7 +1090,7 @@ Make chapter entries for, or remove various segments (sponsor,
                                    (Alias: --no-allow-dynamic-mpd)
    --hls-split-discontinuity       Split HLS playlists to different formats at
                                    discontinuities such as ad breaks
-    --no-hls-split-discontinuity    Do not split HLS playlists to different
+    --no-hls-split-discontinuity    Do not split HLS playlists into different
                                    formats at discontinuities such as ad breaks
                                    (default)
    --extractor-args IE_KEY:ARGS    Pass ARGS arguments to the IE_KEY extractor.
@ -1094,7 +1100,7 @@ Make chapter entries for, or remove various segments (sponsor,

 # CONFIGURATION

-You can configure yt-dlp by placing any supported command line option to a configuration file. The configuration is loaded from the following locations:
+You can configure yt-dlp by placing any supported command line option in a configuration file. The configuration is loaded from the following locations:

 1. **Main Configuration**:
    * The file given to `--config-location`
@ -1122,7 +1128,7 @@ You can configure yt-dlp by placing any supported command line option to a confi
    * `/etc/yt-dlp/config`
    * `/etc/yt-dlp/config.txt`

-E.g. with the following configuration file yt-dlp will always extract the audio, not copy the mtime, use a proxy and save all videos under `YouTube` directory in your home directory:
+E.g. with the following configuration file, yt-dlp will always extract the audio, not copy the mtime, use a proxy and save all videos under `YouTube` directory in your home directory:
 ```
 # Lines starting with # are comments

@ -1139,7 +1145,7 @@ E.g. with the following configuration file yt-dlp will always extract the audio,
 -o ~/YouTube/%(title)s.%(ext)s
 ```

-**Note**: Options in configuration file are just the same options aka switches used in regular command line calls; thus there **must be no whitespace** after `-` or `--`, e.g. `-o` or `--proxy` but not `- o` or `-- proxy`. They must also be quoted when necessary as-if it were a UNIX shell.
+**Note**: Options in a configuration file are just the same options aka switches used in regular command line calls; thus there **must be no whitespace** after `-` or `--`, e.g. `-o` or `--proxy` but not `- o` or `-- proxy`. They must also be quoted when necessary, as if it were a UNIX shell.

 You can use `--ignore-config` if you want to disable all configuration files for a particular yt-dlp run. If `--ignore-config` is found inside any configuration file, no further configuration will be loaded. For example, having the option in the portable configuration file prevents loading of home, user, and system configurations. Additionally, (for backward compatibility) if `--ignore-config` is found inside the system configuration file, the user configuration is not loaded.

@ -1151,12 +1157,12 @@ If you want your file to be decoded differently, add `# coding: ENCODING` to the

 ### Authentication with netrc

-You may also want to configure automatic credentials storage for extractors that support authentication (by providing login and password with `--username` and `--password`) in order not to pass credentials as command line arguments on every yt-dlp execution and prevent tracking plain text passwords in the shell command history. You can achieve this using a [`.netrc` file](https://stackoverflow.com/tags/.netrc/info) on a per-extractor basis. For that you will need to create a `.netrc` file in `--netrc-location` and restrict permissions to read/write by only you:
+You may also want to configure automatic credentials storage for extractors that support authentication (by providing login and password with `--username` and `--password`) in order not to pass credentials as command line arguments on every yt-dlp execution and prevent tracking plain text passwords in the shell command history. You can achieve this using a [`.netrc` file](https://stackoverflow.com/tags/.netrc/info) on a per-extractor basis. For that, you will need to create a `.netrc` file in `--netrc-location` and restrict permissions to read/write by only you:
 ```
 touch ${HOME}/.netrc
 chmod a-rwx,u+rw ${HOME}/.netrc
 ```
-After that you can add credentials for an extractor in the following format, where *extractor* is the name of the extractor in lowercase:
+After that, you can add credentials for an extractor in the following format, where *extractor* is the name of the extractor in lowercase:
 ```
 machine <extractor> login <username> password <password>
 ```
@ -1173,13 +1179,13 @@ As an alternative to using the `.netrc` file, which has the disadvantage of keep

 E.g. To use an encrypted `.netrc` file stored as `.authinfo.gpg`
 ```
-yt-dlp --netrc-cmd 'gpg --decrypt ~/.authinfo.gpg' https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc
+yt-dlp --netrc-cmd 'gpg --decrypt ~/.authinfo.gpg' 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc'
 ```


 ### Notes about environment variables
 * Environment variables are normally specified as `${VARIABLE}`/`$VARIABLE` on UNIX and `%VARIABLE%` on Windows; but is always shown as `${VARIABLE}` in this documentation
-* yt-dlp also allow using UNIX-style variables on Windows for path-like options; e.g. `--output`, `--config-location`
+* yt-dlp also allows using UNIX-style variables on Windows for path-like options; e.g. `--output`, `--config-location`
 * If unset, `${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}` defaults to `~/.config` and `${XDG_CACHE_HOME}` to `~/.cache`
 * On Windows, `~` points to `${HOME}` if present; or, `${USERPROFILE}` or `${HOMEDRIVE}${HOMEPATH}` otherwise
 * On Windows, `${USERPROFILE}` generally points to `C:\Users\<user name>` and `${APPDATA}` to `${USERPROFILE}\AppData\Roaming`
@ -1198,7 +1204,7 @@ It may however also contain special sequences that will be replaced when downloa

 The field names themselves (the part inside the parenthesis) can also have some special formatting:

-1. **Object traversal**: The dictionaries and lists available in metadata can be traversed by using a dot `.` separator; e.g. `%(tags.0)s`, `%(subtitles.en.-1.ext)s`. You can do Python slicing with colon `:`; E.g. `%(id.3:7:-1)s`, `%(formats.:.format_id)s`. Curly braces `{}` can be used to build dictionaries with only specific keys; e.g. `%(formats.:.{format_id,height})#j`. An empty field name `%()s` refers to the entire infodict; e.g. `%(.{id,title})s`. Note that all the fields that become available using this method are not listed below. Use `-j` to see such fields
+1. **Object traversal**: The dictionaries and lists available in metadata can be traversed by using a dot `.` separator; e.g. `%(tags.0)s`, `%(subtitles.en.-1.ext)s`. You can do Python slicing with colon `:`; E.g. `%(id.3:7)s`, `%(id.6:2:-1)s`, `%(formats.:.format_id)s`. Curly braces `{}` can be used to build dictionaries with only specific keys; e.g. `%(formats.:.{format_id,height})#j`. An empty field name `%()s` refers to the entire infodict; e.g. `%(.{id,title})s`. Note that all the fields that become available using this method are not listed below. Use `-j` to see such fields

 1. **Arithmetic**: Simple arithmetic can be done on numeric fields using `+`, `-` and `*`. E.g. `%(playlist_index+10)03d`, `%(n_entries+1-playlist_index)d`

@ -1219,7 +1225,7 @@ To summarize, the general syntax for a field is:
 %(name[.keys][addition][>strf][,alternate][&replacement][|default])[flags][width][.precision][length]type
 ```

-Additionally, you can set different output templates for the various metadata files separately from the general output template by specifying the type of file followed by the template separated by a colon `:`. The different file types supported are `subtitle`, `thumbnail`, `description`, `annotation` (deprecated), `infojson`, `link`, `pl_thumbnail`, `pl_description`, `pl_infojson`, `chapter`, `pl_video`. E.g. `-o "%(title)s.%(ext)s" -o "thumbnail:%(title)s\%(title)s.%(ext)s"`  will put the thumbnails in a folder with the same name as the video. If any of the templates is empty, that type of file will not be written. E.g. `--write-thumbnail -o "thumbnail:"` will write thumbnails only for playlists and not for video.
+Additionally, you can set different output templates for the various metadata files separately from the general output template by specifying the type of file followed by the template separated by a colon `:`. The different file types supported are `subtitle`, `thumbnail`, `description`, `annotation` (deprecated), `infojson`, `link`, `pl_thumbnail`, `pl_description`, `pl_infojson`, `chapter`, `pl_video`. E.g. `-o "%(title)s.%(ext)s" -o "thumbnail:%(title)s\%(title)s.%(ext)s"` will put the thumbnails in a folder with the same name as the video. If any of the templates is empty, that type of file will not be written. E.g. `--write-thumbnail -o "thumbnail:"` will write thumbnails only for playlists and not for video.

 <a id="outtmpl-postprocess-note"></a>

@ -1260,7 +1266,7 @@ The available fields are:
 - `like_count` (numeric): Number of positive ratings of the video
 - `dislike_count` (numeric): Number of negative ratings of the video
 - `repost_count` (numeric): Number of reposts of the video
- - `average_rating` (numeric): Average rating give by users, the scale used depends on the webpage
+ - `average_rating` (numeric): Average rating given by users, the scale used depends on the webpage
 - `comment_count` (numeric): Number of comments on the video (For some extractors, comments are only downloaded at the end, and so this field cannot be used)
 - `age_limit` (numeric): Age restriction for the video (years)
 - `live_status` (string): One of "not_live", "is_live", "is_upcoming", "was_live", "post_live" (was live, but VOD is not yet processed)
@ -1279,16 +1285,18 @@ The available fields are:
 - `n_entries` (numeric): Total number of extracted items in the playlist
 - `playlist_id` (string): Identifier of the playlist that contains the video
 - `playlist_title` (string): Name of the playlist that contains the video
- - `playlist` (string): `playlist_id` or `playlist_title`
+ - `playlist` (string): `playlist_title` if available or else `playlist_id`
 - `playlist_count` (numeric): Total number of items in the playlist. May not be known if entire playlist is not extracted
 - `playlist_index` (numeric): Index of the video in the playlist padded with leading zeros according the final index
 - `playlist_autonumber` (numeric): Position of the video in the playlist download queue padded with leading zeros according to the total length of the playlist
 - `playlist_uploader` (string): Full name of the playlist uploader
 - `playlist_uploader_id` (string): Nickname or id of the playlist uploader
- - `webpage_url` (string): A URL to the video webpage which if given to yt-dlp should allow to get the same result again
+ - `playlist_channel` (string): Display name of the channel that uploaded the playlist
+ - `playlist_channel_id` (string): Identifier of the channel that uploaded the playlist
+ - `webpage_url` (string): A URL to the video webpage which, if given to yt-dlp, should yield the same result again
 - `webpage_url_basename` (string): The basename of the webpage URL
 - `webpage_url_domain` (string): The domain of the webpage URL
- - `original_url` (string): The URL given by the user (or same as `webpage_url` for playlist entries)
+ - `original_url` (string): The URL given by the user (or the same as `webpage_url` for playlist entries)
 - `categories` (list): List of categories the video belongs to
 - `tags` (list): List of tags assigned to the video
 - `cast` (list): List of cast members
@ -1301,10 +1309,10 @@ Available for the video that belongs to some logical chapter or section:
 - `chapter_number` (numeric): Number of the chapter the video belongs to
 - `chapter_id` (string): Id of the chapter the video belongs to

-Available for the video that is an episode of some series or programme:
+Available for the video that is an episode of some series or program:

- - `series` (string): Title of the series or programme the video episode belongs to
- - `series_id` (string): Id of the series or programme the video episode belongs to
+ - `series` (string): Title of the series or program the video episode belongs to
+ - `series_id` (string): Id of the series or program the video episode belongs to
 - `season` (string): Title of the season the video episode belongs to
 - `season_number` (numeric): Number of the season the video episode belongs to
 - `season_id` (string): Id of the season the video episode belongs to
@ -1344,9 +1352,9 @@ Available only when used in `--print`:
 - `thumbnails_table` (table): The thumbnail format table as printed by `--list-thumbnails`
 - `subtitles_table` (table): The subtitle format table as printed by `--list-subs`
 - `automatic_captions_table` (table): The automatic subtitle format table as printed by `--list-subs`
- 
+
 Available only after the video is downloaded (`post_process`/`after_move`):
- 
+
 - `filepath`: Actual path of downloaded video file

 Available only in `--sponsorblock-chapter-title`:
@ -1361,11 +1369,11 @@ Available only in `--sponsorblock-chapter-title`:

 Each aforementioned sequence when referenced in an output template will be replaced by the actual value corresponding to the sequence name. E.g. for `-o %(title)s-%(id)s.%(ext)s` and an mp4 video with title `yt-dlp test video` and id `BaW_jenozKc`, this will result in a `yt-dlp test video-BaW_jenozKc.mp4` file created in the current directory.

-**Note**: Some of the sequences are not guaranteed to be present since they depend on the metadata obtained by a particular extractor. Such sequences will be replaced with placeholder value provided with `--output-na-placeholder` (`NA` by default).
+**Note**: Some of the sequences are not guaranteed to be present, since they depend on the metadata obtained by a particular extractor. Such sequences will be replaced with placeholder value provided with `--output-na-placeholder` (`NA` by default).

 **Tip**: Look at the `-j` output to identify which fields are available for the particular URL

-For numeric sequences you can use [numeric related formatting](https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#printf-style-string-formatting); e.g. `%(view_count)05d` will result in a string with view count padded with zeros up to 5 characters, like in `00042`.
+For numeric sequences, you can use [numeric related formatting](https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#printf-style-string-formatting); e.g. `%(view_count)05d` will result in a string with view count padded with zeros up to 5 characters, like in `00042`.

 Output templates can also contain arbitrary hierarchical path, e.g. `-o "%(playlist)s/%(playlist_index)s - %(title)s.%(ext)s"` which will result in downloading each video in a directory corresponding to this path template. Any missing directory will be automatically created for you.

@ -1407,7 +1415,7 @@ $ yt-dlp -P "C:/MyVideos" -o "%(series)s/%(season_number)s - %(season)s/%(episod

 # Download video as "C:\MyVideos\uploader\title.ext", subtitles as "C:\MyVideos\subs\uploader\title.ext"
 # and put all temporary files in "C:\MyVideos\tmp"
-$ yt-dlp -P "C:/MyVideos" -P "temp:tmp" -P "subtitle:subs" -o "%(uploader)s/%(title)s.%(ext)s" BaW_jenoz --write-subs
+$ yt-dlp -P "C:/MyVideos" -P "temp:tmp" -P "subtitle:subs" -o "%(uploader)s/%(title)s.%(ext)s" BaW_jenozKc --write-subs

 # Download video as "C:\MyVideos\uploader\title.ext" and subtitles as "C:\MyVideos\uploader\subs\title.ext"
 $ yt-dlp -P "C:/MyVideos" -o "%(uploader)s/%(title)s.%(ext)s" -o "subtitle:%(uploader)s/subs/%(title)s.%(ext)s" BaW_jenozKc --write-subs
@ -1439,7 +1447,7 @@ You can also use special names to select particular edge case formats:

 - `all`: Select **all formats** separately
 - `mergeall`: Select and **merge all formats** (Must be used with `--audio-multistreams`, `--video-multistreams` or both)
- - `b*`, `best*`: Select the best quality format that **contains either** a video or an audio or both (ie; `vcodec!=none or acodec!=none`)
+ - `b*`, `best*`: Select the best quality format that **contains either** a video or an audio or both (i.e.; `vcodec!=none or acodec!=none`)
 - `b`, `best`: Select the best quality format that **contains both** video and audio. Equivalent to `best*[vcodec!=none][acodec!=none]`
 - `bv`, `bestvideo`: Select the best quality **video-only** format. Equivalent to `best*[acodec=none]`
 - `bv*`, `bestvideo*`: Select the best quality format that **contains video**. It may also contain audio. Equivalent to `best*[vcodec!=none]`
@ -1452,7 +1460,7 @@ You can also use special names to select particular edge case formats:
 - `wa`, `worstaudio`: Select the worst quality audio-only format. Equivalent to `worst*[vcodec=none]`
 - `wa*`, `worstaudio*`: Select the worst quality format that contains audio. It may also contain video. Equivalent to `worst*[acodec!=none]`

-For example, to download the worst quality video-only format you can use `-f worstvideo`. It is however recommended not to use `worst` and related options. When your format selector is `worst`, the format which is worst in all respects is selected. Most of the time, what you actually want is the video with the smallest filesize instead. So it is generally better to use `-S +size` or more rigorously, `-S +size,+br,+res,+fps` instead of `-f worst`. See [Sorting Formats](#sorting-formats) for more details.
+For example, to download the worst quality video-only format you can use `-f worstvideo`. It is, however, recommended not to use `worst` and related options. When your format selector is `worst`, the format which is worst in all respects is selected. Most of the time, what you actually want is the video with the smallest filesize instead. So it is generally better to use `-S +size` or more rigorously, `-S +size,+br,+res,+fps` instead of `-f worst`. See [Sorting Formats](#sorting-formats) for more details.

 You can select the n'th best format of a type by using `best<type>.<n>`. For example, `best.2` will select the 2nd best combined format. Similarly, `bv*.3` will select the 3rd best format that contains a video stream.

@ -1502,7 +1510,7 @@ Also filtering work for comparisons `=` (equals), `^=` (starts with), `$=` (ends

 Any string comparison may be prefixed with negation `!` in order to produce an opposite comparison, e.g. `!*=` (does not contain). The comparand of a string comparison needs to be quoted with either double or single quotes if it contains spaces or special characters other than `._-`.

-**Note**: None of the aforementioned meta fields are guaranteed to be present since this solely depends on the metadata obtained by particular extractor, i.e. the metadata offered by the website. Any other field made available by the extractor can also be used for filtering.
+**Note**: None of the aforementioned meta fields are guaranteed to be present since this solely depends on the metadata obtained by the particular extractor, i.e. the metadata offered by the website. Any other field made available by the extractor can also be used for filtering.

 Formats for which the value is not known are excluded unless you put a question mark (`?`) after the operator. You can combine format filters, so `-f "bv[height<=?720][tbr>500]"` selects up to 720p videos (or videos where the height is not known) with a bitrate of at least 500 kbps. You can also use the filters with `all` to download all formats that satisfy the filter, e.g. `-f "all[vcodec=none]"` selects all audio-only formats.

@ -1541,14 +1549,14 @@ The available fields are:
 - `abr`: Average audio bitrate in [kbps](## "1000 bits/sec")
 - `br`: Average bitrate in [kbps](## "1000 bits/sec"), `tbr`/`vbr`/`abr`
 - `asr`: Audio sample rate in Hz
- 
+
 **Deprecation warning**: Many of these fields have (currently undocumented) aliases, that may be removed in a future version. It is recommended to use only the documented field names.

 All fields, unless specified otherwise, are sorted in descending order. To reverse this, prefix the field with a `+`. E.g. `+res` prefers format with the smallest resolution. Additionally, you can suffix a preferred value for the fields, separated by a `:`. E.g. `res:720` prefers larger videos, but no larger than 720p and the smallest video if there are no videos less than 720p. For `codec` and `ext`, you can provide two preferred values, the first for video and the second for audio. E.g. `+codec:avc:m4a` (equivalent to `+vcodec:avc,+acodec:m4a`) sets the video codec preference to `h264` > `h265` > `vp9` > `vp9.2` > `av01` > `vp8` > `h263` > `theora` and audio codec preference to `mp4a` > `aac` > `vorbis` > `opus` > `mp3` > `ac3` > `dts`. You can also make the sorting prefer the nearest values to the provided by using `~` as the delimiter. E.g. `filesize~1G` prefers the format with filesize closest to 1 GiB.

-The fields `hasvid` and `ie_pref` are always given highest priority in sorting, irrespective of the user-defined order. This behaviour can be changed by using `--format-sort-force`. Apart from these, the default order used is: `lang,quality,res,fps,hdr:12,vcodec:vp9.2,channels,acodec,size,br,asr,proto,ext,hasaud,source,id`. The extractors may override this default order, but they cannot override the user-provided order.
+The fields `hasvid` and `ie_pref` are always given highest priority in sorting, irrespective of the user-defined order. This behavior can be changed by using `--format-sort-force`. Apart from these, the default order used is: `lang,quality,res,fps,hdr:12,vcodec,channels,acodec,size,br,asr,proto,ext,hasaud,source,id`. The extractors may override this default order, but they cannot override the user-provided order.

-Note that the default has `vcodec:vp9.2`; i.e. `av1` is not preferred. Similarly, the default for hdr is `hdr:12`; i.e. dolby vision is not preferred. These choices are made since DV and AV1 formats are not yet fully compatible with most devices. This may be changed in the future as more devices become capable of smoothly playing back these formats.
+Note that the default for hdr is `hdr:12`; i.e. Dolby Vision is not preferred. This choice was made since DV formats are not yet fully compatible with most devices. This may be changed in the future.

 If your format selector is `worst`, the last item is selected after sorting. This means it will select the format that is worst in all respects. Most of the time, what you actually want is the video with the smallest filesize instead. So it is generally better to use `-f best -S +size,+br,+res,+fps`.

@ -1625,11 +1633,11 @@ $ yt-dlp -S "res:480"
 # or the worst video (that also has audio) if there is no video under 50 MB
 $ yt-dlp -f "b[filesize<50M] / w"

-# Download largest video (that also has audio) but no bigger than 50 MB,
+# Download the largest video (that also has audio) but no bigger than 50 MB,
 # or the smallest video (that also has audio) if there is no video under 50 MB
 $ yt-dlp -f "b" -S "filesize:50M"

-# Download best video (that also has audio) that is closest in size to 50 MB
+# Download the best video (that also has audio) that is closest in size to 50 MB
 $ yt-dlp -f "b" -S "filesize~50M"


@ -1685,7 +1693,7 @@ The metadata obtained by the extractors can be modified by using `--parse-metada

 The general syntax of `--parse-metadata FROM:TO` is to give the name of a field or an [output template](#output-template) to extract data from, and the format to interpret it as, separated by a colon `:`. Either a [Python regular expression](https://docs.python.org/3/library/re.html#regular-expression-syntax) with named capture groups, a single field name, or a similar syntax to the [output template](#output-template) (only `%(field)s` formatting is supported) can be used for `TO`. The option can be used multiple times to parse and modify various fields.

-Note that these options preserve their relative order, allowing replacements to be made in parsed fields and viceversa. Also, any field thus created can be used in the [output template](#output-template) and will also affect the media file's metadata added when using `--embed-metadata`.
+Note that these options preserve their relative order, allowing replacements to be made in parsed fields and vice versa. Also, any field thus created can be used in the [output template](#output-template) and will also affect the media file's metadata added when using `--embed-metadata`.

 This option also has a few special uses:

@ -1751,7 +1759,7 @@ $ yt-dlp --replace-in-metadata "title,uploader" "[ _]" "-"

 # EXTRACTOR ARGUMENTS

-Some extractors accept additional arguments which can be passed using `--extractor-args KEY:ARGS`. `ARGS` is a `;` (semicolon) separated string of `ARG=VAL1,VAL2`. E.g. `--extractor-args "youtube:player-client=android_embedded,web;include_live_dash" --extractor-args "funimation:version=uncut"`
+Some extractors accept additional arguments which can be passed using `--extractor-args KEY:ARGS`. `ARGS` is a `;` (semicolon) separated string of `ARG=VAL1,VAL2`. E.g. `--extractor-args "youtube:player-client=mediaconnect,web;formats=incomplete" --extractor-args "funimation:version=uncut"`

 Note: In CLI, `ARG` can use `-` instead of `_`; e.g. `youtube:player-client"` becomes `youtube:player_client"`

@ -1760,7 +1768,7 @@ The following extractors use this feature:
 #### youtube
 * `lang`: Prefer translated metadata (`title`, `description` etc) of this language code (case-sensitive). By default, the video primary language metadata is preferred, with a fallback to `en` translated. See [youtube.py](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/blob/c26f9b991a0681fd3ea548d535919cec1fbbd430/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube.py#L381-L390) for list of supported content language codes
 * `skip`: One or more of `hls`, `dash` or `translated_subs` to skip extraction of the m3u8 manifests, dash manifests and [auto-translated subtitles](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/4090#issuecomment-1158102032) respectively
-* `player_client`: Clients to extract video data from. The main clients are `web`, `android` and `ios` with variants `_music`, `_embedded`, `_embedscreen`, `_creator` (e.g. `web_embedded`); and `mweb`, `mweb_embedscreen` and `tv_embedded` (agegate bypass) with no variants. By default, `ios,android,web` is used, but `tv_embedded` and `creator` variants are added as required for age-gated videos. Similarly, the music variants are added for `music.youtube.com` urls. You can use `all` to use all the clients, and `default` for the default clients.
+* `player_client`: Clients to extract video data from. The main clients are `web`, `ios` and `android`, with variants `_music` and `_creator` (e.g. `ios_creator`); and `mweb`, `mediaconnect`, `android_testsuite`, `android_vr`, `web_safari`, `web_embedded`, `tv` and `tv_embedded` with no variants. By default, `ios,mweb` is used, and `web_creator,mediaconnect` is added as needed for age-gated videos when account age verification is required. Similarly, the `_music` variants are added for `music.youtube.com` URLs. Some clients, such as `web` and `android`, require a `po_token` for their formats to be downloadable. Some clients, such as the `_creator` variants, will only work with authentication. You can use `all` to use all the clients, and `default` for the default clients. You can prefix a client with `-` to exclude it, e.g. `youtube:player_client=all,-web`
 * `player_skip`: Skip some network requests that are generally needed for robust extraction. One or more of `configs` (skip client configs), `webpage` (skip initial webpage), `js` (skip js player). While these options can help reduce the number of requests needed or avoid some rate-limiting, they could cause some issues. See [#860](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/pull/860) for more details
 * `player_params`: YouTube player parameters to use for player requests. Will overwrite any default ones set by yt-dlp.
 * `comment_sort`: `top` or `new` (default) - choose comment sorting mode (on YouTube's side)
@ -1768,18 +1776,23 @@ The following extractors use this feature:
    * E.g. `all,all,1000,10` will get a maximum of 1000 replies total, with up to 10 replies per thread. `1000,all,100` will get a maximum of 1000 comments, with a maximum of 100 replies total
 * `formats`: Change the types of formats to return. `dashy` (convert HTTP to DASH), `duplicate` (identical content but different URLs or protocol; includes `dashy`), `incomplete` (cannot be downloaded completely - live dash and post-live m3u8)
 * `innertube_host`: Innertube API host to use for all API requests; e.g. `studio.youtube.com`, `youtubei.googleapis.com`. Note that cookies exported from one subdomain will not work on others
-* `innertube_key`: Innertube API key to use for all API requests
+* `innertube_key`: Innertube API key to use for all API requests. By default, no API key is used
 * `raise_incomplete_data`: `Incomplete Data Received` raises an error instead of reporting a warning
+* `data_sync_id`: Overrides the account Data Sync ID used in Innertube API requests. This may be needed if you are using an account with `youtube:player_skip=webpage,configs` or `youtubetab:skip=webpage`
+* `visitor_data`: Overrides the Visitor Data used in Innertube API requests. This should be used with `player_skip=webpage,configs` and without cookies. Note: this may have adverse effects if used improperly. If a session from a browser is wanted, you should pass cookies instead (which contain the Visitor ID)
+* `po_token`:  Proof of Origin (PO) Token(s) to use for requesting video playback. Comma seperated list of PO Tokens in the format `CLIENT+PO_TOKEN`, e.g. `youtube:po_token=web+XXX,android+YYY`

 #### youtubetab (YouTube playlists, channels, feeds, etc.)
 * `skip`: One or more of `webpage` (skip initial webpage download), `authcheck` (allow the download of playlists requiring authentication when no initial webpage is downloaded. This may cause unwanted behavior, see [#1122](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/pull/1122) for more details)
 * `approximate_date`: Extract approximate `upload_date` and `timestamp` in flat-playlist. This may cause date-based filters to be slightly off

 #### generic
-* `fragment_query`: Passthrough any query in mpd/m3u8 manifest URLs to their fragments if no value is provided, or else apply the query string given as `fragment_query=VALUE`. Does not apply to ffmpeg
+* `fragment_query`: Passthrough any query in mpd/m3u8 manifest URLs to their fragments if no value is provided, or else apply the query string given as `fragment_query=VALUE`. Note that if the stream has an HLS AES-128 key, then the query parameters will be passed to the key URI as well, unless the `key_query` extractor-arg is passed, or unless an external key URI is provided via the `hls_key` extractor-arg. Does not apply to ffmpeg
 * `variant_query`: Passthrough the master m3u8 URL query to its variant playlist URLs if no value is provided, or else apply the query string given as `variant_query=VALUE`
+* `key_query`: Passthrough the master m3u8 URL query to its HLS AES-128 decryption key URI if no value is provided, or else apply the query string given as `key_query=VALUE`. Note that this will have no effect if the key URI is provided via the `hls_key` extractor-arg. Does not apply to ffmpeg
 * `hls_key`: An HLS AES-128 key URI *or* key (as hex), and optionally the IV (as hex), in the form of `(URI|KEY)[,IV]`; e.g. `generic:hls_key=ABCDEF1234567980,0xFEDCBA0987654321`. Passing any of these values will force usage of the native HLS downloader and override the corresponding values found in the m3u8 playlist
 * `is_live`: Bypass live HLS detection and manually set `live_status` - a value of `false` will set `not_live`, any other value (or no value) will set `is_live`
+* `impersonate`: Target(s) to try and impersonate with the initial webpage request; e.g. `generic:impersonate=safari,chrome-110`. Use `generic:impersonate` to impersonate any available target, and use `generic:impersonate=false` to disable impersonation (default)

 #### funimation
 * `language`: Audio languages to extract, e.g. `funimation:language=english,japanese`
@ -1813,8 +1826,9 @@ The following extractors use this feature:
 * `app_name`: Default app name to use with mobile API calls, e.g. `trill`
 * `app_version`: Default app version to use with mobile API calls - should be set along with `manifest_app_version`, e.g. `34.1.2`
 * `manifest_app_version`: Default numeric app version to use with mobile API calls, e.g. `2023401020`
-* `aid`: Default app ID to use with API calls, e.g. `1180`
-* `app_info`: One or more app info strings in the format of `<iid>/[app_name]/[app_version]/[manifest_app_version]/[aid]`, where `iid` is the unique app install ID. `iid` is the only required value; all other values and their `/` separators can be omitted, e.g. `tiktok:app_info=1234567890123456789` or `tiktok:app_info=123,456/trill///1180,789//34.0.1/340001`
+* `aid`: Default app ID to use with mobile API calls, e.g. `1180`
+* `app_info`: Enable mobile API extraction with one or more app info strings in the format of `<iid>/[app_name]/[app_version]/[manifest_app_version]/[aid]`, where `iid` is the unique app install ID. `iid` is the only required value; all other values and their `/` separators can be omitted, e.g. `tiktok:app_info=1234567890123456789` or `tiktok:app_info=123,456/trill///1180,789//34.0.1/340001`
+* `device_id`: Enable mobile API extraction with a genuine device ID to be used with mobile API calls. Default is a random 19-digit string

 #### rokfinchannel
 * `tab`: Which tab to download - one of `new`, `top`, `videos`, `podcasts`, `streams`, `stacks`
@ -1834,12 +1848,27 @@ The following extractors use this feature:
 #### nflplusreplay
 * `type`: Type(s) of game replays to extract. Valid types are: `full_game`, `full_game_spanish`, `condensed_game` and `all_22`. You can use `all` to extract all available replay types, which is the default

+#### jiocinema
+* `refresh_token`: The `refreshToken` UUID from browser local storage can be passed to extend the life of your login session when logging in with `token` as username and the `accessToken` from browser local storage as password
+
 #### jiosaavn
 * `bitrate`: Audio bitrates to request. One or more of `16`, `32`, `64`, `128`, `320`. Default is `128,320`

 #### afreecatvlive
 * `cdn`: One or more CDN IDs to use with the API call for stream URLs, e.g. `gcp_cdn`, `gs_cdn_pc_app`, `gs_cdn_mobile_web`, `gs_cdn_pc_web`

+#### soundcloud
+* `formats`: Formats to request from the API. Requested values should be in the format of `{protocol}_{extension}` (omitting the bitrate), e.g. `hls_opus,http_aac`. The `*` character functions as a wildcard, e.g. `*_mp3`, and can be passed by itself to request all formats. Known protocols include `http`, `hls` and `hls-aes`; known extensions include `aac`, `opus` and `mp3`. Original `download` formats are always extracted. Default is `http_aac,hls_aac,http_opus,hls_opus,http_mp3,hls_mp3`
+
+#### orfon (orf:on)
+* `prefer_segments_playlist`: Prefer a playlist of program segments instead of a single complete video when available. If individual segments are desired, use `--concat-playlist never --extractor-args "orfon:prefer_segments_playlist"`
+
+#### bilibili
+* `prefer_multi_flv`: Prefer extracting flv formats over mp4 for older videos that still provide legacy formats
+
+#### digitalconcerthall
+* `prefer_combined_hls`: Prefer extracting combined/pre-merged video and audio HLS formats. This will exclude 4K/HEVC video and lossless/FLAC audio formats, which are only available as split video/audio HLS formats
+
 **Note**: These options may be changed/removed in the future without concern for backward compatibility

 <!-- MANPAGE: MOVE "INSTALLATION" SECTION HERE -->
@ -1849,16 +1878,16 @@ The following extractors use this feature:

 Note that **all** plugins are imported even if not invoked, and that **there are no checks** performed on plugin code. **Use plugins at your own risk and only if you trust the code!**

-Plugins can be of `<type>`s `extractor` or `postprocessor`. 
- Extractor plugins do not need to be enabled from the CLI and are automatically invoked when the input URL is suitable for it. 
- Extractor plugins take priority over builtin extractors.
+Plugins can be of `<type>`s `extractor` or `postprocessor`.
+- Extractor plugins do not need to be enabled from the CLI and are automatically invoked when the input URL is suitable for it.
+- Extractor plugins take priority over built-in extractors.
 - Postprocessor plugins can be invoked using `--use-postprocessor NAME`.


 Plugins are loaded from the namespace packages `yt_dlp_plugins.extractor` and `yt_dlp_plugins.postprocessor`.

 In other words, the file structure on the disk looks something like:
-    
+
        yt_dlp_plugins/
            extractor/
                myplugin.py
@ -1866,6 +1895,7 @@ In other words, the file structure on the disk looks something like:
                myplugin.py

 yt-dlp looks for these `yt_dlp_plugins` namespace folders in many locations (see below) and loads in plugins from **all** of them.
+Set the environment variable `YTDLP_NO_PLUGINS` to something nonempty to disable loading plugins entirely.

 See the [wiki for some known plugins](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/wiki/Plugins)

@ -1893,7 +1923,7 @@ Plugins can be installed using various methods and locations.
    * Plugin packages can be installed and managed using `pip`. See [yt-dlp-sample-plugins](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp-sample-plugins) for an example.
      * Note: plugin files between plugin packages installed with pip must have unique filenames.
    * Any path in `PYTHONPATH` is searched in for the `yt_dlp_plugins` namespace folder.
-      * Note: This does not apply for Pyinstaller/py2exe builds.
+      * Note: This does not apply for Pyinstaller builds.


 `.zip`, `.egg` and `.whl` archives containing a `yt_dlp_plugins` namespace folder in their root are also supported as plugin packages.
@ -1906,7 +1936,7 @@ Run yt-dlp with `--verbose` to check if the plugin has been loaded.

 See the [yt-dlp-sample-plugins](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp-sample-plugins) repo for a template plugin package and the [Plugin Development](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/wiki/Plugin-Development) section of the wiki for a plugin development guide.

-All public classes with a name ending in `IE`/`PP` are imported from each file for extractors and postprocessors repectively. This respects underscore prefix (e.g. `_MyBasePluginIE` is private) and `__all__`. Modules can similarly be excluded by prefixing the module name with an underscore (e.g. `_myplugin.py`).
+All public classes with a name ending in `IE`/`PP` are imported from each file for extractors and postprocessors respectively. This respects underscore prefix (e.g. `_MyBasePluginIE` is private) and `__all__`. Modules can similarly be excluded by prefixing the module name with an underscore (e.g. `_myplugin.py`).

 To replace an existing extractor with a subclass of one, set the `plugin_name` class keyword argument (e.g. `class MyPluginIE(ABuiltInIE, plugin_name='myplugin')` will replace `ABuiltInIE` with `MyPluginIE`). Since the extractor replaces the parent, you should exclude the subclass extractor from being imported separately by making it private using one of the methods described above.

@ -1918,7 +1948,7 @@ See the [Developer Instructions](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/blob/master/CO

 yt-dlp makes the best effort to be a good command-line program, and thus should be callable from any programming language.

-Your program should avoid parsing the normal stdout since they may change in future versions. Instead they should use options such as `-J`, `--print`, `--progress-template`, `--exec` etc to create console output that you can reliably reproduce and parse.
+Your program should avoid parsing the normal stdout since they may change in future versions. Instead, they should use options such as `-J`, `--print`, `--progress-template`, `--exec` etc to create console output that you can reliably reproduce and parse.

 From a Python program, you can embed yt-dlp in a more powerful fashion, like this:

@ -2116,7 +2146,7 @@ with yt_dlp.YoutubeDL(ydl_opts) as ydl:

 ### New features

-* Forked from [**yt-dlc@f9401f2**](https://github.com/blackjack4494/yt-dlc/commit/f9401f2a91987068139c5f757b12fc711d4c0cee) and merged with [**youtube-dl@be008e6**](https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/commit/be008e657d79832642e2158557c899249c9e31cd) ([exceptions](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/21))
+* Forked from [**yt-dlc@f9401f2**](https://github.com/blackjack4494/yt-dlc/commit/f9401f2a91987068139c5f757b12fc711d4c0cee) and merged with [**youtube-dl@a08f2b7**](https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/commit/a08f2b7e4567cdc50c0614ee0a4ffdff49b8b6e6) ([exceptions](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/21))

 * **[SponsorBlock Integration](#sponsorblock-options)**: You can mark/remove sponsor sections in YouTube videos by utilizing the [SponsorBlock](https://sponsor.ajay.app) API

@ -2127,9 +2157,9 @@ with yt_dlp.YoutubeDL(ydl_opts) as ydl:
 * **YouTube improvements**:
    * Supports Clips, Stories (`ytstories:<channel UCID>`), Search (including filters)**\***, YouTube Music Search, Channel-specific search, Search prefixes (`ytsearch:`, `ytsearchdate:`)**\***, Mixes, and Feeds (`:ytfav`, `:ytwatchlater`, `:ytsubs`, `:ythistory`, `:ytrec`, `:ytnotif`)
    * Fix for [n-sig based throttling](https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/29326) **\***
-    * Supports some (but not all) age-gated content without cookies
    * Download livestreams from the start using `--live-from-start` (*experimental*)
    * Channel URLs download all uploads of the channel, including shorts and live
+    * Support for [logging in with OAuth](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/wiki/Extractors#logging-in-with-oauth)

 * **Cookies from browser**: Cookies can be automatically extracted from all major web browsers using `--cookies-from-browser BROWSER[+KEYRING][:PROFILE][::CONTAINER]`

@ -2153,9 +2183,9 @@ with yt_dlp.YoutubeDL(ydl_opts) as ydl:

 * **Output template improvements**: Output templates can now have date-time formatting, numeric offsets, object traversal etc. See [output template](#output-template) for details. Even more advanced operations can also be done with the help of `--parse-metadata` and `--replace-in-metadata`

-* **Other new options**: Many new options have been added such as `--alias`, `--print`, `--concat-playlist`, `--wait-for-video`, `--retry-sleep`, `--sleep-requests`, `--convert-thumbnails`, `--force-download-archive`, `--force-overwrites`, `--break-match-filter` etc
+* **Other new options**: Many new options have been added such as `--alias`, `--print`, `--concat-playlist`, `--wait-for-video`, `--retry-sleep`, `--sleep-requests`, `--convert-thumbnails`, `--force-download-archive`, `--force-overwrites`, `--break-match-filters` etc

-* **Improvements**: Regex and other operators in `--format`/`--match-filter`, multiple `--postprocessor-args` and `--downloader-args`, faster archive checking, more [format selection options](#format-selection), merge multi-video/audio, multiple `--config-locations`, `--exec` at different stages, etc
+* **Improvements**: Regex and other operators in `--format`/`--match-filters`, multiple `--postprocessor-args` and `--downloader-args`, faster archive checking, more [format selection options](#format-selection), merge multi-video/audio, multiple `--config-locations`, `--exec` at different stages, etc

 * **Plugins**: Extractors and PostProcessors can be loaded from an external file. See [plugins](#plugins) for details

@ -2171,12 +2201,12 @@ Features marked with a **\*** have been back-ported to youtube-dl

 Some of yt-dlp's default options are different from that of youtube-dl and youtube-dlc:

-* yt-dlp supports only [Python 3.8+](## "Windows 7"), and *may* remove support for more versions as they [become EOL](https://devguide.python.org/versions/#python-release-cycle); while [youtube-dl still supports Python 2.6+ and 3.2+](https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/30568#issue-1118238743)
+* yt-dlp supports only [Python 3.9+](## "Windows 8"), and will remove support for more versions as they [become EOL](https://devguide.python.org/versions/#python-release-cycle); while [youtube-dl still supports Python 2.6+ and 3.2+](https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/30568#issue-1118238743)
 * The options `--auto-number` (`-A`), `--title` (`-t`) and `--literal` (`-l`), no longer work. See [removed options](#Removed) for details
 * `avconv` is not supported as an alternative to `ffmpeg`
 * yt-dlp stores config files in slightly different locations to youtube-dl. See [CONFIGURATION](#configuration) for a list of correct locations
 * The default [output template](#output-template) is `%(title)s [%(id)s].%(ext)s`. There is no real reason for this change. This was changed before yt-dlp was ever made public and now there are no plans to change it back to `%(title)s-%(id)s.%(ext)s`. Instead, you may use `--compat-options filename`
-* The default [format sorting](#sorting-formats) is different from youtube-dl and prefers higher resolution and better codecs rather than higher bitrates. You can use the `--format-sort` option to change this to any order you prefer, or use `--compat-options format-sort` to use youtube-dl's sorting order
+* The default [format sorting](#sorting-formats) is different from youtube-dl and prefers higher resolution and better codecs rather than higher bitrates. You can use the `--format-sort` option to change this to any order you prefer, or use `--compat-options format-sort` to use youtube-dl's sorting order. Older versions of yt-dlp preferred VP9 due to its broader compatibility; you can use `--compat-options prefer-vp9-sort` to revert to that format sorting preference. These two compat options cannot be used together
 * The default format selector is `bv*+ba/b`. This means that if a combined video + audio format that is better than the best video-only format is found, the former will be preferred. Use `-f bv+ba/b` or `--compat-options format-spec` to revert this
 * Unlike youtube-dlc, yt-dlp does not allow merging multiple audio/video streams into one file by default (since this conflicts with the use of `-f bv*+ba`). If needed, this feature must be enabled using `--audio-multistreams` and `--video-multistreams`. You can also use `--compat-options multistreams` to enable both
 * `--no-abort-on-error` is enabled by default. Use `--abort-on-error` or `--compat-options abort-on-error` to abort on errors instead
@ -2196,19 +2226,28 @@ Some of yt-dlp's default options are different from that of youtube-dl and youtu
 * `certifi` will be used for SSL root certificates, if installed. If you want to use system certificates (e.g. self-signed), use `--compat-options no-certifi`
 * yt-dlp's sanitization of invalid characters in filenames is different/smarter than in youtube-dl. You can use `--compat-options filename-sanitization` to revert to youtube-dl's behavior
 * ~~yt-dlp tries to parse the external downloader outputs into the standard progress output if possible (Currently implemented: [aria2c](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/5931)). You can use `--compat-options no-external-downloader-progress` to get the downloader output as-is~~
-* yt-dlp versions between 2021.09.01 and 2023.01.02 applies `--match-filter` to nested playlists. This was an unintentional side-effect of [8f18ac](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/8f18aca8717bb0dd49054555af8d386e5eda3a88) and is fixed in [d7b460](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d7b460d0e5fc710950582baed2e3fc616ed98a80). Use `--compat-options playlist-match-filter` to revert this
+* yt-dlp versions between 2021.09.01 and 2023.01.02 applies `--match-filters` to nested playlists. This was an unintentional side-effect of [8f18ac](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/8f18aca8717bb0dd49054555af8d386e5eda3a88) and is fixed in [d7b460](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d7b460d0e5fc710950582baed2e3fc616ed98a80). Use `--compat-options playlist-match-filter` to revert this
 * yt-dlp versions between 2021.11.10 and 2023.06.21 estimated `filesize_approx` values for fragmented/manifest formats. This was added for convenience in [f2fe69](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f2fe69c7b0d208bdb1f6292b4ae92bc1e1a7444a), but was reverted in [0dff8e](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0dff8e4d1e6e9fb938f4256ea9af7d81f42fd54f) due to the potentially extreme inaccuracy of the estimated values. Use `--compat-options manifest-filesize-approx` to keep extracting the estimated values
 * yt-dlp uses modern http client backends such as `requests`. Use `--compat-options prefer-legacy-http-handler` to prefer the legacy http handler (`urllib`) to be used for standard http requests.
 * The sub-modules `swfinterp`, `casefold` are removed.
+* Passing `--simulate` (or calling `extract_info` with `download=False`) no longer alters the default format selection. See [#9843](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9843) for details.

 For ease of use, a few more compat options are available:

-* `--compat-options all`: Use all compat options (Do NOT use)
-* `--compat-options youtube-dl`: Same as `--compat-options all,-multistreams,-playlist-match-filter,-manifest-filesize-approx`
-* `--compat-options youtube-dlc`: Same as `--compat-options all,-no-live-chat,-no-youtube-channel-redirect,-playlist-match-filter,-manifest-filesize-approx`
+* `--compat-options all`: Use all compat options (**Do NOT use this!**)
+* `--compat-options youtube-dl`: Same as `--compat-options all,-multistreams,-playlist-match-filter,-manifest-filesize-approx,-allow-unsafe-ext,-prefer-vp9-sort`
+* `--compat-options youtube-dlc`: Same as `--compat-options all,-no-live-chat,-no-youtube-channel-redirect,-playlist-match-filter,-manifest-filesize-approx,-allow-unsafe-ext,-prefer-vp9-sort`
 * `--compat-options 2021`: Same as `--compat-options 2022,no-certifi,filename-sanitization,no-youtube-prefer-utc-upload-date`
 * `--compat-options 2022`: Same as `--compat-options 2023,playlist-match-filter,no-external-downloader-progress,prefer-legacy-http-handler,manifest-filesize-approx`
-* `--compat-options 2023`: Currently does nothing. Use this to enable all future compat options
+* `--compat-options 2023`: Same as `--compat-options prefer-vp9-sort`. Use this to enable all future compat options
+
+The following compat options restore vulnerable behavior from before security patches:
+
+* `--compat-options allow-unsafe-ext`: Allow files with any extension (including unsafe ones) to be downloaded ([GHSA-79w7-vh3h-8g4j](<https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/security/advisories/GHSA-79w7-vh3h-8g4j>))
+
+    > :warning: Only use if a valid file download is rejected because its extension is detected as uncommon
+    >
+    > **This option can enable remote code execution! Consider [opening an issue](<https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/new/choose>) instead!**

 ### Deprecated options

@ -2233,13 +2272,13 @@ While these options are redundant, they are still expected to be used due to the
    --get-thumbnail                  --print thumbnail
    -e, --get-title                  --print title
    -g, --get-url                    --print urls
-    --match-title REGEX              --match-filter "title ~= (?i)REGEX"
-    --reject-title REGEX             --match-filter "title !~= (?i)REGEX"
-    --min-views COUNT                --match-filter "view_count >=? COUNT"
-    --max-views COUNT                --match-filter "view_count <=? COUNT"
-    --break-on-reject                Use --break-match-filter
-    --user-agent UA                  --add-header "User-Agent:UA"
-    --referer URL                    --add-header "Referer:URL"
+    --match-title REGEX              --match-filters "title ~= (?i)REGEX"
+    --reject-title REGEX             --match-filters "title !~= (?i)REGEX"
+    --min-views COUNT                --match-filters "view_count >=? COUNT"
+    --max-views COUNT                --match-filters "view_count <=? COUNT"
+    --break-on-reject                Use --break-match-filters
+    --user-agent UA                  --add-headers "User-Agent:UA"
+    --referer URL                    --add-headers "Referer:URL"
    --playlist-start NUMBER          -I NUMBER:
    --playlist-end NUMBER            -I :NUMBER
    --playlist-reverse               -I ::-1
@ -2326,6 +2365,7 @@ These options may no longer work as intended
    --write-annotations              No supported site has annotations now
    --no-write-annotations           Default
    --compat-options seperate-video-versions  No longer needed
+    --compat-options no-youtube-prefer-utc-upload-date  No longer supported

 #### Removed
 These options were deprecated since 2014 and have now been entirely removed
--- a/bundle/docker/static/entrypoint.sh
+++ b/bundle/docker/static/entrypoint.sh
@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 set -e

 source ~/.local/share/pipx/venvs/pyinstaller/bin/activate
-python -m devscripts.install_deps --include secretstorage
+python -m devscripts.install_deps --include secretstorage --include curl-cffi
 python -m devscripts.make_lazy_extractors
 python devscripts/update-version.py -c "${channel}" -r "${origin}" "${version}"
 python -m bundle.pyinstaller
--- a/bundle/py2exe.py
+++ b/bundle/py2exe.py
@ -1,59 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
-
-# Allow execution from anywhere
-import os
-import sys
-
-sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))
-
-import warnings
-
-from py2exe import freeze
-
-from devscripts.utils import read_version
-
-VERSION = read_version()
-
-
-def main():
-    warnings.warn(
-        'py2exe builds do not support pycryptodomex and needs VC++14 to run. '
-        'It is recommended to run "pyinst.py" to build using pyinstaller instead')
-
-    freeze(
-        console=[{
-            'script': './yt_dlp/__main__.py',
-            'dest_base': 'yt-dlp',
-            'icon_resources': [(1, 'devscripts/logo.ico')],
-        }],
-        version_info={
-            'version': VERSION,
-            'description': 'A feature-rich command-line audio/video downloader',
-            'comments': 'Official repository: <https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp>',
-            'product_name': 'yt-dlp',
-            'product_version': VERSION,
-        },
-        options={
-            'bundle_files': 0,
-            'compressed': 1,
-            'optimize': 2,
-            'dist_dir': './dist',
-            'excludes': [
-                # py2exe cannot import Crypto
-                'Crypto',
-                'Cryptodome',
-                # py2exe appears to confuse this with our socks library.
-                # We don't use pysocks and urllib3.contrib.socks would fail to import if tried.
-                'urllib3.contrib.socks'
-            ],
-            'dll_excludes': ['w9xpopen.exe', 'crypt32.dll'],
-            # Modules that are only imported dynamically must be added here
-            'includes': ['yt_dlp.compat._legacy', 'yt_dlp.compat._deprecated',
-                         'yt_dlp.utils._legacy', 'yt_dlp.utils._deprecated'],
-        },
-        zipfile=None,
-    )
-
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    main()
--- a/bundle/pyinstaller.py
+++ b/bundle/pyinstaller.py
@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ def exe(onedir):
        'dist/',
        onedir and f'{name}/',
        name,
-        OS_NAME == 'win32' and '.exe'
+        OS_NAME == 'win32' and '.exe',
    )))


@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ def windows_set_version(exe, version):
        ),
        kids=[
            StringFileInfo([StringTable('040904B0', [
-                StringStruct('Comments', 'yt-dlp%s Command Line Interface' % suffix),
+                StringStruct('Comments', f'yt-dlp{suffix} Command Line Interface'),
                StringStruct('CompanyName', 'https://github.com/yt-dlp'),
                StringStruct('FileDescription', 'yt-dlp%s' % (MACHINE and f' ({MACHINE})')),
                StringStruct('FileVersion', version),
@ -123,8 +123,8 @@ def windows_set_version(exe, version):
                StringStruct('ProductName', f'yt-dlp{suffix}'),
                StringStruct(
                    'ProductVersion', f'{version}{suffix} on Python {platform.python_version()}'),
-            ])]), VarFileInfo([VarStruct('Translation', [0, 1200])])
-        ]
+            ])]), VarFileInfo([VarStruct('Translation', [0, 1200])]),
+        ],
    ))


--- a/devscripts/bash-completion.py
+++ b/devscripts/bash-completion.py
@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))

 import yt_dlp

-BASH_COMPLETION_FILE = "completions/bash/yt-dlp"
-BASH_COMPLETION_TEMPLATE = "devscripts/bash-completion.in"
+BASH_COMPLETION_FILE = 'completions/bash/yt-dlp'
+BASH_COMPLETION_TEMPLATE = 'devscripts/bash-completion.in'


 def build_completion(opt_parser):
@ -21,9 +21,9 @@ def build_completion(opt_parser):
            opts_flag.append(option.get_opt_string())
    with open(BASH_COMPLETION_TEMPLATE) as f:
        template = f.read()
-    with open(BASH_COMPLETION_FILE, "w") as f:
+    with open(BASH_COMPLETION_FILE, 'w') as f:
        # just using the special char
-        filled_template = template.replace("{{flags}}", " ".join(opts_flag))
+        filled_template = template.replace('{{flags}}', ' '.join(opts_flag))
        f.write(filled_template)


--- a/devscripts/changelog_override.json
+++ b/devscripts/changelog_override.json
@ -147,5 +147,92 @@
        "action": "add",
        "when": "9590cc6b4768e190183d7d071a6c78170889116a",
        "short": "[priority] Security: [[CVE-2024-22423](https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2024-22423)] [Prevent RCE when using `--exec` with `%q` on Windows](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/security/advisories/GHSA-hjq6-52gw-2g7p)\n    - The shell escape function now properly escapes `%`, `\\` and `\\n`.\n    - `utils.Popen` has been patched accordingly."
+    },
+    {
+        "action": "change",
+        "when": "41ba4a808b597a3afed78c89675a30deb6844450",
+        "short": "[ie/tiktok] Extract via mobile API only if extractor-arg is passed (#9938)",
+        "authors": ["bashonly"]
+    },
+    {
+        "action": "remove",
+        "when": "6e36d17f404556f0e3a43f441c477a71a91877d9"
+    },
+    {
+        "action": "change",
+        "when": "beaf832c7a9d57833f365ce18f6115b88071b296",
+        "short": "[ie/soundcloud] Add `formats` extractor-arg (#10004)",
+        "authors": ["bashonly", "Grub4K"]
+    },
+    {
+        "action": "change",
+        "when": "5c019f6328ad40d66561eac3c4de0b3cd070d0f6",
+        "short": "[cleanup] Misc (#9765)",
+        "authors": ["bashonly", "Grub4K", "seproDev"]
+    },
+    {
+        "action": "change",
+        "when": "e6a22834df1776ec4e486526f6df2bf53cb7e06f",
+        "short": "[ie/orf:on] Add `prefer_segments_playlist` extractor-arg (#10314)",
+        "authors": ["seproDev"]
+    },
+    {
+        "action": "add",
+        "when": "6aaf96a3d6e7d0d426e97e11a2fcf52fda00e733",
+        "short": "[priority] Security: [[CVE-2024-38519](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-38519)] [Properly sanitize file-extension to prevent file system modification and RCE](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/security/advisories/GHSA-79w7-vh3h-8g4j)\n    - Unsafe extensions are now blocked from being downloaded"
+    },
+    {
+        "action": "add",
+        "when": "6075a029dba70a89675ae1250e7cdfd91f0eba41",
+        "short": "[priority] Security: [[ie/douyutv] Do not use dangerous javascript source/URL](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/security/advisories/GHSA-3v33-3wmw-3785)\n    - A dependency on potentially malicious third-party JavaScript code has been removed from the Douyu extractors"
+    },
+    {
+        "action": "add",
+        "when": "fb8b7f226d251e521a89b23c415e249e5b788e5c",
+        "short": "[priority] **The minimum *recommended* Python version has been raised to 3.9**\nSince Python 3.8 will reach end-of-life in October 2024, support for it will be dropped soon. [Read more](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10086)"
+    },
+    {
+        "action": "change",
+        "when": "b31b81d85f00601710d4fac590c3e4efb4133283",
+        "short": "[ci] Rerun failed tests (#11143)",
+        "authors": ["Grub4K"]
+    },
+    {
+        "action": "add",
+        "when": "a886cf3e900f4a2ec00af705f883539269545609",
+        "short": "[priority] **py2exe is no longer supported**\nThis release's `yt-dlp_min.exe` will be the last, and it's actually a PyInstaller-bundled executable so that yt-dlp users updating their py2exe build with `-U` will be automatically migrated. [Read more](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10087)"
+    },
+    {
+        "action": "add",
+        "when": "a886cf3e900f4a2ec00af705f883539269545609",
+        "short": "[priority] **Following this release, yt-dlp's Python dependencies *must* be installed using the `default` group**\nIf you're installing yt-dlp with pip/pipx or requiring yt-dlp in your own Python project, you'll need to specify `yt-dlp[default]` if you want to also install yt-dlp's optional dependencies (which were previously included by default). [Read more](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/pull/11255)"
+    },
+    {
+        "action": "add",
+        "when": "87884f15580910e4e0fe0e1db73508debc657471",
+        "short": "[priority] **Beginning with this release, yt-dlp's Python dependencies *must* be installed using the `default` group**\nIf you're installing yt-dlp with pip/pipx or requiring yt-dlp in your own Python project, you'll need to specify `yt-dlp[default]` if you want to also install yt-dlp's optional dependencies (which were previously included by default). [Read more](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/pull/11255)"
+    },
+    {
+        "action": "add",
+        "when": "d784464399b600ba9516bbcec6286f11d68974dd",
+        "short": "[priority] **The minimum *required* Python version has been raised to 3.9**\nPython 3.8 reached its end-of-life on 2024.10.07, and yt-dlp has now removed support for it. As an unfortunate side effect, the official `yt-dlp.exe` and `yt-dlp_x86.exe` binaries are no longer supported on Windows 7. [Read more](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10086)"
+    },
+    {
+        "action": "change",
+        "when": "914af9a0cf51c9a3f74aa88d952bee8334c67511",
+        "short": "Expand paths in `--plugin-dirs` (#11334)",
+        "authors": ["bashonly"]
+    },
+    {
+        "action": "change",
+        "when": "c29f5a7fae93a08f3cfbb6127b2faa75145b06a0",
+        "short": "[ie/generic] Do not impersonate by default (#11336)",
+        "authors": ["bashonly"]
+    },
+    {
+        "action": "change",
+        "when": "57212a5f97ce367590aaa5c3e9a135eead8f81f7",
+        "short": "[ie/vimeo] Fix API retries (#11351)",
+        "authors": ["bashonly"]
    }
 ]
--- a/devscripts/cli_to_api.py
+++ b/devscripts/cli_to_api.py
@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
 # Allow direct execution
 import os
 import sys
--- a/devscripts/install_deps.py
+++ b/devscripts/install_deps.py
@ -42,17 +42,25 @@ def parse_args():
 def main():
    args = parse_args()
    project_table = parse_toml(read_file(args.input))['project']
+    recursive_pattern = re.compile(rf'{project_table["name"]}\[(?P<group_name>[\w-]+)\]')
    optional_groups = project_table['optional-dependencies']
    excludes = args.exclude or []

+    def yield_deps(group):
+        for dep in group:
+            if mobj := recursive_pattern.fullmatch(dep):
+                yield from optional_groups.get(mobj.group('group_name'), [])
+            else:
+                yield dep
+
    targets = []
    if not args.only_optional:  # `-o` should exclude 'dependencies' and the 'default' group
        targets.extend(project_table['dependencies'])
        if 'default' not in excludes:  # `--exclude default` should exclude entire 'default' group
-            targets.extend(optional_groups['default'])
+            targets.extend(yield_deps(optional_groups['default']))

    for include in filter(None, map(optional_groups.get, args.include or [])):
-        targets.extend(include)
+        targets.extend(yield_deps(include))

    targets = [t for t in targets if re.match(r'[\w-]+', t).group(0).lower() not in excludes]

--- a/devscripts/make_changelog.py
+++ b/devscripts/make_changelog.py
@ -71,14 +71,13 @@ class CommitGroup(enum.Enum):
    def get(cls, value: str) -> tuple[CommitGroup | None, str | None]:
        group, _, subgroup = (group.strip().lower() for group in value.partition('/'))

-        result = cls.group_lookup().get(group)
-        if not result:
-            if subgroup:
-                return None, value
-            subgroup = group
-            result = cls.subgroup_lookup().get(subgroup)
+        if result := cls.group_lookup().get(group):
+            return result, subgroup or None

-        return result, subgroup or None
+        if subgroup:
+            return None, value
+
+        return cls.subgroup_lookup().get(group), group or None


@dataclass
@ -136,8 +135,7 @@ class Changelog:
                first = False
                yield '\n<details><summary><h3>Changelog</h3></summary>\n'

-            group = groups[item]
-            if group:
+            if group := groups[item]:
                yield self.format_module(item.value, group)

        if self._collapsible:
@ -223,10 +221,10 @@ class Changelog:

        return message if not sep else f'{message}{sep}{rest}'

-    def _format_message_link(self, message, hash):
-        assert message or hash, 'Improperly defined commit message or override'
-        message = message if message else hash[:HASH_LENGTH]
-        return f'[{message}]({self.repo_url}/commit/{hash})' if hash else message
+    def _format_message_link(self, message, commit_hash):
+        assert message or commit_hash, 'Improperly defined commit message or override'
+        message = message if message else commit_hash[:HASH_LENGTH]
+        return f'[{message}]({self.repo_url}/commit/{commit_hash})' if commit_hash else message

    def _format_issues(self, issues):
        return ', '.join(f'[#{issue}]({self.repo_url}/issues/{issue})' for issue in issues)
@ -253,7 +251,7 @@ class CommitRange:
        ''', re.VERBOSE | re.DOTALL)
    EXTRACTOR_INDICATOR_RE = re.compile(r'(?:Fix|Add)\s+Extractors?', re.IGNORECASE)
    REVERT_RE = re.compile(r'(?:\[[^\]]+\]\s+)?(?i:Revert)\s+([\da-f]{40})')
-    FIXES_RE = re.compile(r'(?i:Fix(?:es)?(?:\s+bugs?)?(?:\s+in|\s+for)?|Revert|Improve)\s+([\da-f]{40})')
+    FIXES_RE = re.compile(r'(?i:(?:bug\s*)?fix(?:es)?(?:\s+bugs?)?(?:\s+in|\s+for)?|Improve)\s+([\da-f]{40})')
    UPSTREAM_MERGE_RE = re.compile(r'Update to ytdl-commit-([\da-f]+)')

    def __init__(self, start, end, default_author=None):
@ -287,11 +285,16 @@ class CommitRange:
            short = next(lines)
            skip = short.startswith('Release ') or short == '[version] update'

+            fix_commitish = None
+            if match := self.FIXES_RE.search(short):
+                fix_commitish = match.group(1)
+
            authors = [default_author] if default_author else []
            for line in iter(lambda: next(lines), self.COMMIT_SEPARATOR):
-                match = self.AUTHOR_INDICATOR_RE.match(line)
-                if match:
+                if match := self.AUTHOR_INDICATOR_RE.match(line):
                    authors = sorted(map(str.strip, line[match.end():].split(',')), key=str.casefold)
+                if not fix_commitish and (match := self.FIXES_RE.fullmatch(line)):
+                    fix_commitish = match.group(1)

            commit = Commit(commit_hash, short, authors)
            if skip and (self._start or not i):
@ -301,21 +304,17 @@ class CommitRange:
                logger.debug(f'Reached Release commit, breaking: {commit}')
                break

-            revert_match = self.REVERT_RE.fullmatch(commit.short)
-            if revert_match:
-                reverts[revert_match.group(1)] = commit
+            if match := self.REVERT_RE.fullmatch(commit.short):
+                reverts[match.group(1)] = commit
                continue

-            fix_match = self.FIXES_RE.search(commit.short)
-            if fix_match:
-                commitish = fix_match.group(1)
-                fixes[commitish].append(commit)
+            if fix_commitish:
+                fixes[fix_commitish].append(commit)

            commits[commit.hash] = commit

        for commitish, revert_commit in reverts.items():
-            reverted = commits.pop(commitish, None)
-            if reverted:
+            if reverted := commits.pop(commitish, None):
                logger.debug(f'{commitish} fully reverted {reverted}')
            else:
                commits[revert_commit.hash] = revert_commit
@ -356,7 +355,7 @@ class CommitRange:
                logger.info(f'CHANGE {self._commits[commit.hash]} -> {commit}')
                self._commits[commit.hash] = commit

-        self._commits = {key: value for key, value in reversed(self._commits.items())}
+        self._commits = dict(reversed(self._commits.items()))

    def groups(self):
        group_dict = defaultdict(list)
@ -461,8 +460,7 @@ def create_changelog(args):

    logger.info(f'Loaded {len(commits)} commits')

-    new_contributors = get_new_contributors(args.contributors_path, commits)
-    if new_contributors:
+    if new_contributors := get_new_contributors(args.contributors_path, commits):
        if args.contributors:
            write_file(args.contributors_path, '\n'.join(new_contributors) + '\n', mode='a')
        logger.info(f'New contributors: {", ".join(new_contributors)}')
--- a/devscripts/make_issue_template.py
+++ b/devscripts/make_issue_template.py
@ -32,20 +32,29 @@ VERBOSE_TMPL = '''
      placeholder: |
        [debug] Command-line config: ['-vU', 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc']
        [debug] Encodings: locale cp65001, fs utf-8, pref cp65001, out utf-8, error utf-8, screen utf-8
-        [debug] yt-dlp version nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp [b634ba742] (win_exe)
-        [debug] Python 3.8.10 (CPython 64bit) - Windows-10-10.0.22000-SP0
-        [debug] exe versions: ffmpeg N-106550-g072101bd52-20220410 (fdk,setts), ffprobe N-106624-g391ce570c8-20220415, phantomjs 2.1.1
-        [debug] Optional libraries: Cryptodome-3.15.0, brotli-1.0.9, certifi-2022.06.15, mutagen-1.45.1, sqlite3-2.6.0, websockets-10.3
+        [debug] yt-dlp version nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds [1a176d874] (win_exe)
+        [debug] Python 3.10.11 (CPython AMD64 64bit) - Windows-10-10.0.20348-SP0 (OpenSSL 1.1.1t  7 Feb 2023)
+        [debug] exe versions: ffmpeg 7.0.2 (setts), ffprobe 7.0.2
+        [debug] Optional libraries: Cryptodome-3.21.0, brotli-1.1.0, certifi-2024.08.30, curl_cffi-0.5.10, mutagen-1.47.0, requests-2.32.3, sqlite3-3.40.1, urllib3-2.2.3, websockets-13.1
        [debug] Proxy map: {}
-        [debug] Request Handlers: urllib, requests
-        [debug] Loaded 1893 extractors
-        [debug] Fetching release info: https://api.github.com/repos/yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds/releases/latest
+        [debug] Request Handlers: urllib, requests, websockets, curl_cffi
+        [debug] Loaded 1838 extractors
+        [debug] Fetching release info: https://api.github.com/repos/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest
+        Latest version: nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds
        yt-dlp is up to date (nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds)
        [youtube] Extracting URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc
        <more lines>
      render: shell
    validations:
      required: true
+  - type: markdown
+    attributes:
+      value: |
+        > [!CAUTION]
+        > ### GitHub is experiencing a high volume of malicious spam comments.
+        > ### If you receive any replies asking you download a file, do NOT follow the download links!
+        >
+        > Note that this issue may be temporarily locked as an anti-spam measure after it is opened.
 '''.strip()

 NO_SKIP = '''
--- a/devscripts/make_lazy_extractors.py
+++ b/devscripts/make_lazy_extractors.py
@ -2,7 +2,6 @@

 # Allow direct execution
 import os
-import shutil
 import sys

 sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))
@ -34,18 +33,14 @@ MODULE_TEMPLATE = read_file('devscripts/lazy_load_template.py')


 def main():
-    lazy_extractors_filename = get_filename_args(default_outfile='yt_dlp/extractor/lazy_extractors.py')
-    if os.path.exists(lazy_extractors_filename):
-        os.remove(lazy_extractors_filename)
+    os.environ['YTDLP_NO_PLUGINS'] = 'true'
+    os.environ['YTDLP_NO_LAZY_EXTRACTORS'] = 'true'

-    _ALL_CLASSES = get_all_ies()  # Must be before import
+    lazy_extractors_filename = get_filename_args(default_outfile='yt_dlp/extractor/lazy_extractors.py')

-    import yt_dlp.plugins
+    from yt_dlp.extractor.extractors import _ALL_CLASSES
    from yt_dlp.extractor.common import InfoExtractor, SearchInfoExtractor

-    # Filter out plugins
-    _ALL_CLASSES = [cls for cls in _ALL_CLASSES if not cls.__module__.startswith(f'{yt_dlp.plugins.PACKAGE_NAME}.')]
-
    DummyInfoExtractor = type('InfoExtractor', (InfoExtractor,), {'IE_NAME': NO_ATTR})
    module_src = '\n'.join((
        MODULE_TEMPLATE,
@ -58,20 +53,6 @@ def main():
    write_file(lazy_extractors_filename, f'{module_src}\n')


-def get_all_ies():
-    PLUGINS_DIRNAME = 'ytdlp_plugins'
-    BLOCKED_DIRNAME = f'{PLUGINS_DIRNAME}_blocked'
-    if os.path.exists(PLUGINS_DIRNAME):
-        # os.rename cannot be used, e.g. in Docker. See https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/pull/4958
-        shutil.move(PLUGINS_DIRNAME, BLOCKED_DIRNAME)
-    try:
-        from yt_dlp.extractor.extractors import _ALL_CLASSES
-    finally:
-        if os.path.exists(BLOCKED_DIRNAME):
-            shutil.move(BLOCKED_DIRNAME, PLUGINS_DIRNAME)
-    return _ALL_CLASSES
-
-
 def extra_ie_code(ie, base=None):
    for var in STATIC_CLASS_PROPERTIES:
        val = getattr(ie, var)
--- a/devscripts/make_readme.py
+++ b/devscripts/make_readme.py
@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ PATCHES = (
    ),
    (   # Headings
        r'(?m)^  (\w.+\n)(    (?=\w))?',
-        r'## \1'
+        r'## \1',
    ),
    (   # Fixup `--date` formatting
        rf'(?m)(    --date DATE.+({delim}[^\[]+)*)\[.+({delim}.+)*$',
@ -61,26 +61,26 @@ PATCHES = (
    ),
    (   # Do not split URLs
        rf'({delim[:-1]})? (?P<label>\[\S+\] )?(?P<url>https?({delim})?:({delim})?/({delim})?/(({delim})?\S+)+)\s',
-        lambda mobj: ''.join((delim, mobj.group('label') or '', re.sub(r'\s+', '', mobj.group('url')), '\n'))
+        lambda mobj: ''.join((delim, mobj.group('label') or '', re.sub(r'\s+', '', mobj.group('url')), '\n')),
    ),
    (   # Do not split "words"
        rf'(?m)({delim}\S+)+$',
-        lambda mobj: ''.join((delim, mobj.group(0).replace(delim, '')))
+        lambda mobj: ''.join((delim, mobj.group(0).replace(delim, ''))),
    ),
    (   # Allow overshooting last line
        rf'(?m)^(?P<prev>.+)${delim}(?P<current>.+)$(?!{delim})',
        lambda mobj: (mobj.group().replace(delim, ' ')
                      if len(mobj.group()) - len(delim) + 1 <= max_width + ALLOWED_OVERSHOOT
-                      else mobj.group())
+                      else mobj.group()),
    ),
    (   # Avoid newline when a space is available b/w switch and description
        DISABLE_PATCH,  # This creates issues with prepare_manpage
        r'(?m)^(\s{4}-.{%d})(%s)' % (switch_col_width - 6, delim),
-        r'\1 '
+        r'\1 ',
    ),
    (   # Replace brackets with a Markdown link
        r'SponsorBlock API \((http.+)\)',
-        r'[SponsorBlock API](\1)'
+        r'[SponsorBlock API](\1)',
    ),
 )

--- a/devscripts/run_tests.bat
+++ b/devscripts/run_tests.bat
@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-@echo off
-
->&2 echo run_tests.bat is deprecated. Please use `devscripts/run_tests.py` instead
-python %~dp0run_tests.py %~1
--- a/devscripts/run_tests.py
+++ b/devscripts/run_tests.py
@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import argparse
 import functools
 import os
 import re
+import shlex
 import subprocess
 import sys
 from pathlib import Path
@ -15,29 +16,33 @@ fix_test_name = functools.partial(re.compile(r'IE(_all|_\d+)?$').sub, r'\1')
 def parse_args():
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Run selected yt-dlp tests')
    parser.add_argument(
-        'test', help='a extractor tests, or one of "core" or "download"', nargs='*')
+        'test', help='an extractor test, test path, or one of "core" or "download"', nargs='*')
    parser.add_argument(
        '-k', help='run a test matching EXPRESSION. Same as "pytest -k"', metavar='EXPRESSION')
+    parser.add_argument(
+        '--pytest-args', help='arguments to passthrough to pytest')
    return parser.parse_args()


 def run_tests(*tests, pattern=None, ci=False):
    run_core = 'core' in tests or (not pattern and not tests)
    run_download = 'download' in tests
-    tests = list(map(fix_test_name, tests))

-    arguments = ['pytest', '-Werror', '--tb=short']
+    pytest_args = args.pytest_args or os.getenv('HATCH_TEST_ARGS', '')
+    arguments = ['pytest', '-Werror', '--tb=short', *shlex.split(pytest_args)]
    if ci:
        arguments.append('--color=yes')
+    if pattern:
+        arguments.extend(['-k', pattern])
    if run_core:
        arguments.extend(['-m', 'not download'])
    elif run_download:
        arguments.extend(['-m', 'download'])
-    elif pattern:
-        arguments.extend(['-k', pattern])
    else:
        arguments.extend(
-            f'test/test_download.py::TestDownload::test_{test}' for test in tests)
+            test if '/' in test
+            else f'test/test_download.py::TestDownload::test_{fix_test_name(test)}'
+            for test in tests)

    print(f'Running {arguments}', flush=True)
    try:
@ -46,13 +51,13 @@ def run_tests(*tests, pattern=None, ci=False):
        pass

    arguments = [sys.executable, '-Werror', '-m', 'unittest']
+    if pattern:
+        arguments.extend(['-k', pattern])
    if run_core:
        print('"pytest" needs to be installed to run core tests', file=sys.stderr, flush=True)
        return 1
    elif run_download:
        arguments.append('test.test_download')
-    elif pattern:
-        arguments.extend(['-k', pattern])
    else:
        arguments.extend(
            f'test.test_download.TestDownload.test_{test}' for test in tests)
--- a/devscripts/run_tests.sh
+++ b/devscripts/run_tests.sh
@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env sh
-
->&2 echo 'run_tests.sh is deprecated. Please use `devscripts/run_tests.py` instead'
-python3 devscripts/run_tests.py "$1"
--- a/devscripts/set-variant.py
+++ b/devscripts/set-variant.py
@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ def property_setter(name, value):
 opts = parse_options()
 transform = compose_functions(
    property_setter('VARIANT', opts.variant),
-    property_setter('UPDATE_HINT', opts.update_message)
+    property_setter('UPDATE_HINT', opts.update_message),
 )

 write_file(VERSION_FILE, transform(read_file(VERSION_FILE)))
--- a/devscripts/update-version.py
+++ b/devscripts/update-version.py
@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ def get_new_version(version, revision):
    else:
        old_version = read_version().split('.')
        if version.split('.') == old_version[:3]:
-            revision = str(int((old_version + [0])[3]) + 1)
+            revision = str(int(([*old_version, 0])[3]) + 1)

    return f'{version}.{revision}' if revision else version

--- a/devscripts/zsh-completion.py
+++ b/devscripts/zsh-completion.py
@ -9,15 +9,15 @@ sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))

 import yt_dlp

-ZSH_COMPLETION_FILE = "completions/zsh/_yt-dlp"
-ZSH_COMPLETION_TEMPLATE = "devscripts/zsh-completion.in"
+ZSH_COMPLETION_FILE = 'completions/zsh/_yt-dlp'
+ZSH_COMPLETION_TEMPLATE = 'devscripts/zsh-completion.in'


 def build_completion(opt_parser):
    opts = [opt for group in opt_parser.option_groups
            for opt in group.option_list]
-    opts_file = [opt for opt in opts if opt.metavar == "FILE"]
-    opts_dir = [opt for opt in opts if opt.metavar == "DIR"]
+    opts_file = [opt for opt in opts if opt.metavar == 'FILE']
+    opts_dir = [opt for opt in opts if opt.metavar == 'DIR']

    fileopts = []
    for opt in opts_file:
@ -38,11 +38,11 @@ def build_completion(opt_parser):
    with open(ZSH_COMPLETION_TEMPLATE) as f:
        template = f.read()

-    template = template.replace("{{fileopts}}", "|".join(fileopts))
-    template = template.replace("{{diropts}}", "|".join(diropts))
-    template = template.replace("{{flags}}", " ".join(flags))
+    template = template.replace('{{fileopts}}', '|'.join(fileopts))
+    template = template.replace('{{diropts}}', '|'.join(diropts))
+    template = template.replace('{{flags}}', ' '.join(flags))

-    with open(ZSH_COMPLETION_FILE, "w") as f:
+    with open(ZSH_COMPLETION_FILE, 'w') as f:
        f.write(template)


--- a/pyinst.py
+++ b/pyinst.py
@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
-
-# Allow execution from anywhere
-import os
-import sys
-
-sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
-
-import warnings
-
-from bundle.pyinstaller import main
-
-warnings.warn(DeprecationWarning('`pyinst.py` is deprecated and will be removed in a future version. '
-                                 'Use `bundle.pyinstaller` instead'))
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    main()
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@ -9,10 +9,11 @@ maintainers = [
    {name = "Grub4K", email = "contact@grub4k.xyz"},
    {name = "bashonly", email = "bashonly@protonmail.com"},
    {name = "coletdjnz", email = "coletdjnz@protonmail.com"},
+    {name = "sepro", email = "sepro@sepr0.com"},
 ]
 description = "A feature-rich command-line audio/video downloader"
 readme = "README.md"
-requires-python = ">=3.8"
+requires-python = ">=3.9"
 keywords = [
    "youtube-dl",
    "video-downloader",
@ -28,11 +29,11 @@ classifiers = [
    "Environment :: Console",
    "Programming Language :: Python",
    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only",
-    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8",
    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9",
    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11",
    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13",
    "Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation",
    "Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython",
    "Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: PyPy",
@ -40,20 +41,23 @@ classifiers = [
    "Operating System :: OS Independent",
 ]
 dynamic = ["version"]
-dependencies = [
+dependencies = []
+
+[project.optional-dependencies]
+default = [
    "brotli; implementation_name=='cpython'",
    "brotlicffi; implementation_name!='cpython'",
    "certifi",
    "mutagen",
    "pycryptodomex",
-    "requests>=2.31.0,<3",
+    "requests>=2.32.2,<3",
    "urllib3>=1.26.17,<3",
-    "websockets>=12.0",
+    "websockets>=13.0,<14",
+]
+curl-cffi = [
+    "curl-cffi==0.5.10; os_name=='nt' and implementation_name=='cpython'",
+    "curl-cffi>=0.5.10,!=0.6.*,<0.7.2; os_name!='nt' and implementation_name=='cpython'",
 ]
-
-[project.optional-dependencies]
-default = []
-curl-cffi = ["curl-cffi==0.5.10; implementation_name=='cpython'"]
 secretstorage = [
    "cffi",
    "secretstorage",
@ -62,18 +66,25 @@ build = [
    "build",
    "hatchling",
    "pip",
+    "setuptools>=71.0.2",  # 71.0.0 broke pyinstaller
    "wheel",
 ]
 dev = [
-    "flake8",
-    "isort",
-    "pytest",
+    "pre-commit",
+    "yt-dlp[static-analysis]",
+    "yt-dlp[test]",
+]
+static-analysis = [
+    "autopep8~=2.0",
+    "ruff~=0.7.0",
+]
+test = [
+    "pytest~=8.1",
+    "pytest-rerunfailures~=14.0",
 ]
 pyinstaller = [
-    "pyinstaller>=6.3; sys_platform!='darwin'",
-    "pyinstaller==5.13.2; sys_platform=='darwin'",  # needed for curl_cffi
+    "pyinstaller>=6.11.1",  # Windows temp cleanup fixed in 6.11.1
 ]
-py2exe = ["py2exe>=0.12"]

 [project.urls]
 Documentation = "https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp#readme"
@ -122,3 +133,251 @@ artifacts = ["/yt_dlp/extractor/lazy_extractors.py"]
 [tool.hatch.version]
 path = "yt_dlp/version.py"
 pattern = "_pkg_version = '(?P<version>[^']+)'"
+
+[tool.hatch.envs.default]
+features = ["curl-cffi", "default"]
+dependencies = ["pre-commit"]
+path = ".venv"
+installer = "uv"
+
+[tool.hatch.envs.default.scripts]
+setup = "pre-commit install --config .pre-commit-hatch.yaml"
+yt-dlp = "python -Werror -Xdev -m yt_dlp {args}"
+
+[tool.hatch.envs.hatch-static-analysis]
+detached = true
+features = ["static-analysis"]
+dependencies = []  # override hatch ruff version
+config-path = "pyproject.toml"
+
+[tool.hatch.envs.hatch-static-analysis.scripts]
+format-check = "autopep8 --diff {args:.}"
+format-fix = "autopep8 --in-place {args:.}"
+lint-check = "ruff check {args:.}"
+lint-fix = "ruff check --fix {args:.}"
+
+[tool.hatch.envs.hatch-test]
+features = ["test"]
+dependencies = [
+    "pytest-randomly~=3.15",
+    "pytest-xdist[psutil]~=3.5",
+]
+
+[tool.hatch.envs.hatch-test.scripts]
+run = "python -m devscripts.run_tests {args}"
+run-cov = "echo Code coverage not implemented && exit 1"
+
+[[tool.hatch.envs.hatch-test.matrix]]
+python = [
+    "3.9",
+    "3.10",
+    "3.11",
+    "3.12",
+    "3.13",
+    "pypy3.10",
+]
+
+[tool.ruff]
+line-length = 120
+
+[tool.ruff.lint]
+ignore = [
+    "E402",    # module-import-not-at-top-of-file
+    "E501",    # line-too-long
+    "E731",    # lambda-assignment
+    "E741",    # ambiguous-variable-name
+    "UP036",   # outdated-version-block
+    "B006",    # mutable-argument-default
+    "B008",    # function-call-in-default-argument
+    "B011",    # assert-false
+    "B017",    # assert-raises-exception
+    "B023",    # function-uses-loop-variable (false positives)
+    "B028",    # no-explicit-stacklevel
+    "B904",    # raise-without-from-inside-except
+    "C401",    # unnecessary-generator-set
+    "C402",    # unnecessary-generator-dict
+    "PIE790",  # unnecessary-placeholder
+    "SIM102",  # collapsible-if
+    "SIM108",  # if-else-block-instead-of-if-exp
+    "SIM112",  # uncapitalized-environment-variables
+    "SIM113",  # enumerate-for-loop
+    "SIM114",  # if-with-same-arms
+    "SIM115",  # open-file-with-context-handler
+    "SIM117",  # multiple-with-statements
+    "SIM223",  # expr-and-false
+    "SIM300",  # yoda-conditions
+    "TD001",   # invalid-todo-tag
+    "TD002",   # missing-todo-author
+    "TD003",   # missing-todo-link
+    "PLE0604", # invalid-all-object (false positives)
+    "PLE0643", # potential-index-error (false positives)
+    "PLW0603", # global-statement
+    "PLW1510", # subprocess-run-without-check
+    "PLW2901", # redefined-loop-name
+    "RUF001",  # ambiguous-unicode-character-string
+    "RUF012",  # mutable-class-default
+    "RUF100",  # unused-noqa (flake8 has slightly different behavior)
+]
+select = [
+    "E",      # pycodestyle Error
+    "W",      # pycodestyle Warning
+    "F",      # Pyflakes
+    "I",      # isort
+    "Q",      # flake8-quotes
+    "N803",   # invalid-argument-name
+    "N804",   # invalid-first-argument-name-for-class-method
+    "UP",     # pyupgrade
+    "B",      # flake8-bugbear
+    "A",      # flake8-builtins
+    "COM",    # flake8-commas
+    "C4",     # flake8-comprehensions
+    "FA",     # flake8-future-annotations
+    "ISC",    # flake8-implicit-str-concat
+    "ICN003", # banned-import-from
+    "PIE",    # flake8-pie
+    "T20",    # flake8-print
+    "RSE",    # flake8-raise
+    "RET504", # unnecessary-assign
+    "SIM",    # flake8-simplify
+    "TID251", # banned-api
+    "TD",     # flake8-todos
+    "PLC",    # Pylint Convention
+    "PLE",    # Pylint Error
+    "PLW",    # Pylint Warning
+    "RUF",    # Ruff-specific rules
+]
+
+[tool.ruff.lint.per-file-ignores]
+"devscripts/lazy_load_template.py" = [
+    "F401",   # unused-import
+]
+"!yt_dlp/extractor/**.py" = [
+    "I",      # isort
+    "ICN003", # banned-import-from
+    "T20",    # flake8-print
+    "A002",   # builtin-argument-shadowing
+    "C408",   # unnecessary-collection-call
+]
+"yt_dlp/jsinterp.py" = [
+    "UP031",  # printf-string-formatting
+]
+
+[tool.ruff.lint.isort]
+known-first-party = [
+    "bundle",
+    "devscripts",
+    "test",
+]
+relative-imports-order = "closest-to-furthest"
+
+[tool.ruff.lint.flake8-quotes]
+docstring-quotes = "double"
+multiline-quotes = "single"
+inline-quotes = "single"
+avoid-escape = false
+
+[tool.ruff.lint.pep8-naming]
+classmethod-decorators = [
+    "yt_dlp.utils.classproperty",
+]
+
+[tool.ruff.lint.flake8-import-conventions]
+banned-from = [
+    "base64",
+    "datetime",
+    "functools",
+    "glob",
+    "hashlib",
+    "itertools",
+    "json",
+    "math",
+    "os",
+    "pathlib",
+    "random",
+    "re",
+    "string",
+    "sys",
+    "time",
+    "urllib.parse",
+    "uuid",
+    "xml",
+]
+
+[tool.ruff.lint.flake8-tidy-imports.banned-api]
+"yt_dlp.compat.compat_str".msg = "Use `str` instead."
+"yt_dlp.compat.compat_b64decode".msg = "Use `base64.b64decode` instead."
+"yt_dlp.compat.compat_urlparse".msg = "Use `urllib.parse` instead."
+"yt_dlp.compat.compat_parse_qs".msg = "Use `urllib.parse.parse_qs` instead."
+"yt_dlp.compat.compat_urllib_parse_unquote".msg = "Use `urllib.parse.unquote` instead."
+"yt_dlp.compat.compat_urllib_parse_urlencode".msg = "Use `urllib.parse.urlencode` instead."
+"yt_dlp.compat.compat_urllib_parse_urlparse".msg = "Use `urllib.parse.urlparse` instead."
+"yt_dlp.compat.compat_shlex_quote".msg = "Use `yt_dlp.utils.shell_quote` instead."
+"yt_dlp.utils.error_to_compat_str".msg = "Use `str` instead."
+
+[tool.autopep8]
+max_line_length = 120
+recursive = true
+exit-code = true
+jobs = 0
+select = [
+    "E101",
+    "E112",
+    "E113",
+    "E115",
+    "E116",
+    "E117",
+    "E121",
+    "E122",
+    "E123",
+    "E124",
+    "E125",
+    "E126",
+    "E127",
+    "E128",
+    "E129",
+    "E131",
+    "E201",
+    "E202",
+    "E203",
+    "E211",
+    "E221",
+    "E222",
+    "E223",
+    "E224",
+    "E225",
+    "E226",
+    "E227",
+    "E228",
+    "E231",
+    "E241",
+    "E242",
+    "E251",
+    "E252",
+    "E261",
+    "E262",
+    "E265",
+    "E266",
+    "E271",
+    "E272",
+    "E273",
+    "E274",
+    "E275",
+    "E301",
+    "E302",
+    "E303",
+    "E304",
+    "E305",
+    "E306",
+    "E502",
+    "E701",
+    "E702",
+    "E704",
+    "W391",
+    "W504",
+]
+
+[tool.pytest.ini_options]
+addopts = "-ra -v --strict-markers"
+markers = [
+    "download",
+]
--- a/setup.cfg
+++ b/setup.cfg
@ -14,15 +14,9 @@ remove-duplicate-keys = true
 remove-unused-variables = true


-[tool:pytest]
-addopts = -ra -v --strict-markers
-markers =
-    download
-
-
 [tox:tox]
 skipsdist = true
-envlist = py{38,39,310,311,312},pypy{38,39,310}
+envlist = py{39,310,311,312,313},pypy310
 skip_missing_interpreters = true

 [testenv]  # tox
@ -35,7 +29,7 @@ setenv =


 [isort]
-py_version = 38
+py_version = 39
 multi_line_output = VERTICAL_HANGING_INDENT
 line_length = 80
 reverse_relative = true
--- a/setup.py
+++ b/setup.py
@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
-
-# Allow execution from anywhere
-import os
-import sys
-
-sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
-
-import warnings
-
-
-if sys.argv[1:2] == ['py2exe']:
-    warnings.warn(DeprecationWarning('`setup.py py2exe` is deprecated and will be removed in a future version. '
-                                     'Use `bundle.py2exe` instead'))
-
-    import bundle.py2exe
-
-    bundle.py2exe.main()
-
-elif 'build_lazy_extractors' in sys.argv:
-    warnings.warn(DeprecationWarning('`setup.py build_lazy_extractors` is deprecated and will be removed in a future version. '
-                                     'Use `devscripts.make_lazy_extractors` instead'))
-
-    import subprocess
-
-    os.chdir(sys.path[0])
-    print('running build_lazy_extractors')
-    subprocess.run([sys.executable, 'devscripts/make_lazy_extractors.py'])
-
-else:
-
-    print(
-        'ERROR: Building by calling `setup.py` is deprecated. '
-        'Use a build frontend like `build` instead. ',
-        'Refer to  https://build.pypa.io  for more info', file=sys.stderr)
-    sys.exit(1)
--- a/supportedsites.md
+++ b/supportedsites.md
@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
 - **6play**
 - **7plus**
 - **8tracks**
- - **91porn**
 - **9c9media**
 - **9gag**: 9GAG
 - **9News**
@ -46,9 +45,6 @@
 - **aenetworks:collection**
 - **aenetworks:show**
 - **AeonCo**
- - **afreecatv**: [*afreecatv*](## "netrc machine") afreecatv.com
- - **afreecatv:live**: [*afreecatv*](## "netrc machine") afreecatv.com livestreams
- - **afreecatv:user**
 - **AirTV**
 - **AitubeKZVideo**
 - **AliExpressLive**
@ -143,6 +139,7 @@
 - **BBVTV**: [*bbvtv*](## "netrc machine")
 - **BBVTVLive**: [*bbvtv*](## "netrc machine")
 - **BBVTVRecordings**: [*bbvtv*](## "netrc machine")
+ - **BeaconTv**
 - **BeatBumpPlaylist**
 - **BeatBumpVideo**
 - **Beatport**
@ -193,6 +190,7 @@
 - **blerp**
 - **blogger.com**
 - **Bloomberg**
+ - **Bluesky**
 - **BokeCC**
 - **BongaCams**
 - **Boosty**
@ -220,7 +218,7 @@
 - **BusinessInsider**
 - **BuzzFeed**
 - **BYUtv**: (**Currently broken**)
- - **CableAV**
+ - **CaffeineTV**
 - **Callin**
 - **Caltrans**
 - **CAM4**
@ -250,9 +248,10 @@
 - **cbsnews:livevideo**: CBS News Live Videos
 - **cbssports**: (**Currently broken**)
 - **cbssports:embed**: (**Currently broken**)
- - **CCMA**
+ - **CCMA**: 3Cat, TV3 and Catalunya Ràdio
 - **CCTV**: 央视网
 - **CDA**: [*cdapl*](## "netrc machine")
+ - **CDAFolder**
 - **Cellebrite**
 - **CeskaTelevize**
 - **CGTN**
@ -282,8 +281,6 @@
 - **cmt.com**: (**Currently broken**)
 - **CNBCVideo**
 - **CNN**
- - **CNNArticle**
- - **CNNBlogs**
 - **CNNIndonesia**
 - **ComedyCentral**
 - **ComedyCentralTV**
@ -333,6 +330,8 @@
 - **DailyWirePodcast**
 - **damtomo:record**
 - **damtomo:video**
+ - **dangalplay**: [*dangalplay*](## "netrc machine")
+ - **dangalplay:season**: [*dangalplay*](## "netrc machine")
 - **daum.net**
 - **daum.net:clip**
 - **daum.net:playlist**
@ -352,7 +351,6 @@
 - **DigitallySpeaking**
 - **Digiteka**
 - **DiscogsReleasePlaylist**
- - **Discovery**
 - **DiscoveryLife**
 - **DiscoveryNetworksDe**
 - **DiscoveryPlus**
@ -361,7 +359,6 @@
 - **DiscoveryPlusItaly**
 - **DiscoveryPlusItalyShow**
 - **Disney**
- - **DIYNetwork**
 - **dlf**
 - **dlf:corpus**: DLF Multi-feed Archives
 - **dlive:stream**
@ -396,7 +393,6 @@
 - **EinsUndEinsTV**: [*1und1tv*](## "netrc machine")
 - **EinsUndEinsTVLive**: [*1und1tv*](## "netrc machine")
 - **EinsUndEinsTVRecordings**: [*1und1tv*](## "netrc machine")
- - **Einthusan**
 - **eitb.tv**
 - **ElementorEmbed**
 - **Elonet**
@ -498,6 +494,7 @@
 - **GameStar**
 - **Gaskrank**
 - **Gazeta**: (**Currently broken**)
+ - **GBNews**: GB News clips, features and live streams
 - **GDCVault**: [*gdcvault*](## "netrc machine") (**Currently broken**)
 - **GediDigital**
 - **gem.cbc.ca**: [*cbcgem*](## "netrc machine")
@ -505,6 +502,7 @@
 - **gem.cbc.ca:playlist**
 - **Genius**
 - **GeniusLyrics**
+ - **Germanupa**: germanupa.de
 - **GetCourseRu**: [*getcourseru*](## "netrc machine")
 - **GetCourseRuPlayer**
 - **Gettr**
@ -514,7 +512,6 @@
 - **GlattvisionTVLive**: [*glattvisiontv*](## "netrc machine")
 - **GlattvisionTVRecordings**: [*glattvisiontv*](## "netrc machine")
 - **Glide**: Glide mobile video messages (glide.me)
- - **GlobalCyclingNetworkPlus**
 - **GlobalPlayerAudio**
 - **GlobalPlayerAudioEpisode**
 - **GlobalPlayerLive**
@ -527,6 +524,7 @@
 - **GMANetworkVideo**
 - **Go**
 - **GoDiscovery**
+ - **GodResource**
 - **GodTube**: (**Currently broken**)
 - **Gofile**
 - **Golem**
@ -540,6 +538,7 @@
 - **Goshgay**
 - **GoToStage**
 - **GPUTechConf**
+ - **Graspop**
 - **Gronkh**
 - **gronkh:feed**
 - **gronkh:vods**
@ -579,6 +578,7 @@
 - **HungamaAlbumPlaylist**
 - **HungamaSong**
 - **huya:live**: huya.com
+ - **huya:video**: 虎牙视频
 - **Hypem**
 - **Hytale**
 - **Icareus**
@ -630,11 +630,11 @@
 - **iwara:user**: [*iwara*](## "netrc machine")
 - **Ixigua**
 - **Izlesene**
- - **Jable**
- - **JablePlaylist**
 - **Jamendo**
 - **JamendoAlbum**
 - **JeuxVideo**: (**Currently broken**)
+ - **jiocinema**: [*jiocinema*](## "netrc machine")
+ - **jiocinema:series**: [*jiocinema*](## "netrc machine")
 - **jiosaavn:album**
 - **jiosaavn:playlist**
 - **jiosaavn:song**
@ -654,10 +654,12 @@
 - **Ketnet**
 - **khanacademy**
 - **khanacademy:unit**
- - **Kick**
+ - **kick:clips**
+ - **kick:live**
+ - **kick:vod**
 - **Kicker**
 - **KickStarter**
- - **KickVOD**
+ - **Kika**: KiKA.de
 - **kinja:embed**
 - **KinoPoisk**
 - **Kommunetv**
@ -676,17 +678,20 @@
 - **la7.it**
 - **la7.it:pod:episode**
 - **la7.it:podcast**
+ - **laracasts**
+ - **laracasts:series**
 - **LastFM**
 - **LastFMPlaylist**
 - **LastFMUser**
 - **LaXarxaMes**: [*laxarxames*](## "netrc machine")
- - **lbry**
- - **lbry:channel**
- - **lbry:playlist**
+ - **lbry**: odysee.com
+ - **lbry:channel**: odysee.com channels
+ - **lbry:playlist**: odysee.com playlists
 - **LCI**
 - **Lcp**
 - **LcpPlay**
 - **Le**: 乐视网
+ - **LearningOnScreen**
 - **Lecture2Go**: (**Currently broken**)
 - **Lecturio**: [*lecturio*](## "netrc machine")
 - **LecturioCourse**: [*lecturio*](## "netrc machine")
@ -717,7 +722,6 @@
 - **livestream:original**
 - **Livestreamfails**
 - **Lnk**
- - **LnkGo**
 - **loc**: Library of Congress
 - **loom**
 - **loom:folder**
@ -751,7 +755,7 @@
 - **Masters**
 - **MatchTV**
 - **MBN**: mbn.co.kr (매일방송)
- - **MDR**: MDR.DE and KiKA
+ - **MDR**: MDR.DE
 - **MedalTV**
 - **media.ccc.de**
 - **media.ccc.de:lists**
@ -773,7 +777,12 @@
 - **MelonVOD**
 - **Metacritic**
 - **mewatch**
+ - **MicrosoftBuild**
 - **MicrosoftEmbed**
+ - **MicrosoftLearnEpisode**
+ - **MicrosoftLearnPlaylist**
+ - **MicrosoftLearnSession**
+ - **MicrosoftMedius**
 - **microsoftstream**: Microsoft Stream
 - **mildom**: Record ongoing live by specific user in Mildom
 - **mildom:clip**: Clip in Mildom
@ -801,6 +810,7 @@
 - **MNetTVLive**: [*mnettv*](## "netrc machine")
 - **MNetTVRecordings**: [*mnettv*](## "netrc machine")
 - **MochaVideo**
+ - **Mojevideo**: mojevideo.sk
 - **Mojvideo**
 - **Monstercat**
 - **MonsterSirenHypergryphMusic**
@ -809,8 +819,6 @@
 - **MotherlessGroup**
 - **MotherlessUploader**
 - **Motorsport**: motorsport.com (**Currently broken**)
- - **MotorTrend**
- - **MotorTrendOnDemand**
 - **MovieFap**
 - **Moviepilot**
 - **MoviewPlay**
@ -828,7 +836,7 @@
 - **MTVUutisetArticle**: (**Currently broken**)
 - **MuenchenTV**: münchen.tv (**Currently broken**)
 - **MujRozhlas**
- - **Murrtube**: (**Currently broken**)
+ - **Murrtube**
 - **MurrtubeUser**: Murrtube user profile (**Currently broken**)
 - **MuseAI**
 - **MuseScore**
@ -836,8 +844,6 @@
 - **MusicdexArtist**
 - **MusicdexPlaylist**
 - **MusicdexSong**
- - **mva**: Microsoft Virtual Academy videos
- - **mva:course**: Microsoft Virtual Academy courses
 - **Mx3**
 - **Mx3Neo**
 - **Mx3Volksmusik**
@ -974,6 +980,7 @@
 - **NRKTVSeason**
 - **NRKTVSeries**
 - **NRLTV**: (**Currently broken**)
+ - **nts.live**
 - **ntv.ru**
 - **NubilesPorn**: [*nubiles-porn*](## "netrc machine")
 - **nuum:live**
@ -1015,7 +1022,6 @@
 - **orf:on**
 - **orf:podcast**
 - **orf:radio**
- - **orf:tvthek**: ORF TVthek
 - **OsnatelTV**: [*osnateltv*](## "netrc machine")
 - **OsnatelTVLive**: [*osnateltv*](## "netrc machine")
 - **OsnatelTVRecordings**: [*osnateltv*](## "netrc machine")
@ -1036,8 +1042,8 @@
 - **Parler**: Posts on parler.com
 - **parliamentlive.tv**: UK parliament videos
 - **Parlview**: (**Currently broken**)
- - **Patreon**
- - **PatreonCampaign**
+ - **patreon**
+ - **patreon:campaign**
 - **pbs**: Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) and member stations: PBS: Public Broadcasting Service, APT - Alabama Public Television (WBIQ), GPB/Georgia Public Broadcasting (WGTV), Mississippi Public Broadcasting (WMPN), Nashville Public Television (WNPT), WFSU-TV (WFSU), WSRE (WSRE), WTCI (WTCI), WPBA/Channel 30 (WPBA), Alaska Public Media (KAKM), Arizona PBS (KAET), KNME-TV/Channel 5 (KNME), Vegas PBS (KLVX), AETN/ARKANSAS ETV NETWORK (KETS), KET (WKLE), WKNO/Channel 10 (WKNO), LPB/LOUISIANA PUBLIC BROADCASTING (WLPB), OETA (KETA), Ozarks Public Television (KOZK), WSIU Public Broadcasting (WSIU), KEET TV (KEET), KIXE/Channel 9 (KIXE), KPBS San Diego (KPBS), KQED (KQED), KVIE Public Television (KVIE), PBS SoCal/KOCE (KOCE), ValleyPBS (KVPT), CONNECTICUT PUBLIC TELEVISION (WEDH), KNPB Channel 5 (KNPB), SOPTV (KSYS), Rocky Mountain PBS (KRMA), KENW-TV3 (KENW), KUED Channel 7 (KUED), Wyoming PBS (KCWC), Colorado Public Television / KBDI 12 (KBDI), KBYU-TV (KBYU), Thirteen/WNET New York (WNET), WGBH/Channel 2 (WGBH), WGBY (WGBY), NJTV Public Media NJ (WNJT), WLIW21 (WLIW), mpt/Maryland Public Television (WMPB), WETA Television and Radio (WETA), WHYY (WHYY), PBS 39 (WLVT), WVPT - Your Source for PBS and More! (WVPT), Howard University Television (WHUT), WEDU PBS (WEDU), WGCU Public Media (WGCU), WPBT2 (WPBT), WUCF TV (WUCF), WUFT/Channel 5 (WUFT), WXEL/Channel 42 (WXEL), WLRN/Channel 17 (WLRN), WUSF Public Broadcasting (WUSF), ETV (WRLK), UNC-TV (WUNC), PBS Hawaii - Oceanic Cable Channel 10 (KHET), Idaho Public Television (KAID), KSPS (KSPS), OPB (KOPB), KWSU/Channel 10 & KTNW/Channel 31 (KWSU), WILL-TV (WILL), Network Knowledge - WSEC/Springfield (WSEC), WTTW11 (WTTW), Iowa Public Television/IPTV (KDIN), Nine Network (KETC), PBS39 Fort Wayne (WFWA), WFYI Indianapolis (WFYI), Milwaukee Public Television (WMVS), WNIN (WNIN), WNIT Public Television (WNIT), WPT (WPNE), WVUT/Channel 22 (WVUT), WEIU/Channel 51 (WEIU), WQPT-TV (WQPT), WYCC PBS Chicago (WYCC), WIPB-TV (WIPB), WTIU (WTIU), CET  (WCET), ThinkTVNetwork (WPTD), WBGU-TV (WBGU), WGVU TV (WGVU), NET1 (KUON), Pioneer Public Television (KWCM), SDPB Television (KUSD), TPT (KTCA), KSMQ (KSMQ), KPTS/Channel 8 (KPTS), KTWU/Channel 11 (KTWU), East Tennessee PBS (WSJK), WCTE-TV (WCTE), WLJT, Channel 11 (WLJT), WOSU TV (WOSU), WOUB/WOUC (WOUB), WVPB (WVPB), WKYU-PBS (WKYU), KERA 13 (KERA), MPBN (WCBB), Mountain Lake PBS (WCFE), NHPTV (WENH), Vermont PBS (WETK), witf (WITF), WQED Multimedia (WQED), WMHT Educational Telecommunications (WMHT), Q-TV (WDCQ), WTVS Detroit Public TV (WTVS), CMU Public Television (WCMU), WKAR-TV (WKAR), WNMU-TV Public TV 13 (WNMU), WDSE - WRPT (WDSE), WGTE TV (WGTE), Lakeland Public Television (KAWE), KMOS-TV - Channels 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3 (KMOS), MontanaPBS (KUSM), KRWG/Channel 22 (KRWG), KACV (KACV), KCOS/Channel 13 (KCOS), WCNY/Channel 24 (WCNY), WNED (WNED), WPBS (WPBS), WSKG Public TV (WSKG), WXXI (WXXI), WPSU (WPSU), WVIA Public Media Studios (WVIA), WTVI (WTVI), Western Reserve PBS (WNEO), WVIZ/PBS ideastream (WVIZ), KCTS 9 (KCTS), Basin PBS (KPBT), KUHT / Channel 8 (KUHT), KLRN (KLRN), KLRU (KLRU), WTJX Channel 12 (WTJX), WCVE PBS (WCVE), KBTC Public Television (KBTC)
 - **PBSKids**
 - **PearVideo**
@ -1129,13 +1135,13 @@
 - **QingTing**
 - **qqmusic**: QQ音乐
 - **qqmusic:album**: QQ音乐 - 专辑
+ - **qqmusic:mv**: QQ音乐 - MV
 - **qqmusic:playlist**: QQ音乐 - 歌单
 - **qqmusic:singer**: QQ音乐 - 歌手
 - **qqmusic:toplist**: QQ音乐 - 排行榜
 - **QuantumTV**: [*quantumtv*](## "netrc machine")
 - **QuantumTVLive**: [*quantumtv*](## "netrc machine")
 - **QuantumTVRecordings**: [*quantumtv*](## "netrc machine")
- - **Qub**
 - **R7**: (**Currently broken**)
 - **R7Article**: (**Currently broken**)
 - **Radiko**
@ -1235,6 +1241,7 @@
 - **rtve.es:television**
 - **RTVS**
 - **rtvslo.si**
+ - **rtvslo.si:show**
 - **RudoVideo**
 - **Rule34Video**
 - **Rumble**
@ -1278,12 +1285,14 @@
 - **Screencast**
 - **Screencastify**
 - **ScreencastOMatic**
+ - **ScreenRec**
 - **ScrippsNetworks**
 - **scrippsnetworks:watch**
 - **Scrolller**
 - **SCTE**: [*scte*](## "netrc machine") (**Currently broken**)
 - **SCTECourse**: [*scte*](## "netrc machine") (**Currently broken**)
 - **sejm**
+ - **Sen**
 - **SenalColombiaLive**: (**Currently broken**)
 - **SenateGov**
 - **SenateISVP**
@ -1320,11 +1329,16 @@
 - **SlidesLive**
 - **Slutload**
 - **Smotrim**
+ - **SnapchatSpotlight**
 - **Snotr**
 - **Sohu**
 - **SohuV**
 - **SonyLIV**: [*sonyliv*](## "netrc machine")
 - **SonyLIVSeries**
+ - **soop**: [*afreecatv*](## "netrc machine") sooplive.co.kr
+ - **soop:catchstory**: [*afreecatv*](## "netrc machine") sooplive.co.kr catch story
+ - **soop:live**: [*afreecatv*](## "netrc machine") sooplive.co.kr livestreams
+ - **soop:user**: [*afreecatv*](## "netrc machine")
 - **soundcloud**: [*soundcloud*](## "netrc machine")
 - **soundcloud:playlist**: [*soundcloud*](## "netrc machine")
 - **soundcloud:related**: [*soundcloud*](## "netrc machine")
@ -1358,6 +1372,7 @@
 - **SpreakerShowPage**
 - **SpringboardPlatform**
 - **Sprout**
+ - **SproutVideo**
 - **sr:mediathek**: Saarländischer Rundfunk (**Currently broken**)
 - **SRGSSR**
 - **SRGSSRPlay**: srf.ch, rts.ch, rsi.ch, rtr.ch and swissinfo.ch play sites
@ -1394,6 +1409,10 @@
 - **SztvHu**
 - **t-online.de**: (**Currently broken**)
 - **Tagesschau**: (**Currently broken**)
+ - **TapTapApp**
+ - **TapTapAppIntl**
+ - **TapTapMoment**
+ - **TapTapPostIntl**
 - **Tass**: (**Currently broken**)
 - **TBS**
 - **TBSJPEpisode**
@ -1412,7 +1431,7 @@
 - **TedSeries**
 - **TedTalk**
 - **Tele13**
- - **Tele5**: (**Currently broken**)
+ - **Tele5**
 - **TeleBruxelles**
 - **TelecaribePlay**
 - **Telecinco**: telecinco.es, cuatro.com and mediaset.es
@ -1426,7 +1445,7 @@
 - **TeleQuebecSquat**
 - **TeleQuebecVideo**
 - **TeleTask**: (**Currently broken**)
- - **Telewebion**
+ - **Telewebion**: (**Currently broken**)
 - **Tempo**
 - **TennisTV**: [*tennistv*](## "netrc machine")
 - **TenPlay**: [*10play*](## "netrc machine")
@ -1452,11 +1471,12 @@
 - **ThreeSpeak**
 - **ThreeSpeakUser**
 - **TikTok**
+ - **tiktok:collection**
 - **tiktok:effect**: (**Currently broken**)
 - **tiktok:live**
 - **tiktok:sound**: (**Currently broken**)
 - **tiktok:tag**: (**Currently broken**)
- - **tiktok:user**: (**Currently broken**)
+ - **tiktok:user**
 - **TLC**
 - **TMZ**
 - **TNAFlix**
@ -1487,8 +1507,8 @@
 - **Tube8**: (**Currently broken**)
 - **TubeTuGraz**: [*tubetugraz*](## "netrc machine") tube.tugraz.at
 - **TubeTuGrazSeries**: [*tubetugraz*](## "netrc machine")
- - **TubiTv**: [*tubitv*](## "netrc machine")
- - **TubiTvShow**
+ - **tubitv**: [*tubitv*](## "netrc machine")
+ - **tubitv:series**
 - **Tumblr**: [*tumblr*](## "netrc machine")
 - **TuneInPodcast**
 - **TuneInPodcastEpisode**
@ -1501,13 +1521,13 @@
 - **tv2play.hu**
 - **tv2playseries.hu**
 - **TV4**: tv4.se and tv4play.se
- - **TV5MondePlus**: TV5MONDE+
+ - **TV5MONDE**
 - **tv5unis**
 - **tv5unis:video**
 - **tv8.it**
- - **TVA**
 - **TVANouvelles**
 - **TVANouvellesArticle**
+ - **tvaplus**: TVA+
 - **TVC**
 - **TVCArticle**
 - **TVer**
@ -1595,11 +1615,14 @@
 - **videomore:season**
 - **videomore:video**
 - **VideoPress**
+ - **Vidflex**
 - **Vidio**: [*vidio*](## "netrc machine")
 - **VidioLive**: [*vidio*](## "netrc machine")
 - **VidioPremier**: [*vidio*](## "netrc machine")
 - **VidLii**
 - **Vidly**
+ - **vids.io**
+ - **Vidyard**
 - **viewlift**
 - **viewlift:embed**
 - **Viidea**
@ -1639,8 +1662,6 @@
 - **voicy**: (**Currently broken**)
 - **voicy:channel**: (**Currently broken**)
 - **VolejTV**
- - **Voot**: [*voot*](## "netrc machine") (**Currently broken**)
- - **VootSeries**: [*voot*](## "netrc machine") (**Currently broken**)
 - **VoxMedia**
 - **VoxMediaVolume**
 - **vpro**: npo.nl, ntr.nl, omroepwnl.nl, zapp.nl and npo3.nl
@ -1649,6 +1670,8 @@
 - **VRT**: VRT NWS, Flanders News, Flandern Info and Sporza
 - **VrtNU**: [*vrtnu*](## "netrc machine") VRT MAX
 - **VTM**: (**Currently broken**)
+ - **VTV**
+ - **VTVGo**
 - **VTXTV**: [*vtxtv*](## "netrc machine")
 - **VTXTVLive**: [*vtxtv*](## "netrc machine")
 - **VTXTVRecordings**: [*vtxtv*](## "netrc machine")
@ -1715,13 +1738,13 @@
 - **wykop:post:comment**
 - **Xanimu**
 - **XboxClips**
- - **XFileShare**: XFileShare based sites: Aparat, ClipWatching, GoUnlimited, GoVid, HolaVid, Streamty, TheVideoBee, Uqload, VidBom, vidlo, VidLocker, VidShare, VUp, WolfStream, XVideoSharing
 - **XHamster**
 - **XHamsterEmbed**
 - **XHamsterUser**
+ - **XiaoHongShu**: 小红书
 - **ximalaya**: 喜马拉雅FM
 - **ximalaya:album**: 喜马拉雅FM 专辑
- - **xinpianchang**: xinpianchang.com (**Currently broken**)
+ - **Xinpianchang**: 新片场
 - **XMinus**: (**Currently broken**)
 - **XNXX**
 - **Xstream**
@ -1749,26 +1772,30 @@
 - **YouNowLive**
 - **YouNowMoment**
 - **YouPorn**
- - **YourPorn**
- - **YourUpload**
- - **youtube**: YouTube
- - **youtube:clip**
- - **youtube:favorites**: YouTube liked videos; ":ytfav" keyword (requires cookies)
- - **youtube:history**: Youtube watch history; ":ythis" keyword (requires cookies)
- - **youtube:music:search_url**: YouTube music search URLs with selectable sections, e.g. #songs
- - **youtube:notif**: YouTube notifications; ":ytnotif" keyword (requires cookies)
- - **youtube:playlist**: YouTube playlists
- - **youtube:recommended**: YouTube recommended videos; ":ytrec" keyword
- - **youtube:search**: YouTube search; "ytsearch:" prefix
- - **youtube:search:date**: YouTube search, newest videos first; "ytsearchdate:" prefix
- - **youtube:search_url**: YouTube search URLs with sorting and filter support
- - **youtube:shorts:pivot:audio**: YouTube Shorts audio pivot (Shorts using audio of a given video)
- - **youtube:subscriptions**: YouTube subscriptions feed; ":ytsubs" keyword (requires cookies)
- - **youtube:tab**: YouTube Tabs
- - **youtube:user**: YouTube user videos; "ytuser:" prefix
- - **youtube:watchlater**: Youtube watch later list; ":ytwatchlater" keyword (requires cookies)
- - **YoutubeLivestreamEmbed**: YouTube livestream embeds
- - **YoutubeYtBe**: youtu.be
+ - **YouPornCategory**: YouPorn category, with sorting, filtering and pagination
+ - **YouPornChannel**: YouPorn channel, with sorting and pagination
+ - **YouPornCollection**: YouPorn collection (user playlist), with sorting and pagination
+ - **YouPornStar**: YouPorn Pornstar, with description, sorting and pagination
+ - **YouPornTag**: YouPorn tag (porntags), with sorting, filtering and pagination
+ - **YouPornVideos**: YouPorn video (browse) playlists, with sorting, filtering and pagination
+ - **youtube**: [*youtube*](## "netrc machine") YouTube
+ - **youtube:clip**: [*youtube*](## "netrc machine")
+ - **youtube:favorites**: [*youtube*](## "netrc machine") YouTube liked videos; ":ytfav" keyword (requires cookies)
+ - **youtube:history**: [*youtube*](## "netrc machine") Youtube watch history; ":ythis" keyword (requires cookies)
+ - **youtube:music:search_url**: [*youtube*](## "netrc machine") YouTube music search URLs with selectable sections, e.g. #songs
+ - **youtube:notif**: [*youtube*](## "netrc machine") YouTube notifications; ":ytnotif" keyword (requires cookies)
+ - **youtube:playlist**: [*youtube*](## "netrc machine") YouTube playlists
+ - **youtube:recommended**: [*youtube*](## "netrc machine") YouTube recommended videos; ":ytrec" keyword
+ - **youtube:search**: [*youtube*](## "netrc machine") YouTube search; "ytsearch:" prefix
+ - **youtube:search:date**: [*youtube*](## "netrc machine") YouTube search, newest videos first; "ytsearchdate:" prefix
+ - **youtube:search_url**: [*youtube*](## "netrc machine") YouTube search URLs with sorting and filter support
+ - **youtube:shorts:pivot:audio**: [*youtube*](## "netrc machine") YouTube Shorts audio pivot (Shorts using audio of a given video)
+ - **youtube:subscriptions**: [*youtube*](## "netrc machine") YouTube subscriptions feed; ":ytsubs" keyword (requires cookies)
+ - **youtube:tab**: [*youtube*](## "netrc machine") YouTube Tabs
+ - **youtube:user**: [*youtube*](## "netrc machine") YouTube user videos; "ytuser:" prefix
+ - **youtube:watchlater**: [*youtube*](## "netrc machine") Youtube watch later list; ":ytwatchlater" keyword (requires cookies)
+ - **YoutubeLivestreamEmbed**: [*youtube*](## "netrc machine") YouTube livestream embeds
+ - **YoutubeYtBe**: [*youtube*](## "netrc machine") youtu.be
 - **Zaiko**
 - **ZaikoETicket**
 - **Zapiks**
--- a/test/conftest.py
+++ b/test/conftest.py
@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import functools
 import inspect

 import pytest
@ -10,7 +9,9 @@ from yt_dlp.utils._utils import _YDLLogger as FakeLogger

@pytest.fixture
 def handler(request):
-    RH_KEY = request.param
+    RH_KEY = getattr(request, 'param', None)
+    if not RH_KEY:
+        return
    if inspect.isclass(RH_KEY) and issubclass(RH_KEY, RequestHandler):
        handler = RH_KEY
    elif RH_KEY in _REQUEST_HANDLERS:
@ -18,9 +19,46 @@ def handler(request):
    else:
        pytest.skip(f'{RH_KEY} request handler is not available')

-    return functools.partial(handler, logger=FakeLogger)
+    class HandlerWrapper(handler):
+        RH_KEY = handler.RH_KEY

+        def __init__(self, **kwargs):
+            super().__init__(logger=FakeLogger, **kwargs)

-def validate_and_send(rh, req):
-    rh.validate(req)
-    return rh.send(req)
+    return HandlerWrapper
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def skip_handler(request, handler):
+    """usage: pytest.mark.skip_handler('my_handler', 'reason')"""
+    for marker in request.node.iter_markers('skip_handler'):
+        if marker.args[0] == handler.RH_KEY:
+            pytest.skip(marker.args[1] if len(marker.args) > 1 else '')
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def skip_handler_if(request, handler):
+    """usage: pytest.mark.skip_handler_if('my_handler', lambda request: True, 'reason')"""
+    for marker in request.node.iter_markers('skip_handler_if'):
+        if marker.args[0] == handler.RH_KEY and marker.args[1](request):
+            pytest.skip(marker.args[2] if len(marker.args) > 2 else '')
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def skip_handlers_if(request, handler):
+    """usage: pytest.mark.skip_handlers_if(lambda request, handler: True, 'reason')"""
+    for marker in request.node.iter_markers('skip_handlers_if'):
+        if handler and marker.args[0](request, handler):
+            pytest.skip(marker.args[1] if len(marker.args) > 1 else '')
+
+
+def pytest_configure(config):
+    config.addinivalue_line(
+        'markers', 'skip_handler(handler): skip test for the given handler',
+    )
+    config.addinivalue_line(
+        'markers', 'skip_handler_if(handler): skip test for the given handler if condition is true',
+    )
+    config.addinivalue_line(
+        'markers', 'skip_handlers_if(handler): skip test for handlers when the condition is true',
+    )
--- a/test/helper.py
+++ b/test/helper.py
@ -16,8 +16,8 @@ if 'pytest' in sys.modules:
    import pytest
    is_download_test = pytest.mark.download
 else:
-    def is_download_test(testClass):
-        return testClass
+    def is_download_test(test_class):
+        return test_class


 def get_params(override=None):
@ -45,10 +45,10 @@ def try_rm(filename):


 def report_warning(message, *args, **kwargs):
-    '''
+    """
    Print the message to stderr, it will be prefixed with 'WARNING:'
    If stderr is a tty file the 'WARNING:' will be colored
-    '''
+    """
    if sys.stderr.isatty() and compat_os_name != 'nt':
        _msg_header = '\033[0;33mWARNING:\033[0m'
    else:
@ -138,15 +138,14 @@ def expect_value(self, got, expected, field):
    elif isinstance(expected, list) and isinstance(got, list):
        self.assertEqual(
            len(expected), len(got),
-            'Expect a list of length %d, but got a list of length %d for field %s' % (
-                len(expected), len(got), field))
+            f'Expect a list of length {len(expected)}, but got a list of length {len(got)} for field {field}')
        for index, (item_got, item_expected) in enumerate(zip(got, expected)):
            type_got = type(item_got)
            type_expected = type(item_expected)
            self.assertEqual(
                type_expected, type_got,
-                'Type mismatch for list item at index %d for field %s, expected %r, got %r' % (
-                    index, field, type_expected, type_got))
+                f'Type mismatch for list item at index {index} for field {field}, '
+                f'expected {type_expected!r}, got {type_got!r}')
            expect_value(self, item_got, item_expected, field)
    else:
        if isinstance(expected, str) and expected.startswith('md5:'):
@ -224,7 +223,7 @@ def sanitize_got_info_dict(got_dict):
        test_info_dict.pop('display_id')

    # Remove deprecated fields
-    for old in YoutubeDL._deprecated_multivalue_fields.keys():
+    for old in YoutubeDL._deprecated_multivalue_fields:
        test_info_dict.pop(old, None)

    # release_year may be generated from release_date
@ -246,11 +245,11 @@ def expect_info_dict(self, got_dict, expected_dict):
        if expected_dict.get('ext'):
            mandatory_fields.extend(('url', 'ext'))
        for key in mandatory_fields:
-            self.assertTrue(got_dict.get(key), 'Missing mandatory field %s' % key)
+            self.assertTrue(got_dict.get(key), f'Missing mandatory field {key}')
    # Check for mandatory fields that are automatically set by YoutubeDL
    if got_dict.get('_type', 'video') == 'video':
        for key in ['webpage_url', 'extractor', 'extractor_key']:
-            self.assertTrue(got_dict.get(key), 'Missing field: %s' % key)
+            self.assertTrue(got_dict.get(key), f'Missing field: {key}')

    test_info_dict = sanitize_got_info_dict(got_dict)

@ -258,7 +257,7 @@ def expect_info_dict(self, got_dict, expected_dict):
    if missing_keys:
        def _repr(v):
            if isinstance(v, str):
-                return "'%s'" % v.replace('\\', '\\\\').replace("'", "\\'").replace('\n', '\\n')
+                return "'{}'".format(v.replace('\\', '\\\\').replace("'", "\\'").replace('\n', '\\n'))
            elif isinstance(v, type):
                return v.__name__
            else:
@ -275,8 +274,7 @@ def expect_info_dict(self, got_dict, expected_dict):
        write_string(info_dict_str.replace('\n', '\n        '), out=sys.stderr)
        self.assertFalse(
            missing_keys,
-            'Missing keys in test definition: %s' % (
-                ', '.join(sorted(missing_keys))))
+            'Missing keys in test definition: {}'.format(', '.join(sorted(missing_keys))))


 def assertRegexpMatches(self, text, regexp, msg=None):
@ -285,9 +283,9 @@ def assertRegexpMatches(self, text, regexp, msg=None):
    else:
        m = re.match(regexp, text)
        if not m:
-            note = 'Regexp didn\'t match: %r not found' % (regexp)
+            note = f'Regexp didn\'t match: {regexp!r} not found'
            if len(text) < 1000:
-                note += ' in %r' % text
+                note += f' in {text!r}'
            if msg is None:
                msg = note
            else:
@ -310,7 +308,7 @@ def assertLessEqual(self, got, expected, msg=None):


 def assertEqual(self, got, expected, msg=None):
-    if not (got == expected):
+    if got != expected:
        if msg is None:
            msg = f'{got!r} not equal to {expected!r}'
        self.assertTrue(got == expected, msg)
@ -338,3 +336,8 @@ def http_server_port(httpd):
 def verify_address_availability(address):
    if find_available_port(address) is None:
        pytest.skip(f'Unable to bind to source address {address} (address may not exist)')
+
+
+def validate_and_send(rh, req):
+    rh.validate(req)
+    return rh.send(req)
--- a/test/test_InfoExtractor.py
+++ b/test/test_InfoExtractor.py
@ -53,6 +53,18 @@ class TestInfoExtractor(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_ie_key(self):
        self.assertEqual(get_info_extractor(YoutubeIE.ie_key()), YoutubeIE)

+    def test_get_netrc_login_info(self):
+        for params in [
+            {'usenetrc': True, 'netrc_location': './test/testdata/netrc/netrc'},
+            {'netrc_cmd': f'{sys.executable} ./test/testdata/netrc/print_netrc.py'},
+        ]:
+            ie = DummyIE(FakeYDL(params))
+            self.assertEqual(ie._get_netrc_login_info(netrc_machine='normal_use'), ('user', 'pass'))
+            self.assertEqual(ie._get_netrc_login_info(netrc_machine='empty_user'), ('', 'pass'))
+            self.assertEqual(ie._get_netrc_login_info(netrc_machine='empty_pass'), ('user', ''))
+            self.assertEqual(ie._get_netrc_login_info(netrc_machine='both_empty'), ('', ''))
+            self.assertEqual(ie._get_netrc_login_info(netrc_machine='nonexistent'), (None, None))
+
    def test_html_search_regex(self):
        html = '<p id="foo">Watch this <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc">video</a></p>'
        search = lambda re, *args: self.ie._html_search_regex(re, html, *args)
@ -262,19 +274,19 @@ class TestInfoExtractor(unittest.TestCase):
                ''',
                {
                    'chapters': [
-                        {"title": "Explosie Turnhout", "start_time": 70, "end_time": 440},
-                        {"title": "Jaarwisseling", "start_time": 440, "end_time": 1179},
-                        {"title": "Natuurbranden Colorado", "start_time": 1179, "end_time": 1263},
-                        {"title": "Klimaatverandering", "start_time": 1263, "end_time": 1367},
-                        {"title": "Zacht weer", "start_time": 1367, "end_time": 1383},
-                        {"title": "Financiële balans", "start_time": 1383, "end_time": 1484},
-                        {"title": "Club Brugge", "start_time": 1484, "end_time": 1575},
-                        {"title": "Mentale gezondheid bij topsporters", "start_time": 1575, "end_time": 1728},
-                        {"title": "Olympische Winterspelen", "start_time": 1728, "end_time": 1873},
-                        {"title": "Sober oudjaar in Nederland", "start_time": 1873, "end_time": 2079.23}
+                        {'title': 'Explosie Turnhout', 'start_time': 70, 'end_time': 440},
+                        {'title': 'Jaarwisseling', 'start_time': 440, 'end_time': 1179},
+                        {'title': 'Natuurbranden Colorado', 'start_time': 1179, 'end_time': 1263},
+                        {'title': 'Klimaatverandering', 'start_time': 1263, 'end_time': 1367},
+                        {'title': 'Zacht weer', 'start_time': 1367, 'end_time': 1383},
+                        {'title': 'Financiële balans', 'start_time': 1383, 'end_time': 1484},
+                        {'title': 'Club Brugge', 'start_time': 1484, 'end_time': 1575},
+                        {'title': 'Mentale gezondheid bij topsporters', 'start_time': 1575, 'end_time': 1728},
+                        {'title': 'Olympische Winterspelen', 'start_time': 1728, 'end_time': 1873},
+                        {'title': 'Sober oudjaar in Nederland', 'start_time': 1873, 'end_time': 2079.23},
                    ],
-                    'title': 'Het journaal - Aflevering 365 (Seizoen 2021)'
-                }, {}
+                    'title': 'Het journaal - Aflevering 365 (Seizoen 2021)',
+                }, {},
            ),
            (
                # test multiple thumbnails in a list
@ -301,13 +313,13 @@ class TestInfoExtractor(unittest.TestCase):
                    'thumbnails': [{'url': 'https://www.rainews.it/cropgd/640x360/dl/img/2021/12/30/1640886376927_GettyImages.jpg'}],
                },
                {},
-            )
+            ),
        ]
        for html, expected_dict, search_json_ld_kwargs in _TESTS:
            expect_dict(
                self,
                self.ie._search_json_ld(html, None, **search_json_ld_kwargs),
-                expected_dict
+                expected_dict,
            )

    def test_download_json(self):
@ -366,7 +378,7 @@ class TestInfoExtractor(unittest.TestCase):
                    'height': 740,
                    'tbr': 1500,
                }],
-                'thumbnail': '//pics.r18.com/digital/amateur/mgmr105/mgmr105jp.jpg'
+                'thumbnail': '//pics.r18.com/digital/amateur/mgmr105/mgmr105jp.jpg',
            })

        # from https://www.csfd.cz/
@ -419,9 +431,9 @@ class TestInfoExtractor(unittest.TestCase):
                    'height': 1080,
                }],
                'subtitles': {
-                    'cs': [{'url': 'https://video.csfd.cz/files/subtitles/163/344/163344115_4c388b.srt'}]
+                    'cs': [{'url': 'https://video.csfd.cz/files/subtitles/163/344/163344115_4c388b.srt'}],
                },
-                'thumbnail': 'https://img.csfd.cz/files/images/film/video/preview/163/344/163344118_748d20.png?h360'
+                'thumbnail': 'https://img.csfd.cz/files/images/film/video/preview/163/344/163344118_748d20.png?h360',
            })

        # from https://tamasha.com/v/Kkdjw
@ -452,7 +464,7 @@ class TestInfoExtractor(unittest.TestCase):
                    'ext': 'mp4',
                    'format_id': '144p',
                    'height': 144,
-                }]
+                }],
            })

        # from https://www.directvnow.com
@ -470,7 +482,7 @@ class TestInfoExtractor(unittest.TestCase):
                'formats': [{
                    'ext': 'mp4',
                    'url': 'https://cdn.directv.com/content/dam/dtv/prod/website_directvnow-international/videos/DTVN_hdr_HBO_v3.mp4',
-                }]
+                }],
            })

        # from https://www.directvnow.com
@ -488,7 +500,7 @@ class TestInfoExtractor(unittest.TestCase):
                'formats': [{
                    'url': 'https://cdn.directv.com/content/dam/dtv/prod/website_directvnow-international/videos/DTVN_hdr_HBO_v3.mp4',
                    'ext': 'mp4',
-                }]
+                }],
            })

        # from https://www.klarna.com/uk/
@ -547,8 +559,8 @@ class TestInfoExtractor(unittest.TestCase):
                'id': 'XEgvuql4',
                'formats': [{
                    'url': 'rtmp://192.138.214.154/live/sjclive',
-                    'ext': 'flv'
-                }]
+                    'ext': 'flv',
+                }],
            })

        # from https://www.pornoxo.com/videos/7564/striptease-from-sexy-secretary/
@ -588,8 +600,8 @@ class TestInfoExtractor(unittest.TestCase):
                'thumbnail': 'https://t03.vipstreamservice.com/thumbs/pxo-full/2009-12/14/a4b2157147afe5efa93ce1978e0265289c193874e02597.flv-full-13.jpg',
                'formats': [{
                    'url': 'https://cdn.pornoxo.com/key=MF+oEbaxqTKb50P-w9G3nA,end=1489689259,ip=104.199.146.27/ip=104.199.146.27/speed=6573765/buffer=3.0/2009-12/4b2157147afe5efa93ce1978e0265289c193874e02597.flv',
-                    'ext': 'flv'
-                }]
+                    'ext': 'flv',
+                }],
            })

        # from http://www.indiedb.com/games/king-machine/videos
@ -610,12 +622,12 @@ jwplayer("mediaplayer").setup({"abouttext":"Visit Indie DB","aboutlink":"http:\/
                'formats': [{
                    'url': 'http://cdn.dbolical.com/cache/videos/games/1/50/49678/encode_mp4/king-machine-trailer.mp4',
                    'height': 360,
-                    'ext': 'mp4'
+                    'ext': 'mp4',
                }, {
                    'url': 'http://cdn.dbolical.com/cache/videos/games/1/50/49678/encode720p_mp4/king-machine-trailer.mp4',
                    'height': 720,
-                    'ext': 'mp4'
-                }]
+                    'ext': 'mp4',
+                }],
            })

    def test_parse_m3u8_formats(self):
@ -866,7 +878,7 @@ jwplayer("mediaplayer").setup({"abouttext":"Visit Indie DB","aboutlink":"http:\/
                    'height': 1080,
                    'vcodec': 'avc1.64002a',
                }],
-                {}
+                {},
            ),
            (
                'bipbop_16x9',
@ -990,45 +1002,45 @@ jwplayer("mediaplayer").setup({"abouttext":"Visit Indie DB","aboutlink":"http:\/
                    'en': [{
                        'url': 'https://devstreaming-cdn.apple.com/videos/streaming/examples/bipbop_16x9/subtitles/eng/prog_index.m3u8',
                        'ext': 'vtt',
-                        'protocol': 'm3u8_native'
+                        'protocol': 'm3u8_native',
                    }, {
                        'url': 'https://devstreaming-cdn.apple.com/videos/streaming/examples/bipbop_16x9/subtitles/eng_forced/prog_index.m3u8',
                        'ext': 'vtt',
-                        'protocol': 'm3u8_native'
+                        'protocol': 'm3u8_native',
                    }],
                    'fr': [{
                        'url': 'https://devstreaming-cdn.apple.com/videos/streaming/examples/bipbop_16x9/subtitles/fra/prog_index.m3u8',
                        'ext': 'vtt',
-                        'protocol': 'm3u8_native'
+                        'protocol': 'm3u8_native',
                    }, {
                        'url': 'https://devstreaming-cdn.apple.com/videos/streaming/examples/bipbop_16x9/subtitles/fra_forced/prog_index.m3u8',
                        'ext': 'vtt',
-                        'protocol': 'm3u8_native'
+                        'protocol': 'm3u8_native',
                    }],
                    'es': [{
                        'url': 'https://devstreaming-cdn.apple.com/videos/streaming/examples/bipbop_16x9/subtitles/spa/prog_index.m3u8',
                        'ext': 'vtt',
-                        'protocol': 'm3u8_native'
+                        'protocol': 'm3u8_native',
                    }, {
                        'url': 'https://devstreaming-cdn.apple.com/videos/streaming/examples/bipbop_16x9/subtitles/spa_forced/prog_index.m3u8',
                        'ext': 'vtt',
-                        'protocol': 'm3u8_native'
+                        'protocol': 'm3u8_native',
                    }],
                    'ja': [{
                        'url': 'https://devstreaming-cdn.apple.com/videos/streaming/examples/bipbop_16x9/subtitles/jpn/prog_index.m3u8',
                        'ext': 'vtt',
-                        'protocol': 'm3u8_native'
+                        'protocol': 'm3u8_native',
                    }, {
                        'url': 'https://devstreaming-cdn.apple.com/videos/streaming/examples/bipbop_16x9/subtitles/jpn_forced/prog_index.m3u8',
                        'ext': 'vtt',
-                        'protocol': 'm3u8_native'
+                        'protocol': 'm3u8_native',
                    }],
-                }
+                },
            ),
        ]

        for m3u8_file, m3u8_url, expected_formats, expected_subs in _TEST_CASES:
-            with open('./test/testdata/m3u8/%s.m3u8' % m3u8_file, encoding='utf-8') as f:
+            with open(f'./test/testdata/m3u8/{m3u8_file}.m3u8', encoding='utf-8') as f:
                formats, subs = self.ie._parse_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
                    f.read(), m3u8_url, ext='mp4')
                self.ie._sort_formats(formats)
@ -1366,14 +1378,14 @@ jwplayer("mediaplayer").setup({"abouttext":"Visit Indie DB","aboutlink":"http:\/
                            'url': 'https://sdn-global-streaming-cache-3qsdn.akamaized.net/stream/3144/files/17/07/672975/3144-kZT4LWMQw6Rh7Kpd.ism/manifest.mpd',
                            'fragment_base_url': 'https://sdn-global-streaming-cache-3qsdn.akamaized.net/stream/3144/files/17/07/672975/3144-kZT4LWMQw6Rh7Kpd.ism/dash/',
                            'protocol': 'http_dash_segments',
-                        }
-                    ]
+                        },
+                    ],
                },
-            )
+            ),
        ]

        for mpd_file, mpd_url, mpd_base_url, expected_formats, expected_subtitles in _TEST_CASES:
-            with open('./test/testdata/mpd/%s.mpd' % mpd_file, encoding='utf-8') as f:
+            with open(f'./test/testdata/mpd/{mpd_file}.mpd', encoding='utf-8') as f:
                formats, subtitles = self.ie._parse_mpd_formats_and_subtitles(
                    compat_etree_fromstring(f.read().encode()),
                    mpd_base_url=mpd_base_url, mpd_url=mpd_url)
@ -1408,7 +1420,7 @@ jwplayer("mediaplayer").setup({"abouttext":"Visit Indie DB","aboutlink":"http:\/
                        'sampling_rate': 48000,
                        'channels': 2,
                        'bits_per_sample': 16,
-                        'nal_unit_length_field': 4
+                        'nal_unit_length_field': 4,
                    },
                }, {
                    'format_id': 'video-100',
@ -1431,7 +1443,7 @@ jwplayer("mediaplayer").setup({"abouttext":"Visit Indie DB","aboutlink":"http:\/
                        'codec_private_data': '00000001674D401FDA0544EFFC2D002CBC40000003004000000C03C60CA80000000168EF32C8',
                        'channels': 2,
                        'bits_per_sample': 16,
-                        'nal_unit_length_field': 4
+                        'nal_unit_length_field': 4,
                    },
                }, {
                    'format_id': 'video-326',
@ -1454,7 +1466,7 @@ jwplayer("mediaplayer").setup({"abouttext":"Visit Indie DB","aboutlink":"http:\/
                        'codec_private_data': '00000001674D401FDA0241FE23FFC3BC83BA44000003000400000300C03C60CA800000000168EF32C8',
                        'channels': 2,
                        'bits_per_sample': 16,
-                        'nal_unit_length_field': 4
+                        'nal_unit_length_field': 4,
                    },
                }, {
                    'format_id': 'video-698',
@ -1477,7 +1489,7 @@ jwplayer("mediaplayer").setup({"abouttext":"Visit Indie DB","aboutlink":"http:\/
                        'codec_private_data': '00000001674D401FDA0350BFB97FF06AF06AD1000003000100000300300F1832A00000000168EF32C8',
                        'channels': 2,
                        'bits_per_sample': 16,
-                        'nal_unit_length_field': 4
+                        'nal_unit_length_field': 4,
                    },
                }, {
                    'format_id': 'video-1493',
@ -1500,7 +1512,7 @@ jwplayer("mediaplayer").setup({"abouttext":"Visit Indie DB","aboutlink":"http:\/
                        'codec_private_data': '00000001674D401FDA011C3DE6FFF0D890D871000003000100000300300F1832A00000000168EF32C8',
                        'channels': 2,
                        'bits_per_sample': 16,
-                        'nal_unit_length_field': 4
+                        'nal_unit_length_field': 4,
                    },
                }, {
                    'format_id': 'video-4482',
@ -1523,7 +1535,7 @@ jwplayer("mediaplayer").setup({"abouttext":"Visit Indie DB","aboutlink":"http:\/
                        'codec_private_data': '00000001674D401FDA01A816F97FFC1ABC1AB440000003004000000C03C60CA80000000168EF32C8',
                        'channels': 2,
                        'bits_per_sample': 16,
-                        'nal_unit_length_field': 4
+                        'nal_unit_length_field': 4,
                    },
                }],
                {
@ -1538,10 +1550,10 @@ jwplayer("mediaplayer").setup({"abouttext":"Visit Indie DB","aboutlink":"http:\/
                                'duration': 8880746666,
                                'timescale': 10000000,
                                'fourcc': 'TTML',
-                                'codec_private_data': ''
-                            }
-                        }
-                    ]
+                                'codec_private_data': '',
+                            },
+                        },
+                    ],
                },
            ),
            (
@ -1571,7 +1583,7 @@ jwplayer("mediaplayer").setup({"abouttext":"Visit Indie DB","aboutlink":"http:\/
                        'sampling_rate': 48000,
                        'channels': 2,
                        'bits_per_sample': 16,
-                        'nal_unit_length_field': 4
+                        'nal_unit_length_field': 4,
                    },
                }, {
                    'format_id': 'audio_deu_1-224',
@ -1597,7 +1609,7 @@ jwplayer("mediaplayer").setup({"abouttext":"Visit Indie DB","aboutlink":"http:\/
                        'sampling_rate': 48000,
                        'channels': 6,
                        'bits_per_sample': 16,
-                        'nal_unit_length_field': 4
+                        'nal_unit_length_field': 4,
                    },
                }, {
                    'format_id': 'video_deu-23',
@ -1622,7 +1634,7 @@ jwplayer("mediaplayer").setup({"abouttext":"Visit Indie DB","aboutlink":"http:\/
                        'codec_private_data': '000000016742C00CDB06077E5C05A808080A00000300020000030009C0C02EE0177CC6300F142AE00000000168CA8DC8',
                        'channels': 2,
                        'bits_per_sample': 16,
-                        'nal_unit_length_field': 4
+                        'nal_unit_length_field': 4,
                    },
                }, {
                    'format_id': 'video_deu-403',
@ -1647,7 +1659,7 @@ jwplayer("mediaplayer").setup({"abouttext":"Visit Indie DB","aboutlink":"http:\/
                        'codec_private_data': '00000001674D4014E98323B602D4040405000003000100000300320F1429380000000168EAECF2',
                        'channels': 2,
                        'bits_per_sample': 16,
-                        'nal_unit_length_field': 4
+                        'nal_unit_length_field': 4,
                    },
                }, {
                    'format_id': 'video_deu-680',
@ -1672,7 +1684,7 @@ jwplayer("mediaplayer").setup({"abouttext":"Visit Indie DB","aboutlink":"http:\/
                        'codec_private_data': '00000001674D401EE981405FF2E02D4040405000000300100000030320F162D3800000000168EAECF2',
                        'channels': 2,
                        'bits_per_sample': 16,
-                        'nal_unit_length_field': 4
+                        'nal_unit_length_field': 4,
                    },
                }, {
                    'format_id': 'video_deu-1253',
@ -1698,7 +1710,7 @@ jwplayer("mediaplayer").setup({"abouttext":"Visit Indie DB","aboutlink":"http:\/
                        'codec_private_data': '00000001674D401EE981405FF2E02D4040405000000300100000030320F162D3800000000168EAECF2',
                        'channels': 2,
                        'bits_per_sample': 16,
-                        'nal_unit_length_field': 4
+                        'nal_unit_length_field': 4,
                    },
                }, {
                    'format_id': 'video_deu-2121',
@ -1723,7 +1735,7 @@ jwplayer("mediaplayer").setup({"abouttext":"Visit Indie DB","aboutlink":"http:\/
                        'codec_private_data': '00000001674D401EECA0601BD80B50101014000003000400000300C83C58B6580000000168E93B3C80',
                        'channels': 2,
                        'bits_per_sample': 16,
-                        'nal_unit_length_field': 4
+                        'nal_unit_length_field': 4,
                    },
                }, {
                    'format_id': 'video_deu-3275',
@ -1748,7 +1760,7 @@ jwplayer("mediaplayer").setup({"abouttext":"Visit Indie DB","aboutlink":"http:\/
                        'codec_private_data': '00000001674D4020ECA02802DD80B501010140000003004000000C83C60C65800000000168E93B3C80',
                        'channels': 2,
                        'bits_per_sample': 16,
-                        'nal_unit_length_field': 4
+                        'nal_unit_length_field': 4,
                    },
                }, {
                    'format_id': 'video_deu-5300',
@ -1773,7 +1785,7 @@ jwplayer("mediaplayer").setup({"abouttext":"Visit Indie DB","aboutlink":"http:\/
                        'codec_private_data': '00000001674D4028ECA03C0113F2E02D4040405000000300100000030320F18319600000000168E93B3C80',
                        'channels': 2,
                        'bits_per_sample': 16,
-                        'nal_unit_length_field': 4
+                        'nal_unit_length_field': 4,
                    },
                }, {
                    'format_id': 'video_deu-8079',
@ -1798,7 +1810,7 @@ jwplayer("mediaplayer").setup({"abouttext":"Visit Indie DB","aboutlink":"http:\/
                        'codec_private_data': '00000001674D4028ECA03C0113F2E02D4040405000000300100000030320F18319600000000168E93B3C80',
                        'channels': 2,
                        'bits_per_sample': 16,
-                        'nal_unit_length_field': 4
+                        'nal_unit_length_field': 4,
                    },
                }],
                {},
@ -1806,7 +1818,7 @@ jwplayer("mediaplayer").setup({"abouttext":"Visit Indie DB","aboutlink":"http:\/
        ]

        for ism_file, ism_url, expected_formats, expected_subtitles in _TEST_CASES:
-            with open('./test/testdata/ism/%s.Manifest' % ism_file, encoding='utf-8') as f:
+            with open(f'./test/testdata/ism/{ism_file}.Manifest', encoding='utf-8') as f:
                formats, subtitles = self.ie._parse_ism_formats_and_subtitles(
                    compat_etree_fromstring(f.read().encode()), ism_url=ism_url)
                self.ie._sort_formats(formats)
@ -1827,12 +1839,12 @@ jwplayer("mediaplayer").setup({"abouttext":"Visit Indie DB","aboutlink":"http:\/
                    'tbr': 2148,
                    'width': 1280,
                    'height': 720,
-                }]
+                }],
            ),
        ]

        for f4m_file, f4m_url, expected_formats in _TEST_CASES:
-            with open('./test/testdata/f4m/%s.f4m' % f4m_file, encoding='utf-8') as f:
+            with open(f'./test/testdata/f4m/{f4m_file}.f4m', encoding='utf-8') as f:
                formats = self.ie._parse_f4m_formats(
                    compat_etree_fromstring(f.read().encode()),
                    f4m_url, None)
@ -1873,13 +1885,13 @@ jwplayer("mediaplayer").setup({"abouttext":"Visit Indie DB","aboutlink":"http:\/
                    }, {
                        'manifest_url': 'https://example.org/src/foo_xspf.xspf',
                        'url': 'https://example.com/track3.mp3',
-                    }]
-                }]
+                    }],
+                }],
            ),
        ]

        for xspf_file, xspf_url, expected_entries in _TEST_CASES:
-            with open('./test/testdata/xspf/%s.xspf' % xspf_file, encoding='utf-8') as f:
+            with open(f'./test/testdata/xspf/{xspf_file}.xspf', encoding='utf-8') as f:
                entries = self.ie._parse_xspf(
                    compat_etree_fromstring(f.read().encode()),
                    xspf_file, xspf_url=xspf_url, xspf_base_url=xspf_url)
@ -1902,7 +1914,7 @@ jwplayer("mediaplayer").setup({"abouttext":"Visit Indie DB","aboutlink":"http:\/
        server_thread.start()

        (content, urlh) = self.ie._download_webpage_handle(
-            'http://127.0.0.1:%d/teapot' % port, None,
+            f'http://127.0.0.1:{port}/teapot', None,
            expected_status=TEAPOT_RESPONSE_STATUS)
        self.assertEqual(content, TEAPOT_RESPONSE_BODY)

@ -1912,7 +1924,7 @@ jwplayer("mediaplayer").setup({"abouttext":"Visit Indie DB","aboutlink":"http:\/
        self.assertEqual(self.ie._search_nextjs_data('', None, fatal=False), {})
        self.assertEqual(self.ie._search_nextjs_data('', None, default=None), None)
        self.assertEqual(self.ie._search_nextjs_data('', None, default={}), {})
-        with self.assertRaises(DeprecationWarning):
+        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
            self.assertEqual(self.ie._search_nextjs_data('', None, default='{}'), {})


--- a/test/test_YoutubeDL.py
+++ b/test/test_YoutubeDL.py
@ -4,10 +4,12 @@
 import os
 import sys
 import unittest
+from unittest.mock import patch

 sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))


+import contextlib
 import copy
 import json

@ -129,8 +131,8 @@ class TestFormatSelection(unittest.TestCase):
                'allow_multiple_audio_streams': multi,
            })
            ydl.process_ie_result(info_dict.copy())
-            downloaded = map(lambda x: x['format_id'], ydl.downloaded_info_dicts)
-            self.assertEqual(list(downloaded), list(expected))
+            downloaded = [x['format_id'] for x in ydl.downloaded_info_dicts]
+            self.assertEqual(downloaded, list(expected))

        test('20/47', '47')
        test('20/71/worst', '35')
@ -234,6 +236,35 @@ class TestFormatSelection(unittest.TestCase):
        downloaded = ydl.downloaded_info_dicts[0]
        self.assertEqual(downloaded['format_id'], 'vid-vcodec-dot')

+    def test_format_selection_by_vcodec_sort(self):
+        formats = [
+            {'format_id': 'av1-format', 'ext': 'mp4', 'vcodec': 'av1', 'acodec': 'none', 'url': TEST_URL},
+            {'format_id': 'vp9-hdr-format', 'ext': 'mp4', 'vcodec': 'vp09.02.50.10.01.09.18.09.00', 'acodec': 'none', 'url': TEST_URL},
+            {'format_id': 'vp9-sdr-format', 'ext': 'mp4', 'vcodec': 'vp09.00.50.08', 'acodec': 'none', 'url': TEST_URL},
+            {'format_id': 'h265-format', 'ext': 'mp4', 'vcodec': 'h265', 'acodec': 'none', 'url': TEST_URL},
+        ]
+        info_dict = _make_result(formats)
+
+        ydl = YDL({'format': 'bestvideo', 'format_sort': ['vcodec:vp9.2']})
+        ydl.process_ie_result(info_dict.copy())
+        downloaded = ydl.downloaded_info_dicts[0]
+        self.assertEqual(downloaded['format_id'], 'vp9-hdr-format')
+
+        ydl = YDL({'format': 'bestvideo', 'format_sort': ['vcodec:vp9']})
+        ydl.process_ie_result(info_dict.copy())
+        downloaded = ydl.downloaded_info_dicts[0]
+        self.assertEqual(downloaded['format_id'], 'vp9-sdr-format')
+
+        ydl = YDL({'format': 'bestvideo', 'format_sort': ['+vcodec:vp9.2']})
+        ydl.process_ie_result(info_dict.copy())
+        downloaded = ydl.downloaded_info_dicts[0]
+        self.assertEqual(downloaded['format_id'], 'vp9-hdr-format')
+
+        ydl = YDL({'format': 'bestvideo', 'format_sort': ['+vcodec:vp9']})
+        ydl.process_ie_result(info_dict.copy())
+        downloaded = ydl.downloaded_info_dicts[0]
+        self.assertEqual(downloaded['format_id'], 'vp9-sdr-format')
+
    def test_format_selection_string_ops(self):
        formats = [
            {'format_id': 'abc-cba', 'ext': 'mp4', 'url': TEST_URL},
@ -515,13 +546,37 @@ class TestFormatSelection(unittest.TestCase):
        self.assertEqual(downloaded_ids, ['D', 'C', 'B'])

        ydl = YDL({'format': 'best[height<40]'})
-        try:
+        with contextlib.suppress(ExtractorError):
            ydl.process_ie_result(info_dict)
-        except ExtractorError:
-            pass
        self.assertEqual(ydl.downloaded_info_dicts, [])

-    def test_default_format_spec(self):
+    @patch('yt_dlp.postprocessor.ffmpeg.FFmpegMergerPP.available', False)
+    def test_default_format_spec_without_ffmpeg(self):
+        ydl = YDL({})
+        self.assertEqual(ydl._default_format_spec({}), 'best/bestvideo+bestaudio')
+
+        ydl = YDL({'simulate': True})
+        self.assertEqual(ydl._default_format_spec({}), 'best/bestvideo+bestaudio')
+
+        ydl = YDL({})
+        self.assertEqual(ydl._default_format_spec({'is_live': True}), 'best/bestvideo+bestaudio')
+
+        ydl = YDL({'simulate': True})
+        self.assertEqual(ydl._default_format_spec({'is_live': True}), 'best/bestvideo+bestaudio')
+
+        ydl = YDL({'outtmpl': '-'})
+        self.assertEqual(ydl._default_format_spec({}), 'best/bestvideo+bestaudio')
+
+        ydl = YDL({})
+        self.assertEqual(ydl._default_format_spec({}), 'best/bestvideo+bestaudio')
+        self.assertEqual(ydl._default_format_spec({'is_live': True}), 'best/bestvideo+bestaudio')
+
+    @patch('yt_dlp.postprocessor.ffmpeg.FFmpegMergerPP.available', True)
+    @patch('yt_dlp.postprocessor.ffmpeg.FFmpegMergerPP.can_merge', lambda _: True)
+    def test_default_format_spec_with_ffmpeg(self):
+        ydl = YDL({})
+        self.assertEqual(ydl._default_format_spec({}), 'bestvideo*+bestaudio/best')
+
        ydl = YDL({'simulate': True})
        self.assertEqual(ydl._default_format_spec({}), 'bestvideo*+bestaudio/best')

@ -529,13 +584,13 @@ class TestFormatSelection(unittest.TestCase):
        self.assertEqual(ydl._default_format_spec({'is_live': True}), 'best/bestvideo+bestaudio')

        ydl = YDL({'simulate': True})
-        self.assertEqual(ydl._default_format_spec({'is_live': True}), 'bestvideo*+bestaudio/best')
+        self.assertEqual(ydl._default_format_spec({'is_live': True}), 'best/bestvideo+bestaudio')

        ydl = YDL({'outtmpl': '-'})
        self.assertEqual(ydl._default_format_spec({}), 'best/bestvideo+bestaudio')

        ydl = YDL({})
-        self.assertEqual(ydl._default_format_spec({}, download=False), 'bestvideo*+bestaudio/best')
+        self.assertEqual(ydl._default_format_spec({}), 'bestvideo*+bestaudio/best')
        self.assertEqual(ydl._default_format_spec({'is_live': True}), 'best/bestvideo+bestaudio')


@ -652,8 +707,8 @@ class TestYoutubeDL(unittest.TestCase):
        'formats': [
            {'id': 'id 1', 'height': 1080, 'width': 1920},
            {'id': 'id 2', 'height': 720},
-            {'id': 'id 3'}
-        ]
+            {'id': 'id 3'},
+        ],
    }

    def test_prepare_outtmpl_and_filename(self):
@ -773,7 +828,7 @@ class TestYoutubeDL(unittest.TestCase):
        test('%(formats)j', (json.dumps(FORMATS), None))
        test('%(formats)#j', (
            json.dumps(FORMATS, indent=4),
-            json.dumps(FORMATS, indent=4).replace(':', '：').replace('"', "＂").replace('\n', ' ')
+            json.dumps(FORMATS, indent=4).replace(':', '：').replace('"', '＂').replace('\n', ' '),
        ))
        test('%(title5).3B', 'á')
        test('%(title5)U', 'áéí 𝐀')
@ -843,8 +898,8 @@ class TestYoutubeDL(unittest.TestCase):

        # Empty filename
        test('%(foo|)s-%(bar|)s.%(ext)s', '-.mp4')
-        # test('%(foo|)s.%(ext)s', ('.mp4', '_.mp4'))  # fixme
-        # test('%(foo|)s', ('', '_'))  # fixme
+        # test('%(foo|)s.%(ext)s', ('.mp4', '_.mp4'))  # FIXME: ?
+        # test('%(foo|)s', ('', '_'))  # FIXME: ?

        # Environment variable expansion for prepare_filename
        os.environ['__yt_dlp_var'] = 'expanded'
@ -861,7 +916,7 @@ class TestYoutubeDL(unittest.TestCase):
        test('Hello %(title1)s', 'Hello $PATH')
        test('Hello %(title2)s', 'Hello %PATH%')
        test('%(title3)s', ('foo/bar\\test', 'foo⧸bar⧹test'))
-        test('folder/%(title3)s', ('folder/foo/bar\\test', 'folder%sfoo⧸bar⧹test' % os.path.sep))
+        test('folder/%(title3)s', ('folder/foo/bar\\test', f'folder{os.path.sep}foo⧸bar⧹test'))

    def test_format_note(self):
        ydl = YoutubeDL()
@ -883,22 +938,22 @@ class TestYoutubeDL(unittest.TestCase):
                    f.write('EXAMPLE')
                return [info['filepath']], info

-        def run_pp(params, PP):
+        def run_pp(params, pp):
            with open(filename, 'w') as f:
                f.write('EXAMPLE')
            ydl = YoutubeDL(params)
-            ydl.add_post_processor(PP())
+            ydl.add_post_processor(pp())
            ydl.post_process(filename, {'filepath': filename})

        run_pp({'keepvideo': True}, SimplePP)
-        self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(filename), '%s doesn\'t exist' % filename)
-        self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(audiofile), '%s doesn\'t exist' % audiofile)
+        self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(filename), f'{filename} doesn\'t exist')
+        self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(audiofile), f'{audiofile} doesn\'t exist')
        os.unlink(filename)
        os.unlink(audiofile)

        run_pp({'keepvideo': False}, SimplePP)
-        self.assertFalse(os.path.exists(filename), '%s exists' % filename)
-        self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(audiofile), '%s doesn\'t exist' % audiofile)
+        self.assertFalse(os.path.exists(filename), f'{filename} exists')
+        self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(audiofile), f'{audiofile} doesn\'t exist')
        os.unlink(audiofile)

        class ModifierPP(PostProcessor):
@ -908,7 +963,7 @@ class TestYoutubeDL(unittest.TestCase):
                return [], info

        run_pp({'keepvideo': False}, ModifierPP)
-        self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(filename), '%s doesn\'t exist' % filename)
+        self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(filename), f'{filename} doesn\'t exist')
        os.unlink(filename)

    def test_match_filter(self):
@ -920,7 +975,7 @@ class TestYoutubeDL(unittest.TestCase):
            'duration': 30,
            'filesize': 10 * 1024,
            'playlist_id': '42',
-            'uploader': "變態妍字幕版 太妍 тест",
+            'uploader': '變態妍字幕版 太妍 тест',
            'creator': "тест ' 123 ' тест--",
            'webpage_url': 'http://example.com/watch?v=shenanigans',
        }
@ -933,7 +988,7 @@ class TestYoutubeDL(unittest.TestCase):
            'description': 'foo',
            'filesize': 5 * 1024,
            'playlist_id': '43',
-            'uploader': "тест 123",
+            'uploader': 'тест 123',
            'webpage_url': 'http://example.com/watch?v=SHENANIGANS',
        }
        videos = [first, second]
@ -1180,7 +1235,7 @@ class TestYoutubeDL(unittest.TestCase):
                    })
                return {
                    'id': video_id,
-                    'title': 'Video %s' % video_id,
+                    'title': f'Video {video_id}',
                    'formats': formats,
                }

@ -1194,8 +1249,8 @@ class TestYoutubeDL(unittest.TestCase):
                        '_type': 'url_transparent',
                        'ie_key': VideoIE.ie_key(),
                        'id': video_id,
-                        'url': 'video:%s' % video_id,
-                        'title': 'Video Transparent %s' % video_id,
+                        'url': f'video:{video_id}',
+                        'title': f'Video Transparent {video_id}',
                    }

            def _real_extract(self, url):
--- a/test/test_aes.py
+++ b/test/test_aes.py
@ -83,11 +83,23 @@ class TestAES(unittest.TestCase):
                data, intlist_to_bytes(self.key), authentication_tag, intlist_to_bytes(self.iv[:12]))
            self.assertEqual(decrypted.rstrip(b'\x08'), self.secret_msg)

+    def test_gcm_aligned_decrypt(self):
+        data = b'\x159Y\xcf5eud\x90\x9c\x85&]\x14\x1d\x0f'
+        authentication_tag = b'\x08\xb1\x9d!&\x98\xd0\xeaRq\x90\xe6;\xb5]\xd8'
+
+        decrypted = intlist_to_bytes(aes_gcm_decrypt_and_verify(
+            list(data), self.key, list(authentication_tag), self.iv[:12]))
+        self.assertEqual(decrypted.rstrip(b'\x08'), self.secret_msg[:16])
+        if Cryptodome.AES:
+            decrypted = aes_gcm_decrypt_and_verify_bytes(
+                data, bytes(self.key), authentication_tag, bytes(self.iv[:12]))
+            self.assertEqual(decrypted.rstrip(b'\x08'), self.secret_msg[:16])
+
    def test_decrypt_text(self):
        password = intlist_to_bytes(self.key).decode()
        encrypted = base64.b64encode(
            intlist_to_bytes(self.iv[:8])
-            + b'\x17\x15\x93\xab\x8d\x80V\xcdV\xe0\t\xcdo\xc2\xa5\xd8ksM\r\xe27N\xae'
+            + b'\x17\x15\x93\xab\x8d\x80V\xcdV\xe0\t\xcdo\xc2\xa5\xd8ksM\r\xe27N\xae',
        ).decode()
        decrypted = (aes_decrypt_text(encrypted, password, 16))
        self.assertEqual(decrypted, self.secret_msg)
@ -95,7 +107,7 @@ class TestAES(unittest.TestCase):
        password = intlist_to_bytes(self.key).decode()
        encrypted = base64.b64encode(
            intlist_to_bytes(self.iv[:8])
-            + b'\x0b\xe6\xa4\xd9z\x0e\xb8\xb9\xd0\xd4i_\x85\x1d\x99\x98_\xe5\x80\xe7.\xbf\xa5\x83'
+            + b'\x0b\xe6\xa4\xd9z\x0e\xb8\xb9\xd0\xd4i_\x85\x1d\x99\x98_\xe5\x80\xe7.\xbf\xa5\x83',
        ).decode()
        decrypted = (aes_decrypt_text(encrypted, password, 32))
        self.assertEqual(decrypted, self.secret_msg)
@ -132,16 +144,16 @@ class TestAES(unittest.TestCase):
        block = [0x21, 0xA0, 0x43, 0xFF]

        self.assertEqual(pad_block(block, 'pkcs7'),
-                         block + [0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C])
+                         [*block, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C])

        self.assertEqual(pad_block(block, 'iso7816'),
-                         block + [0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00])
+                         [*block, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00])

        self.assertEqual(pad_block(block, 'whitespace'),
-                         block + [0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20])
+                         [*block, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20])

        self.assertEqual(pad_block(block, 'zero'),
-                         block + [0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00])
+                         [*block, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00])

        block = list(range(16))
        for mode in ('pkcs7', 'iso7816', 'whitespace', 'zero'):
--- a/test/test_compat.py
+++ b/test/test_compat.py
@ -15,8 +15,8 @@ from yt_dlp.compat import urllib  # isort: split
 from yt_dlp.compat import (
    compat_etree_fromstring,
    compat_expanduser,
-    compat_urllib_parse_unquote,
-    compat_urllib_parse_urlencode,
+    compat_urllib_parse_unquote,  # noqa: TID251
+    compat_urllib_parse_urlencode,  # noqa: TID251
 )
 from yt_dlp.compat.urllib.request import getproxies

@ -24,15 +24,15 @@ from yt_dlp.compat.urllib.request import getproxies
 class TestCompat(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_compat_passthrough(self):
        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
-            compat.compat_basestring
+            _ = compat.compat_basestring

        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
-            compat.WINDOWS_VT_MODE
+            _ = compat.WINDOWS_VT_MODE

        self.assertEqual(urllib.request.getproxies, getproxies)

        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
-            compat.compat_pycrypto_AES  # Must not raise error
+            _ = compat.compat_pycrypto_AES  # Must not raise error

    def test_compat_expanduser(self):
        old_home = os.environ.get('HOME')
--- a/test/test_config.py
+++ b/test/test_config.py
@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ def _generate_expected_groups():
            Path('/etc/yt-dlp.conf'),
            Path('/etc/yt-dlp/config'),
            Path('/etc/yt-dlp/config.txt'),
-        ]
+        ],
    }


--- a/test/test_cookies.py
+++ b/test/test_cookies.py
@ -67,6 +67,7 @@ class TestCookies(unittest.TestCase):
            ({'XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP': 'GNOME'}, _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.GNOME),
            ({'XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP': 'GNOME:GNOME-Classic'}, _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.GNOME),
            ({'XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP': 'GNOME : GNOME-Classic'}, _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.GNOME),
+            ({'XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP': 'ubuntu:GNOME'}, _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.GNOME),

            ({'XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP': 'Unity', 'DESKTOP_SESSION': 'gnome-fallback'}, _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.GNOME),
            ({'XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP': 'KDE', 'KDE_SESSION_VERSION': '5'}, _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.KDE5),
@ -104,15 +105,31 @@ class TestCookies(unittest.TestCase):
            decryptor = LinuxChromeCookieDecryptor('Chrome', Logger())
            self.assertEqual(decryptor.decrypt(encrypted_value), value)

+    def test_chrome_cookie_decryptor_linux_v10_meta24(self):
+        with MonkeyPatch(cookies, {'_get_linux_keyring_password': lambda *args, **kwargs: b''}):
+            encrypted_value = b'v10\x1f\xe4\x0e[\x83\x0c\xcc*kPi \xce\x8d\x1d\xbb\x80\r\x11\t\xbb\x9e^Hy\x94\xf4\x963\x9f\x82\xba\xfe\xa1\xed\xb9\xf1)\x00710\x92\xc8/<\x96B'
+            value = 'DE'
+            decryptor = LinuxChromeCookieDecryptor('Chrome', Logger(), meta_version=24)
+            self.assertEqual(decryptor.decrypt(encrypted_value), value)
+
    def test_chrome_cookie_decryptor_windows_v10(self):
        with MonkeyPatch(cookies, {
-            '_get_windows_v10_key': lambda *args, **kwargs: b'Y\xef\xad\xad\xeerp\xf0Y\xe6\x9b\x12\xc2<z\x16]\n\xbb\xb8\xcb\xd7\x9bA\xc3\x14e\x99{\xd6\xf4&'
+            '_get_windows_v10_key': lambda *args, **kwargs: b'Y\xef\xad\xad\xeerp\xf0Y\xe6\x9b\x12\xc2<z\x16]\n\xbb\xb8\xcb\xd7\x9bA\xc3\x14e\x99{\xd6\xf4&',
        }):
            encrypted_value = b'v10T\xb8\xf3\xb8\x01\xa7TtcV\xfc\x88\xb8\xb8\xef\x05\xb5\xfd\x18\xc90\x009\xab\xb1\x893\x85)\x87\xe1\xa9-\xa3\xad='
            value = '32101439'
            decryptor = WindowsChromeCookieDecryptor('', Logger())
            self.assertEqual(decryptor.decrypt(encrypted_value), value)

+    def test_chrome_cookie_decryptor_windows_v10_meta24(self):
+        with MonkeyPatch(cookies, {
+            '_get_windows_v10_key': lambda *args, **kwargs: b'\xea\x8b\x02\xc3\xc6\xc5\x99\xc3\xa3[ j\xfa\xf6\xfcU\xac\x13u\xdc\x0c\x0e\xf1\x03\x90\xb6\xdf\xbb\x8fL\xb1\xb2',
+        }):
+            encrypted_value = b'v10dN\xe1\xacy\x84^\xe1I\xact\x03r\xfb\xe2\xce{^\x0e<(\xb0y\xeb\x01\xfb@"\x9e\x8c\xa53~\xdb*\x8f\xac\x8b\xe3\xfd3\x06\xe5\x93\x19OyOG\xb2\xfb\x1d$\xc0\xda\x13j\x9e\xfe\xc5\xa3\xa8\xfe\xd9'
+            value = '1234'
+            decryptor = WindowsChromeCookieDecryptor('', Logger(), meta_version=24)
+            self.assertEqual(decryptor.decrypt(encrypted_value), value)
+
    def test_chrome_cookie_decryptor_mac_v10(self):
        with MonkeyPatch(cookies, {'_get_mac_keyring_password': lambda *args, **kwargs: b'6eIDUdtKAacvlHwBVwvg/Q=='}):
            encrypted_value = b'v10\xb3\xbe\xad\xa1[\x9fC\xa1\x98\xe0\x9a\x01\xd9\xcf\xbfc'
@ -121,17 +138,17 @@ class TestCookies(unittest.TestCase):
            self.assertEqual(decryptor.decrypt(encrypted_value), value)

    def test_safari_cookie_parsing(self):
-        cookies = \
-            b'cook\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00i\x00\x00\x01\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00\x10\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00Y' \
-            b'\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00 \x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x008\x00\x00\x00B\x00\x00\x00F\x00\x00\x00H' \
-            b'\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x80\x03\xa5>\xc3A\x00\x00\x80\xc3\x07:\xc3A' \
-            b'localhost\x00foo\x00/\x00test%20%3Bcookie\x00\x00\x00\x054\x07\x17 \x05\x00\x00\x00Kbplist00\xd1\x01' \
-            b'\x02_\x10\x18NSHTTPCookieAcceptPolicy\x10\x02\x08\x0b&\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x01\x01\x00\x00\x00' \
-            b'\x00\x00\x00\x00\x03\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00('
+        cookies = (
+            b'cook\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00i\x00\x00\x01\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00\x10\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00Y'
+            b'\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00 \x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x008\x00\x00\x00B\x00\x00\x00F\x00\x00\x00H'
+            b'\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x80\x03\xa5>\xc3A\x00\x00\x80\xc3\x07:\xc3A'
+            b'localhost\x00foo\x00/\x00test%20%3Bcookie\x00\x00\x00\x054\x07\x17 \x05\x00\x00\x00Kbplist00\xd1\x01'
+            b'\x02_\x10\x18NSHTTPCookieAcceptPolicy\x10\x02\x08\x0b&\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x01\x01\x00\x00\x00'
+            b'\x00\x00\x00\x00\x03\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00(')

        jar = parse_safari_cookies(cookies)
        self.assertEqual(len(jar), 1)
-        cookie = list(jar)[0]
+        cookie = next(iter(jar))
        self.assertEqual(cookie.domain, 'localhost')
        self.assertEqual(cookie.port, None)
        self.assertEqual(cookie.path, '/')
@ -164,7 +181,7 @@ class TestLenientSimpleCookie(unittest.TestCase):
                    attributes = {
                        key: value
                        for key, value in dict(morsel).items()
-                        if value != ""
+                        if value != ''
                    }
                    self.assertEqual(attributes, expected_attributes, message)

@ -174,133 +191,133 @@ class TestLenientSimpleCookie(unittest.TestCase):
        self._run_tests(
            # Copied from https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/v3.10.7/Lib/test/test_http_cookies.py
            (
-                "Test basic cookie",
-                "chips=ahoy; vienna=finger",
-                {"chips": "ahoy", "vienna": "finger"},
+                'Test basic cookie',
+                'chips=ahoy; vienna=finger',
+                {'chips': 'ahoy', 'vienna': 'finger'},
            ),
            (
-                "Test quoted cookie",
+                'Test quoted cookie',
                'keebler="E=mc2; L=\\"Loves\\"; fudge=\\012;"',
-                {"keebler": 'E=mc2; L="Loves"; fudge=\012;'},
+                {'keebler': 'E=mc2; L="Loves"; fudge=\012;'},
            ),
            (
                "Allow '=' in an unquoted value",
-                "keebler=E=mc2",
-                {"keebler": "E=mc2"},
+                'keebler=E=mc2',
+                {'keebler': 'E=mc2'},
            ),
            (
                "Allow cookies with ':' in their name",
-                "key:term=value:term",
-                {"key:term": "value:term"},
+                'key:term=value:term',
+                {'key:term': 'value:term'},
            ),
            (
                "Allow '[' and ']' in cookie values",
-                "a=b; c=[; d=r; f=h",
-                {"a": "b", "c": "[", "d": "r", "f": "h"},
+                'a=b; c=[; d=r; f=h',
+                {'a': 'b', 'c': '[', 'd': 'r', 'f': 'h'},
            ),
            (
-                "Test basic cookie attributes",
+                'Test basic cookie attributes',
                'Customer="WILE_E_COYOTE"; Version=1; Path=/acme',
-                {"Customer": ("WILE_E_COYOTE", {"version": "1", "path": "/acme"})},
+                {'Customer': ('WILE_E_COYOTE', {'version': '1', 'path': '/acme'})},
            ),
            (
-                "Test flag only cookie attributes",
+                'Test flag only cookie attributes',
                'Customer="WILE_E_COYOTE"; HttpOnly; Secure',
-                {"Customer": ("WILE_E_COYOTE", {"httponly": True, "secure": True})},
+                {'Customer': ('WILE_E_COYOTE', {'httponly': True, 'secure': True})},
            ),
            (
-                "Test flag only attribute with values",
-                "eggs=scrambled; httponly=foo; secure=bar; Path=/bacon",
-                {"eggs": ("scrambled", {"httponly": "foo", "secure": "bar", "path": "/bacon"})},
+                'Test flag only attribute with values',
+                'eggs=scrambled; httponly=foo; secure=bar; Path=/bacon',
+                {'eggs': ('scrambled', {'httponly': 'foo', 'secure': 'bar', 'path': '/bacon'})},
            ),
            (
                "Test special case for 'expires' attribute, 4 digit year",
                'Customer="W"; expires=Wed, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT',
-                {"Customer": ("W", {"expires": "Wed, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT"})},
+                {'Customer': ('W', {'expires': 'Wed, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT'})},
            ),
            (
                "Test special case for 'expires' attribute, 2 digit year",
                'Customer="W"; expires=Wed, 01 Jan 98 00:00:00 GMT',
-                {"Customer": ("W", {"expires": "Wed, 01 Jan 98 00:00:00 GMT"})},
+                {'Customer': ('W', {'expires': 'Wed, 01 Jan 98 00:00:00 GMT'})},
            ),
            (
-                "Test extra spaces in keys and values",
-                "eggs  =  scrambled  ;  secure  ;  path  =  bar   ; foo=foo   ",
-                {"eggs": ("scrambled", {"secure": True, "path": "bar"}), "foo": "foo"},
+                'Test extra spaces in keys and values',
+                'eggs  =  scrambled  ;  secure  ;  path  =  bar   ; foo=foo   ',
+                {'eggs': ('scrambled', {'secure': True, 'path': 'bar'}), 'foo': 'foo'},
            ),
            (
-                "Test quoted attributes",
+                'Test quoted attributes',
                'Customer="WILE_E_COYOTE"; Version="1"; Path="/acme"',
-                {"Customer": ("WILE_E_COYOTE", {"version": "1", "path": "/acme"})}
+                {'Customer': ('WILE_E_COYOTE', {'version': '1', 'path': '/acme'})},
            ),
            # Our own tests that CPython passes
            (
                "Allow ';' in quoted value",
                'chips="a;hoy"; vienna=finger',
-                {"chips": "a;hoy", "vienna": "finger"},
+                {'chips': 'a;hoy', 'vienna': 'finger'},
            ),
            (
-                "Keep only the last set value",
-                "a=c; a=b",
-                {"a": "b"},
+                'Keep only the last set value',
+                'a=c; a=b',
+                {'a': 'b'},
            ),
        )

    def test_lenient_parsing(self):
        self._run_tests(
            (
-                "Ignore and try to skip invalid cookies",
+                'Ignore and try to skip invalid cookies',
                'chips={"ahoy;": 1}; vienna="finger;"',
-                {"vienna": "finger;"},
+                {'vienna': 'finger;'},
            ),
            (
-                "Ignore cookies without a name",
-                "a=b; unnamed; c=d",
-                {"a": "b", "c": "d"},
+                'Ignore cookies without a name',
+                'a=b; unnamed; c=d',
+                {'a': 'b', 'c': 'd'},
            ),
            (
                "Ignore '\"' cookie without name",
                'a=b; "; c=d',
-                {"a": "b", "c": "d"},
+                {'a': 'b', 'c': 'd'},
            ),
            (
-                "Skip all space separated values",
-                "x a=b c=d x; e=f",
-                {"a": "b", "c": "d", "e": "f"},
+                'Skip all space separated values',
+                'x a=b c=d x; e=f',
+                {'a': 'b', 'c': 'd', 'e': 'f'},
            ),
            (
-                "Skip all space separated values",
+                'Skip all space separated values',
                'x a=b; data={"complex": "json", "with": "key=value"}; x c=d x',
-                {"a": "b", "c": "d"},
+                {'a': 'b', 'c': 'd'},
            ),
            (
-                "Expect quote mending",
+                'Expect quote mending',
                'a=b; invalid="; c=d',
-                {"a": "b", "c": "d"},
+                {'a': 'b', 'c': 'd'},
            ),
            (
-                "Reset morsel after invalid to not capture attributes",
-                "a=b; invalid; Version=1; c=d",
-                {"a": "b", "c": "d"},
+                'Reset morsel after invalid to not capture attributes',
+                'a=b; invalid; Version=1; c=d',
+                {'a': 'b', 'c': 'd'},
            ),
            (
-                "Reset morsel after invalid to not capture attributes",
-                "a=b; $invalid; $Version=1; c=d",
-                {"a": "b", "c": "d"},
+                'Reset morsel after invalid to not capture attributes',
+                'a=b; $invalid; $Version=1; c=d',
+                {'a': 'b', 'c': 'd'},
            ),
            (
-                "Continue after non-flag attribute without value",
-                "a=b; path; Version=1; c=d",
-                {"a": "b", "c": "d"},
+                'Continue after non-flag attribute without value',
+                'a=b; path; Version=1; c=d',
+                {'a': 'b', 'c': 'd'},
            ),
            (
-                "Allow cookie attributes with `$` prefix",
+                'Allow cookie attributes with `$` prefix',
                'Customer="WILE_E_COYOTE"; $Version=1; $Secure; $Path=/acme',
-                {"Customer": ("WILE_E_COYOTE", {"version": "1", "secure": True, "path": "/acme"})},
+                {'Customer': ('WILE_E_COYOTE', {'version': '1', 'secure': True, 'path': '/acme'})},
            ),
            (
-                "Invalid Morsel keys should not result in an error",
-                "Key=Value; [Invalid]=Value; Another=Value",
-                {"Key": "Value", "Another": "Value"},
+                'Invalid Morsel keys should not result in an error',
+                'Key=Value; [Invalid]=Value; Another=Value',
+                {'Key': 'Value', 'Another': 'Value'},
            ),
        )
--- a/test/test_download.py
+++ b/test/test_download.py
@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ from test.helper import (
    gettestcases,
    getwebpagetestcases,
    is_download_test,
-    report_warning,
    try_rm,
 )

@ -94,7 +93,7 @@ def generator(test_case, tname):
            'playlist', [] if is_playlist else [test_case])

        def print_skipping(reason):
-            print('Skipping %s: %s' % (test_case['name'], reason))
+            print('Skipping {}: {}'.format(test_case['name'], reason))
            self.skipTest(reason)

        if not ie.working():
@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ def generator(test_case, tname):

        for other_ie in other_ies:
            if not other_ie.working():
-                print_skipping('test depends on %sIE, marked as not WORKING' % other_ie.ie_key())
+                print_skipping(f'test depends on {other_ie.ie_key()}IE, marked as not WORKING')

        params = get_params(test_case.get('params', {}))
        params['outtmpl'] = tname + '_' + params['outtmpl']
@ -148,10 +147,7 @@ def generator(test_case, tname):
                return False
            if err.__class__.__name__ == expected_exception:
                return True
-            for exc in err.exc_info:
-                if exc.__class__.__name__ == expected_exception:
-                    return True
-            return False
+            return any(exc.__class__.__name__ == expected_exception for exc in err.exc_info)

        def try_rm_tcs_files(tcs=None):
            if tcs is None:
@ -181,8 +177,7 @@ def generator(test_case, tname):
                        raise

                    if try_num == RETRIES:
-                        report_warning('%s failed due to network errors, skipping...' % tname)
-                        return
+                        raise

                    print(f'Retrying: {try_num} failed tries\n\n##########\n\n')

@ -244,9 +239,8 @@ def generator(test_case, tname):
                        got_fsize = os.path.getsize(tc_filename)
                        assertGreaterEqual(
                            self, got_fsize, expected_minsize,
-                            'Expected %s to be at least %s, but it\'s only %s ' %
-                            (tc_filename, format_bytes(expected_minsize),
-                                format_bytes(got_fsize)))
+                            f'Expected {tc_filename} to be at least {format_bytes(expected_minsize)}, '
+                            f'but it\'s only {format_bytes(got_fsize)} ')
                    if 'md5' in tc:
                        md5_for_file = _file_md5(tc_filename)
                        self.assertEqual(tc['md5'], md5_for_file)
@ -255,7 +249,7 @@ def generator(test_case, tname):
                info_json_fn = os.path.splitext(tc_filename)[0] + '.info.json'
                self.assertTrue(
                    os.path.exists(info_json_fn),
-                    'Missing info file %s' % info_json_fn)
+                    f'Missing info file {info_json_fn}')
                with open(info_json_fn, encoding='utf-8') as infof:
                    info_dict = json.load(infof)
                expect_info_dict(self, info_dict, tc.get('info_dict', {}))
--- a/test/test_downloader_http.py
+++ b/test/test_downloader_http.py
@ -38,9 +38,9 @@ class HTTPTestRequestHandler(http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
                end = int(mobj.group(2))
        valid_range = start is not None and end is not None
        if valid_range:
-            content_range = 'bytes %d-%d' % (start, end)
+            content_range = f'bytes {start}-{end}'
            if total:
-                content_range += '/%d' % total
+                content_range += f'/{total}'
            self.send_header('Content-Range', content_range)
        return (end - start + 1) if valid_range else total

@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ class TestHttpFD(unittest.TestCase):
        filename = 'testfile.mp4'
        try_rm(encodeFilename(filename))
        self.assertTrue(downloader.real_download(filename, {
-            'url': 'http://127.0.0.1:%d/%s' % (self.port, ep),
+            'url': f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.port}/{ep}',
        }), ep)
        self.assertEqual(os.path.getsize(encodeFilename(filename)), TEST_SIZE, ep)
        try_rm(encodeFilename(filename))
--- a/test/test_http_proxy.py
+++ b/test/test_http_proxy.py
@ -0,0 +1,380 @@
+import abc
+import base64
+import contextlib
+import functools
+import json
+import os
+import random
+import ssl
+import threading
+from http.server import BaseHTTPRequestHandler
+from socketserver import ThreadingTCPServer
+
+import pytest
+
+from test.helper import http_server_port, verify_address_availability
+from test.test_networking import TEST_DIR
+from test.test_socks import IPv6ThreadingTCPServer
+from yt_dlp.dependencies import urllib3
+from yt_dlp.networking import Request
+from yt_dlp.networking.exceptions import HTTPError, ProxyError, SSLError
+
+
+class HTTPProxyAuthMixin:
+
+    def proxy_auth_error(self):
+        self.send_response(407)
+        self.send_header('Proxy-Authenticate', 'Basic realm="test http proxy"')
+        self.end_headers()
+        return False
+
+    def do_proxy_auth(self, username, password):
+        if username is None and password is None:
+            return True
+
+        proxy_auth_header = self.headers.get('Proxy-Authorization', None)
+        if proxy_auth_header is None:
+            return self.proxy_auth_error()
+
+        if not proxy_auth_header.startswith('Basic '):
+            return self.proxy_auth_error()
+
+        auth = proxy_auth_header[6:]
+
+        try:
+            auth_username, auth_password = base64.b64decode(auth).decode().split(':', 1)
+        except Exception:
+            return self.proxy_auth_error()
+
+        if auth_username != (username or '') or auth_password != (password or ''):
+            return self.proxy_auth_error()
+        return True
+
+
+class HTTPProxyHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler, HTTPProxyAuthMixin):
+    def __init__(self, *args, proxy_info=None, username=None, password=None, request_handler=None, **kwargs):
+        self.username = username
+        self.password = password
+        self.proxy_info = proxy_info
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def do_GET(self):
+        if not self.do_proxy_auth(self.username, self.password):
+            self.server.close_request(self.request)
+            return
+        if self.path.endswith('/proxy_info'):
+            payload = json.dumps(self.proxy_info or {
+                'client_address': self.client_address,
+                'connect': False,
+                'connect_host': None,
+                'connect_port': None,
+                'headers': dict(self.headers),
+                'path': self.path,
+                'proxy': ':'.join(str(y) for y in self.connection.getsockname()),
+            })
+            self.send_response(200)
+            self.send_header('Content-Type', 'application/json; charset=utf-8')
+            self.send_header('Content-Length', str(len(payload)))
+            self.end_headers()
+            self.wfile.write(payload.encode())
+        else:
+            self.send_response(404)
+            self.end_headers()
+
+        self.server.close_request(self.request)
+
+
+if urllib3:
+    import urllib3.util.ssltransport
+
+    class SSLTransport(urllib3.util.ssltransport.SSLTransport):
+        """
+        Modified version of urllib3 SSLTransport to support server side SSL
+
+        This allows us to chain multiple TLS connections.
+        """
+
+        def __init__(self, socket, ssl_context, server_hostname=None, suppress_ragged_eofs=True, server_side=False):
+            self.incoming = ssl.MemoryBIO()
+            self.outgoing = ssl.MemoryBIO()
+
+            self.suppress_ragged_eofs = suppress_ragged_eofs
+            self.socket = socket
+
+            self.sslobj = ssl_context.wrap_bio(
+                self.incoming,
+                self.outgoing,
+                server_hostname=server_hostname,
+                server_side=server_side,
+            )
+            self._ssl_io_loop(self.sslobj.do_handshake)
+
+        @property
+        def _io_refs(self):
+            return self.socket._io_refs
+
+        @_io_refs.setter
+        def _io_refs(self, value):
+            self.socket._io_refs = value
+
+        def shutdown(self, *args, **kwargs):
+            self.socket.shutdown(*args, **kwargs)
+else:
+    SSLTransport = None
+
+
+class HTTPSProxyHandler(HTTPProxyHandler):
+    def __init__(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
+        certfn = os.path.join(TEST_DIR, 'testcert.pem')
+        sslctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER)
+        sslctx.load_cert_chain(certfn, None)
+        if isinstance(request, ssl.SSLSocket):
+            request = SSLTransport(request, ssl_context=sslctx, server_side=True)
+        else:
+            request = sslctx.wrap_socket(request, server_side=True)
+        super().__init__(request, *args, **kwargs)
+
+
+class HTTPConnectProxyHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler, HTTPProxyAuthMixin):
+    protocol_version = 'HTTP/1.1'
+    default_request_version = 'HTTP/1.1'
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, username=None, password=None, request_handler=None, **kwargs):
+        self.username = username
+        self.password = password
+        self.request_handler = request_handler
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def do_CONNECT(self):
+        if not self.do_proxy_auth(self.username, self.password):
+            self.server.close_request(self.request)
+            return
+        self.send_response(200)
+        self.end_headers()
+        proxy_info = {
+            'client_address': self.client_address,
+            'connect': True,
+            'connect_host': self.path.split(':')[0],
+            'connect_port': int(self.path.split(':')[1]),
+            'headers': dict(self.headers),
+            'path': self.path,
+            'proxy': ':'.join(str(y) for y in self.connection.getsockname()),
+        }
+        self.request_handler(self.request, self.client_address, self.server, proxy_info=proxy_info)
+        self.server.close_request(self.request)
+
+
+class HTTPSConnectProxyHandler(HTTPConnectProxyHandler):
+    def __init__(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
+        certfn = os.path.join(TEST_DIR, 'testcert.pem')
+        sslctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER)
+        sslctx.load_cert_chain(certfn, None)
+        request = sslctx.wrap_socket(request, server_side=True)
+        self._original_request = request
+        super().__init__(request, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    def do_CONNECT(self):
+        super().do_CONNECT()
+        self.server.close_request(self._original_request)
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def proxy_server(proxy_server_class, request_handler, bind_ip=None, **proxy_server_kwargs):
+    server = server_thread = None
+    try:
+        bind_address = bind_ip or '127.0.0.1'
+        server_type = ThreadingTCPServer if '.' in bind_address else IPv6ThreadingTCPServer
+        server = server_type(
+            (bind_address, 0), functools.partial(proxy_server_class, request_handler=request_handler, **proxy_server_kwargs))
+        server_port = http_server_port(server)
+        server_thread = threading.Thread(target=server.serve_forever)
+        server_thread.daemon = True
+        server_thread.start()
+        if '.' not in bind_address:
+            yield f'[{bind_address}]:{server_port}'
+        else:
+            yield f'{bind_address}:{server_port}'
+    finally:
+        server.shutdown()
+        server.server_close()
+        server_thread.join(2.0)
+
+
+class HTTPProxyTestContext(abc.ABC):
+    REQUEST_HANDLER_CLASS = None
+    REQUEST_PROTO = None
+
+    def http_server(self, server_class, *args, **kwargs):
+        return proxy_server(server_class, self.REQUEST_HANDLER_CLASS, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def proxy_info_request(self, handler, target_domain=None, target_port=None, **req_kwargs) -> dict:
+        """return a dict of proxy_info"""
+
+
+class HTTPProxyHTTPTestContext(HTTPProxyTestContext):
+    # Standard HTTP Proxy for http requests
+    REQUEST_HANDLER_CLASS = HTTPProxyHandler
+    REQUEST_PROTO = 'http'
+
+    def proxy_info_request(self, handler, target_domain=None, target_port=None, **req_kwargs):
+        request = Request(f'http://{target_domain or "127.0.0.1"}:{target_port or "40000"}/proxy_info', **req_kwargs)
+        handler.validate(request)
+        return json.loads(handler.send(request).read().decode())
+
+
+class HTTPProxyHTTPSTestContext(HTTPProxyTestContext):
+    # HTTP Connect proxy, for https requests
+    REQUEST_HANDLER_CLASS = HTTPSProxyHandler
+    REQUEST_PROTO = 'https'
+
+    def proxy_info_request(self, handler, target_domain=None, target_port=None, **req_kwargs):
+        request = Request(f'https://{target_domain or "127.0.0.1"}:{target_port or "40000"}/proxy_info', **req_kwargs)
+        handler.validate(request)
+        return json.loads(handler.send(request).read().decode())
+
+
+CTX_MAP = {
+    'http': HTTPProxyHTTPTestContext,
+    'https': HTTPProxyHTTPSTestContext,
+}
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope='module')
+def ctx(request):
+    return CTX_MAP[request.param]()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    'handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests', 'CurlCFFI'], indirect=True)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('ctx', ['http'], indirect=True)  # pure http proxy can only support http
+class TestHTTPProxy:
+    def test_http_no_auth(self, handler, ctx):
+        with ctx.http_server(HTTPProxyHandler) as server_address:
+            with handler(proxies={ctx.REQUEST_PROTO: f'http://{server_address}'}) as rh:
+                proxy_info = ctx.proxy_info_request(rh)
+                assert proxy_info['proxy'] == server_address
+                assert proxy_info['connect'] is False
+                assert 'Proxy-Authorization' not in proxy_info['headers']
+
+    def test_http_auth(self, handler, ctx):
+        with ctx.http_server(HTTPProxyHandler, username='test', password='test') as server_address:
+            with handler(proxies={ctx.REQUEST_PROTO: f'http://test:test@{server_address}'}) as rh:
+                proxy_info = ctx.proxy_info_request(rh)
+                assert proxy_info['proxy'] == server_address
+                assert 'Proxy-Authorization' in proxy_info['headers']
+
+    def test_http_bad_auth(self, handler, ctx):
+        with ctx.http_server(HTTPProxyHandler, username='test', password='test') as server_address:
+            with handler(proxies={ctx.REQUEST_PROTO: f'http://test:bad@{server_address}'}) as rh:
+                with pytest.raises(HTTPError) as exc_info:
+                    ctx.proxy_info_request(rh)
+                assert exc_info.value.response.status == 407
+                exc_info.value.response.close()
+
+    def test_http_source_address(self, handler, ctx):
+        with ctx.http_server(HTTPProxyHandler) as server_address:
+            source_address = f'127.0.0.{random.randint(5, 255)}'
+            verify_address_availability(source_address)
+            with handler(proxies={ctx.REQUEST_PROTO: f'http://{server_address}'},
+                         source_address=source_address) as rh:
+                proxy_info = ctx.proxy_info_request(rh)
+                assert proxy_info['proxy'] == server_address
+                assert proxy_info['client_address'][0] == source_address
+
+    @pytest.mark.skip_handler('Urllib', 'urllib does not support https proxies')
+    def test_https(self, handler, ctx):
+        with ctx.http_server(HTTPSProxyHandler) as server_address:
+            with handler(verify=False, proxies={ctx.REQUEST_PROTO: f'https://{server_address}'}) as rh:
+                proxy_info = ctx.proxy_info_request(rh)
+                assert proxy_info['proxy'] == server_address
+                assert proxy_info['connect'] is False
+                assert 'Proxy-Authorization' not in proxy_info['headers']
+
+    @pytest.mark.skip_handler('Urllib', 'urllib does not support https proxies')
+    def test_https_verify_failed(self, handler, ctx):
+        with ctx.http_server(HTTPSProxyHandler) as server_address:
+            with handler(verify=True, proxies={ctx.REQUEST_PROTO: f'https://{server_address}'}) as rh:
+                # Accept SSLError as may not be feasible to tell if it is proxy or request error.
+                # note: if request proto also does ssl verification, this may also be the error of the request.
+                # Until we can support passing custom cacerts to handlers, we cannot properly test this for all cases.
+                with pytest.raises((ProxyError, SSLError)):
+                    ctx.proxy_info_request(rh)
+
+    def test_http_with_idn(self, handler, ctx):
+        with ctx.http_server(HTTPProxyHandler) as server_address:
+            with handler(proxies={ctx.REQUEST_PROTO: f'http://{server_address}'}) as rh:
+                proxy_info = ctx.proxy_info_request(rh, target_domain='中文.tw')
+                assert proxy_info['proxy'] == server_address
+                assert proxy_info['path'].startswith('http://xn--fiq228c.tw')
+                assert proxy_info['headers']['Host'].split(':', 1)[0] == 'xn--fiq228c.tw'
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    'handler,ctx', [
+        ('Requests', 'https'),
+        ('CurlCFFI', 'https'),
+    ], indirect=True)
+class TestHTTPConnectProxy:
+    def test_http_connect_no_auth(self, handler, ctx):
+        with ctx.http_server(HTTPConnectProxyHandler) as server_address:
+            with handler(verify=False, proxies={ctx.REQUEST_PROTO: f'http://{server_address}'}) as rh:
+                proxy_info = ctx.proxy_info_request(rh)
+                assert proxy_info['proxy'] == server_address
+                assert proxy_info['connect'] is True
+                assert 'Proxy-Authorization' not in proxy_info['headers']
+
+    def test_http_connect_auth(self, handler, ctx):
+        with ctx.http_server(HTTPConnectProxyHandler, username='test', password='test') as server_address:
+            with handler(verify=False, proxies={ctx.REQUEST_PROTO: f'http://test:test@{server_address}'}) as rh:
+                proxy_info = ctx.proxy_info_request(rh)
+                assert proxy_info['proxy'] == server_address
+                assert 'Proxy-Authorization' in proxy_info['headers']
+
+    @pytest.mark.skip_handler(
+        'Requests',
+        'bug in urllib3 causes unclosed socket: https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3374',
+    )
+    def test_http_connect_bad_auth(self, handler, ctx):
+        with ctx.http_server(HTTPConnectProxyHandler, username='test', password='test') as server_address:
+            with handler(verify=False, proxies={ctx.REQUEST_PROTO: f'http://test:bad@{server_address}'}) as rh:
+                with pytest.raises(ProxyError):
+                    ctx.proxy_info_request(rh)
+
+    def test_http_connect_source_address(self, handler, ctx):
+        with ctx.http_server(HTTPConnectProxyHandler) as server_address:
+            source_address = f'127.0.0.{random.randint(5, 255)}'
+            verify_address_availability(source_address)
+            with handler(proxies={ctx.REQUEST_PROTO: f'http://{server_address}'},
+                         source_address=source_address,
+                         verify=False) as rh:
+                proxy_info = ctx.proxy_info_request(rh)
+                assert proxy_info['proxy'] == server_address
+                assert proxy_info['client_address'][0] == source_address
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(urllib3 is None, reason='requires urllib3 to test')
+    def test_https_connect_proxy(self, handler, ctx):
+        with ctx.http_server(HTTPSConnectProxyHandler) as server_address:
+            with handler(verify=False, proxies={ctx.REQUEST_PROTO: f'https://{server_address}'}) as rh:
+                proxy_info = ctx.proxy_info_request(rh)
+                assert proxy_info['proxy'] == server_address
+                assert proxy_info['connect'] is True
+                assert 'Proxy-Authorization' not in proxy_info['headers']
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(urllib3 is None, reason='requires urllib3 to test')
+    def test_https_connect_verify_failed(self, handler, ctx):
+        with ctx.http_server(HTTPSConnectProxyHandler) as server_address:
+            with handler(verify=True, proxies={ctx.REQUEST_PROTO: f'https://{server_address}'}) as rh:
+                # Accept SSLError as may not be feasible to tell if it is proxy or request error.
+                # note: if request proto also does ssl verification, this may also be the error of the request.
+                # Until we can support passing custom cacerts to handlers, we cannot properly test this for all cases.
+                with pytest.raises((ProxyError, SSLError)):
+                    ctx.proxy_info_request(rh)
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(urllib3 is None, reason='requires urllib3 to test')
+    def test_https_connect_proxy_auth(self, handler, ctx):
+        with ctx.http_server(HTTPSConnectProxyHandler, username='test', password='test') as server_address:
+            with handler(verify=False, proxies={ctx.REQUEST_PROTO: f'https://test:test@{server_address}'}) as rh:
+                proxy_info = ctx.proxy_info_request(rh)
+                assert proxy_info['proxy'] == server_address
+                assert 'Proxy-Authorization' in proxy_info['headers']
--- a/test/test_iqiyi_sdk_interpreter.py
+++ b/test/test_iqiyi_sdk_interpreter.py
@ -29,11 +29,11 @@ class WarningLogger:
@is_download_test
 class TestIqiyiSDKInterpreter(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_iqiyi_sdk_interpreter(self):
-        '''
+        """
        Test the functionality of IqiyiSDKInterpreter by trying to log in

        If `sign` is incorrect, /validate call throws an HTTP 556 error
-        '''
+        """
        logger = WarningLogger()
        ie = IqiyiIE(FakeYDL({'logger': logger}))
        ie._perform_login('foo', 'bar')
--- a/test/test_jsinterp.py
+++ b/test/test_jsinterp.py
@ -92,6 +92,7 @@ class TestJSInterpreter(unittest.TestCase):
        self._test('function f(){return 0 && 1 || 2;}', 2)
        self._test('function f(){return 0 ?? 42;}', 0)
        self._test('function f(){return "life, the universe and everything" < 42;}', False)
+        self._test('function f(){return 0  - 7 * - 6;}', 42)

    def test_array_access(self):
        self._test('function f(){var x = [1,2,3]; x[0] = 4; x[0] = 5; x[2.0] = 7; return x;}', [5, 2, 7])
@ -375,6 +376,61 @@ class TestJSInterpreter(unittest.TestCase):
        jsi = JSInterpreter('''function f(p,a,c,k,e,d){while(c--)if(k[c])p=p.replace(new RegExp('\\b'+c.toString(a)+'\\b','g'),k[c]);return p}''')
        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('f', '''h 7=g("1j");7.7h({7g:[{33:"w://7f-7e-7d-7c.v.7b/7a/79/78/77/76.74?t=73&s=2s&e=72&f=2t&71=70.0.0.1&6z=6y&6x=6w"}],6v:"w://32.v.u/6u.31",16:"r%",15:"r%",6t:"6s",6r:"",6q:"l",6p:"l",6o:"6n",6m:\'6l\',6k:"6j",9:[{33:"/2u?b=6i&n=50&6h=w://32.v.u/6g.31",6f:"6e"}],1y:{6d:1,6c:\'#6b\',6a:\'#69\',68:"67",66:30,65:r,},"64":{63:"%62 2m%m%61%5z%5y%5x.u%5w%5v%5u.2y%22 2k%m%1o%22 5t%m%1o%22 5s%m%1o%22 2j%m%5r%22 16%m%5q%22 15%m%5p%22 5o%2z%5n%5m%2z",5l:"w://v.u/d/1k/5k.2y",5j:[]},\'5i\':{"5h":"5g"},5f:"5e",5d:"w://v.u",5c:{},5b:l,1x:[0.25,0.50,0.75,1,1.25,1.5,2]});h 1m,1n,5a;h 59=0,58=0;h 7=g("1j");h 2x=0,57=0,56=0;$.55({54:{\'53-52\':\'2i-51\'}});7.j(\'4z\',6(x){c(5>0&&x.1l>=5&&1n!=1){1n=1;$(\'q.4y\').4x(\'4w\')}});7.j(\'13\',6(x){2x=x.1l});7.j(\'2g\',6(x){2w(x)});7.j(\'4v\',6(){$(\'q.2v\').4u()});6 2w(x){$(\'q.2v\').4t();c(1m)19;1m=1;17=0;c(4s.4r===l){17=1}$.4q(\'/2u?b=4p&2l=1k&4o=2t-4n-4m-2s-4l&4k=&4j=&4i=&17=\'+17,6(2r){$(\'#4h\').4g(2r)});$(\'.3-8-4f-4e:4d("4c")\').2h(6(e){2q();g().4b(0);g().4a(l)});6 2q(){h $14=$("<q />").2p({1l:"49",16:"r%",15:"r%",48:0,2n:0,2o:47,46:"45(10%, 10%, 10%, 0.4)","44-43":"42"});$("<41 />").2p({16:"60%",15:"60%",2o:40,"3z-2n":"3y"}).3x({\'2m\':\'/?b=3w&2l=1k\',\'2k\':\'0\',\'2j\':\'2i\'}).2f($14);$14.2h(6(){$(3v).3u();g().2g()});$14.2f($(\'#1j\'))}g().13(0);}6 3t(){h 9=7.1b(2e);2d.2c(9);c(9.n>1){1r(i=0;i<9.n;i++){c(9[i].1a==2e){2d.2c(\'!!=\'+i);7.1p(i)}}}}7.j(\'3s\',6(){g().1h("/2a/3r.29","3q 10 28",6(){g().13(g().27()+10)},"2b");$("q[26=2b]").23().21(\'.3-20-1z\');g().1h("/2a/3p.29","3o 10 28",6(){h 12=g().27()-10;c(12<0)12=0;g().13(12)},"24");$("q[26=24]").23().21(\'.3-20-1z\');});6 1i(){}7.j(\'3n\',6(){1i()});7.j(\'3m\',6(){1i()});7.j("k",6(y){h 9=7.1b();c(9.n<2)19;$(\'.3-8-3l-3k\').3j(6(){$(\'#3-8-a-k\').1e(\'3-8-a-z\');$(\'.3-a-k\').p(\'o-1f\',\'11\')});7.1h("/3i/3h.3g","3f 3e",6(){$(\'.3-1w\').3d(\'3-8-1v\');$(\'.3-8-1y, .3-8-1x\').p(\'o-1g\',\'11\');c($(\'.3-1w\').3c(\'3-8-1v\')){$(\'.3-a-k\').p(\'o-1g\',\'l\');$(\'.3-a-k\').p(\'o-1f\',\'l\');$(\'.3-8-a\').1e(\'3-8-a-z\');$(\'.3-8-a:1u\').3b(\'3-8-a-z\')}3a{$(\'.3-a-k\').p(\'o-1g\',\'11\');$(\'.3-a-k\').p(\'o-1f\',\'11\');$(\'.3-8-a:1u\').1e(\'3-8-a-z\')}},"39");7.j("38",6(y){1d.37(\'1c\',y.9[y.36].1a)});c(1d.1t(\'1c\')){35("1s(1d.1t(\'1c\'));",34)}});h 18;6 1s(1q){h 9=7.1b();c(9.n>1){1r(i=0;i<9.n;i++){c(9[i].1a==1q){c(i==18){19}18=i;7.1p(i)}}}}',36,270,'|||jw|||function|player|settings|tracks|submenu||if||||jwplayer|var||on|audioTracks|true|3D|length|aria|attr|div|100|||sx|filemoon|https||event|active||false|tt|seek|dd|height|width|adb|current_audio|return|name|getAudioTracks|default_audio|localStorage|removeClass|expanded|checked|addButton|callMeMaybe|vplayer|0fxcyc2ajhp1|position|vvplay|vvad|220|setCurrentAudioTrack|audio_name|for|audio_set|getItem|last|open|controls|playbackRates|captions|rewind|icon|insertAfter||detach|ff00||button|getPosition|sec|png|player8|ff11|log|console|track_name|appendTo|play|click|no|scrolling|frameborder|file_code|src|top|zIndex|css|showCCform|data|1662367683|383371|dl|video_ad|doPlay|prevt|mp4|3E||jpg|thumbs|file|300|setTimeout|currentTrack|setItem|audioTrackChanged|dualSound|else|addClass|hasClass|toggleClass|Track|Audio|svg|dualy|images|mousedown|buttons|topbar|playAttemptFailed|beforePlay|Rewind|fr|Forward|ff|ready|set_audio_track|remove|this|upload_srt|prop|50px|margin|1000001|iframe|center|align|text|rgba|background|1000000|left|absolute|pause|setCurrentCaptions|Upload|contains|item|content|html|fviews|referer|prem|embed|3e57249ef633e0d03bf76ceb8d8a4b65|216|83|hash|view|get|TokenZir|window|hide|show|complete|slow|fadeIn|video_ad_fadein|time||cache|Cache|Content|headers|ajaxSetup|v2done|tott|vastdone2|vastdone1|vvbefore|playbackRateControls|cast|aboutlink|FileMoon|abouttext|UHD|1870|qualityLabels|sites|GNOME_POWER|link|2Fiframe|3C|allowfullscreen|22360|22640|22no|marginheight|marginwidth|2FGNOME_POWER|2F0fxcyc2ajhp1|2Fe|2Ffilemoon|2F|3A||22https|3Ciframe|code|sharing|fontOpacity|backgroundOpacity|Tahoma|fontFamily|303030|backgroundColor|FFFFFF|color|userFontScale|thumbnails|kind|0fxcyc2ajhp10000|url|get_slides|start|startparam|none|preload|html5|primary|hlshtml|androidhls|duration|uniform|stretching|0fxcyc2ajhp1_xt|image|2048|sp|6871|asn|127|srv|43200|_g3XlBcu2lmD9oDexD2NLWSmah2Nu3XcDrl93m9PwXY|m3u8||master|0fxcyc2ajhp1_x|00076|01|hls2|to|s01|delivery|storage|moon|sources|setup'''.split('|')))

+    def test_join(self):
+        test_input = list('test')
+        tests = [
+            'function f(a, b){return a.join(b)}',
+            'function f(a, b){return Array.prototype.join.call(a, b)}',
+            'function f(a, b){return Array.prototype.join.apply(a, [b])}',
+        ]
+        for test in tests:
+            jsi = JSInterpreter(test)
+            self._test(jsi, 'test', args=[test_input, ''])
+            self._test(jsi, 't-e-s-t', args=[test_input, '-'])
+            self._test(jsi, '', args=[[], '-'])
+
+    def test_split(self):
+        test_result = list('test')
+        tests = [
+            'function f(a, b){return a.split(b)}',
+            'function f(a, b){return String.prototype.split.call(a, b)}',
+            'function f(a, b){return String.prototype.split.apply(a, [b])}',
+        ]
+        for test in tests:
+            jsi = JSInterpreter(test)
+            self._test(jsi, test_result, args=['test', ''])
+            self._test(jsi, test_result, args=['t-e-s-t', '-'])
+            self._test(jsi, [''], args=['', '-'])
+            self._test(jsi, [], args=['', ''])
+
+    def test_slice(self):
+        self._test('function f(){return [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8].slice()}', [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8])
+        self._test('function f(){return [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8].slice(0)}', [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8])
+        self._test('function f(){return [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8].slice(5)}', [5, 6, 7, 8])
+        self._test('function f(){return [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8].slice(99)}', [])
+        self._test('function f(){return [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8].slice(-2)}', [7, 8])
+        self._test('function f(){return [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8].slice(-99)}', [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8])
+        self._test('function f(){return [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8].slice(0, 0)}', [])
+        self._test('function f(){return [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8].slice(1, 0)}', [])
+        self._test('function f(){return [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8].slice(0, 1)}', [0])
+        self._test('function f(){return [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8].slice(3, 6)}', [3, 4, 5])
+        self._test('function f(){return [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8].slice(1, -1)}', [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7])
+        self._test('function f(){return [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8].slice(-1, 1)}', [])
+        self._test('function f(){return [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8].slice(-3, -1)}', [6, 7])
+        self._test('function f(){return "012345678".slice()}', '012345678')
+        self._test('function f(){return "012345678".slice(0)}', '012345678')
+        self._test('function f(){return "012345678".slice(5)}', '5678')
+        self._test('function f(){return "012345678".slice(99)}', '')
+        self._test('function f(){return "012345678".slice(-2)}', '78')
+        self._test('function f(){return "012345678".slice(-99)}', '012345678')
+        self._test('function f(){return "012345678".slice(0, 0)}', '')
+        self._test('function f(){return "012345678".slice(1, 0)}', '')
+        self._test('function f(){return "012345678".slice(0, 1)}', '0')
+        self._test('function f(){return "012345678".slice(3, 6)}', '345')
+        self._test('function f(){return "012345678".slice(1, -1)}', '1234567')
+        self._test('function f(){return "012345678".slice(-1, 1)}', '')
+        self._test('function f(){return "012345678".slice(-3, -1)}', '67')
+

 if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()
--- a/test/test_netrc.py
+++ b/test/test_netrc.py
@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ class TestNetRc(unittest.TestCase):
                continue
            self.assertTrue(
                ie._NETRC_MACHINE,
-                'Extractor %s supports login, but is missing a _NETRC_MACHINE property' % ie.IE_NAME)
+                f'Extractor {ie.IE_NAME} supports login, but is missing a _NETRC_MACHINE property')


 if __name__ == '__main__':
--- a/test/test_networking.py
+++ b/test/test_networking.py
@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ import sys

 import pytest

+from yt_dlp.networking.common import Features, DEFAULT_TIMEOUT
+
 sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))

 import gzip
@ -27,8 +29,12 @@ import zlib
 from email.message import Message
 from http.cookiejar import CookieJar

-from test.conftest import validate_and_send
-from test.helper import FakeYDL, http_server_port, verify_address_availability
+from test.helper import (
+    FakeYDL,
+    http_server_port,
+    validate_and_send,
+    verify_address_availability,
+)
 from yt_dlp.cookies import YoutubeDLCookieJar
 from yt_dlp.dependencies import brotli, curl_cffi, requests, urllib3
 from yt_dlp.networking import (
@ -62,21 +68,6 @@ from yt_dlp.utils.networking import HTTPHeaderDict, std_headers
 TEST_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))


-def _build_proxy_handler(name):
-    class HTTPTestRequestHandler(http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
-        proxy_name = name
-
-        def log_message(self, format, *args):
-            pass
-
-        def do_GET(self):
-            self.send_response(200)
-            self.send_header('Content-Type', 'text/plain; charset=utf-8')
-            self.end_headers()
-            self.wfile.write(f'{self.proxy_name}: {self.path}'.encode())
-    return HTTPTestRequestHandler
-
-
 class HTTPTestRequestHandler(http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
    protocol_version = 'HTTP/1.1'
    default_request_version = 'HTTP/1.1'
@ -274,6 +265,11 @@ class HTTPTestRequestHandler(http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
            self.end_headers()
            self.wfile.write(payload)
            self.finish()
+        elif self.path == '/get_cookie':
+            self.send_response(200)
+            self.send_header('Set-Cookie', 'test=ytdlp; path=/')
+            self.end_headers()
+            self.finish()
        else:
            self._status(404)

@ -317,8 +313,9 @@ class TestRequestHandlerBase:
        cls.https_server_thread.start()


+@pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests', 'CurlCFFI'], indirect=True)
 class TestHTTPRequestHandler(TestRequestHandlerBase):
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests', 'CurlCFFI'], indirect=True)
+
    def test_verify_cert(self, handler):
        with handler() as rh:
            with pytest.raises(CertificateVerifyError):
@ -329,7 +326,6 @@ class TestHTTPRequestHandler(TestRequestHandlerBase):
            assert r.status == 200
            r.close()

-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests', 'CurlCFFI'], indirect=True)
    def test_ssl_error(self, handler):
        # HTTPS server with too old TLS version
        # XXX: is there a better way to test this than to create a new server?
@ -347,7 +343,52 @@ class TestHTTPRequestHandler(TestRequestHandlerBase):
                validate_and_send(rh, Request(f'https://127.0.0.1:{https_port}/headers'))
            assert not issubclass(exc_info.type, CertificateVerifyError)

-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests', 'CurlCFFI'], indirect=True)
+    @pytest.mark.skip_handler('CurlCFFI', 'legacy_ssl ignored by CurlCFFI')
+    def test_legacy_ssl_extension(self, handler):
+        # HTTPS server with old ciphers
+        # XXX: is there a better way to test this than to create a new server?
+        https_httpd = http.server.ThreadingHTTPServer(
+            ('127.0.0.1', 0), HTTPTestRequestHandler)
+        sslctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER)
+        sslctx.maximum_version = ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1_2
+        sslctx.set_ciphers('SHA1:AESCCM:aDSS:eNULL:aNULL')
+        sslctx.load_cert_chain(os.path.join(TEST_DIR, 'testcert.pem'), None)
+        https_httpd.socket = sslctx.wrap_socket(https_httpd.socket, server_side=True)
+        https_port = http_server_port(https_httpd)
+        https_server_thread = threading.Thread(target=https_httpd.serve_forever)
+        https_server_thread.daemon = True
+        https_server_thread.start()
+
+        with handler(verify=False) as rh:
+            res = validate_and_send(rh, Request(f'https://127.0.0.1:{https_port}/headers', extensions={'legacy_ssl': True}))
+            assert res.status == 200
+            res.close()
+
+            # Ensure only applies to request extension
+            with pytest.raises(SSLError):
+                validate_and_send(rh, Request(f'https://127.0.0.1:{https_port}/headers'))
+
+    @pytest.mark.skip_handler('CurlCFFI', 'legacy_ssl ignored by CurlCFFI')
+    def test_legacy_ssl_support(self, handler):
+        # HTTPS server with old ciphers
+        # XXX: is there a better way to test this than to create a new server?
+        https_httpd = http.server.ThreadingHTTPServer(
+            ('127.0.0.1', 0), HTTPTestRequestHandler)
+        sslctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER)
+        sslctx.maximum_version = ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1_2
+        sslctx.set_ciphers('SHA1:AESCCM:aDSS:eNULL:aNULL')
+        sslctx.load_cert_chain(os.path.join(TEST_DIR, 'testcert.pem'), None)
+        https_httpd.socket = sslctx.wrap_socket(https_httpd.socket, server_side=True)
+        https_port = http_server_port(https_httpd)
+        https_server_thread = threading.Thread(target=https_httpd.serve_forever)
+        https_server_thread.daemon = True
+        https_server_thread.start()
+
+        with handler(verify=False, legacy_ssl_support=True) as rh:
+            res = validate_and_send(rh, Request(f'https://127.0.0.1:{https_port}/headers'))
+            assert res.status == 200
+            res.close()
+
    def test_percent_encode(self, handler):
        with handler() as rh:
            # Unicode characters should be encoded with uppercase percent-encoding
@ -359,7 +400,6 @@ class TestHTTPRequestHandler(TestRequestHandlerBase):
            assert res.status == 200
            res.close()

-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests', 'CurlCFFI'], indirect=True)
    @pytest.mark.parametrize('path', [
        '/a/b/./../../headers',
        '/redirect_dotsegments',
@ -375,25 +415,22 @@ class TestHTTPRequestHandler(TestRequestHandlerBase):
            assert res.url == f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/headers'
            res.close()

-    # Not supported by CurlCFFI (non-standard)
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests'], indirect=True)
+    @pytest.mark.skip_handler('CurlCFFI', 'not supported by curl-cffi (non-standard)')
    def test_unicode_path_redirection(self, handler):
        with handler() as rh:
            r = validate_and_send(rh, Request(f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/302-non-ascii-redirect'))
            assert r.url == f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87.html'
            r.close()

-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests', 'CurlCFFI'], indirect=True)
    def test_raise_http_error(self, handler):
        with handler() as rh:
            for bad_status in (400, 500, 599, 302):
                with pytest.raises(HTTPError):
-                    validate_and_send(rh, Request('http://127.0.0.1:%d/gen_%d' % (self.http_port, bad_status)))
+                    validate_and_send(rh, Request(f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/gen_{bad_status}'))

            # Should not raise an error
-            validate_and_send(rh, Request('http://127.0.0.1:%d/gen_200' % self.http_port)).close()
+            validate_and_send(rh, Request(f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/gen_200')).close()

-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests', 'CurlCFFI'], indirect=True)
    def test_response_url(self, handler):
        with handler() as rh:
            # Response url should be that of the last url in redirect chain
@ -405,7 +442,6 @@ class TestHTTPRequestHandler(TestRequestHandlerBase):
            res2.close()

    # Covers some basic cases we expect some level of consistency between request handlers for
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests', 'CurlCFFI'], indirect=True)
    @pytest.mark.parametrize('redirect_status,method,expected', [
        # A 303 must either use GET or HEAD for subsequent request
        (303, 'POST', ('', 'GET', False)),
@ -447,7 +483,6 @@ class TestHTTPRequestHandler(TestRequestHandlerBase):
            assert expected[1] == res.headers.get('method')
            assert expected[2] == ('content-length' in headers.decode().lower())

-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests', 'CurlCFFI'], indirect=True)
    def test_request_cookie_header(self, handler):
        # We should accept a Cookie header being passed as in normal headers and handle it appropriately.
        with handler() as rh:
@ -480,19 +515,16 @@ class TestHTTPRequestHandler(TestRequestHandlerBase):
            assert b'cookie: test=ytdlp' not in data.lower()
            assert b'cookie: test=test3' in data.lower()

-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests', 'CurlCFFI'], indirect=True)
    def test_redirect_loop(self, handler):
        with handler() as rh:
            with pytest.raises(HTTPError, match='redirect loop'):
                validate_and_send(rh, Request(f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/redirect_loop'))

-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests', 'CurlCFFI'], indirect=True)
    def test_incompleteread(self, handler):
        with handler(timeout=2) as rh:
            with pytest.raises(IncompleteRead, match='13 bytes read, 234221 more expected'):
-                validate_and_send(rh, Request('http://127.0.0.1:%d/incompleteread' % self.http_port)).read()
+                validate_and_send(rh, Request(f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/incompleteread')).read()

-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests', 'CurlCFFI'], indirect=True)
    def test_cookies(self, handler):
        cookiejar = YoutubeDLCookieJar()
        cookiejar.set_cookie(http.cookiejar.Cookie(
@ -509,7 +541,24 @@ class TestHTTPRequestHandler(TestRequestHandlerBase):
                rh, Request(f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/headers', extensions={'cookiejar': cookiejar})).read()
            assert b'cookie: test=ytdlp' in data.lower()

-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests', 'CurlCFFI'], indirect=True)
+    def test_cookie_sync_only_cookiejar(self, handler):
+        # Ensure that cookies are ONLY being handled by the cookiejar
+        with handler() as rh:
+            validate_and_send(rh, Request(f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/get_cookie', extensions={'cookiejar': YoutubeDLCookieJar()}))
+            data = validate_and_send(rh, Request(f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/headers', extensions={'cookiejar': YoutubeDLCookieJar()})).read()
+            assert b'cookie: test=ytdlp' not in data.lower()
+
+    def test_cookie_sync_delete_cookie(self, handler):
+        # Ensure that cookies are ONLY being handled by the cookiejar
+        cookiejar = YoutubeDLCookieJar()
+        with handler(cookiejar=cookiejar) as rh:
+            validate_and_send(rh, Request(f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/get_cookie'))
+            data = validate_and_send(rh, Request(f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/headers')).read()
+            assert b'cookie: test=ytdlp' in data.lower()
+            cookiejar.clear_session_cookies()
+            data = validate_and_send(rh, Request(f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/headers')).read()
+            assert b'cookie: test=ytdlp' not in data.lower()
+
    def test_headers(self, handler):

        with handler(headers=HTTPHeaderDict({'test1': 'test', 'test2': 'test2'})) as rh:
@ -525,7 +574,6 @@ class TestHTTPRequestHandler(TestRequestHandlerBase):
            assert b'test2: test2' not in data
            assert b'test3: test3' in data

-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests', 'CurlCFFI'], indirect=True)
    def test_read_timeout(self, handler):
        with handler() as rh:
            # Default timeout is 20 seconds, so this should go through
@ -541,26 +589,21 @@ class TestHTTPRequestHandler(TestRequestHandlerBase):
            validate_and_send(
                rh, Request(f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/timeout_1', extensions={'timeout': 4}))

-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests', 'CurlCFFI'], indirect=True)
    def test_connect_timeout(self, handler):
        # nothing should be listening on this port
        connect_timeout_url = 'http://10.255.255.255'
-        with handler(timeout=0.01) as rh:
+        with handler(timeout=0.01) as rh, pytest.raises(TransportError):
            now = time.time()
-            with pytest.raises(TransportError):
-                validate_and_send(
-                    rh, Request(connect_timeout_url))
-            assert 0.01 <= time.time() - now < 20
+            validate_and_send(rh, Request(connect_timeout_url))
+        assert time.time() - now < DEFAULT_TIMEOUT

-        with handler() as rh:
-            with pytest.raises(TransportError):
-                # Per request timeout, should override handler timeout
-                now = time.time()
-                validate_and_send(
-                    rh, Request(connect_timeout_url, extensions={'timeout': 0.01}))
-                assert 0.01 <= time.time() - now < 20
+        # Per request timeout, should override handler timeout
+        request = Request(connect_timeout_url, extensions={'timeout': 0.01})
+        with handler() as rh, pytest.raises(TransportError):
+            now = time.time()
+            validate_and_send(rh, request)
+        assert time.time() - now < DEFAULT_TIMEOUT

-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests', 'CurlCFFI'], indirect=True)
    def test_source_address(self, handler):
        source_address = f'127.0.0.{random.randint(5, 255)}'
        # on some systems these loopback addresses we need for testing may not be available
@ -572,13 +615,13 @@ class TestHTTPRequestHandler(TestRequestHandlerBase):
            assert source_address == data

    # Not supported by CurlCFFI
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests'], indirect=True)
+    @pytest.mark.skip_handler('CurlCFFI', 'not supported by curl-cffi')
    def test_gzip_trailing_garbage(self, handler):
        with handler() as rh:
            data = validate_and_send(rh, Request(f'http://localhost:{self.http_port}/trailing_garbage')).read().decode()
            assert data == '<html><video src="/vid.mp4" /></html>'

-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests'], indirect=True)
+    @pytest.mark.skip_handler('CurlCFFI', 'not applicable to curl-cffi')
    @pytest.mark.skipif(not brotli, reason='brotli support is not installed')
    def test_brotli(self, handler):
        with handler() as rh:
@ -589,7 +632,6 @@ class TestHTTPRequestHandler(TestRequestHandlerBase):
            assert res.headers.get('Content-Encoding') == 'br'
            assert res.read() == b'<html><video src="/vid.mp4" /></html>'

-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests', 'CurlCFFI'], indirect=True)
    def test_deflate(self, handler):
        with handler() as rh:
            res = validate_and_send(
@ -599,7 +641,6 @@ class TestHTTPRequestHandler(TestRequestHandlerBase):
            assert res.headers.get('Content-Encoding') == 'deflate'
            assert res.read() == b'<html><video src="/vid.mp4" /></html>'

-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests', 'CurlCFFI'], indirect=True)
    def test_gzip(self, handler):
        with handler() as rh:
            res = validate_and_send(
@ -609,7 +650,6 @@ class TestHTTPRequestHandler(TestRequestHandlerBase):
            assert res.headers.get('Content-Encoding') == 'gzip'
            assert res.read() == b'<html><video src="/vid.mp4" /></html>'

-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests', 'CurlCFFI'], indirect=True)
    def test_multiple_encodings(self, handler):
        with handler() as rh:
            for pair in ('gzip,deflate', 'deflate, gzip', 'gzip, gzip', 'deflate, deflate'):
@ -620,8 +660,7 @@ class TestHTTPRequestHandler(TestRequestHandlerBase):
                assert res.headers.get('Content-Encoding') == pair
                assert res.read() == b'<html><video src="/vid.mp4" /></html>'

-    # Not supported by curl_cffi
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests'], indirect=True)
+    @pytest.mark.skip_handler('CurlCFFI', 'not supported by curl-cffi')
    def test_unsupported_encoding(self, handler):
        with handler() as rh:
            res = validate_and_send(
@ -631,7 +670,6 @@ class TestHTTPRequestHandler(TestRequestHandlerBase):
            assert res.headers.get('Content-Encoding') == 'unsupported'
            assert res.read() == b'raw'

-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests', 'CurlCFFI'], indirect=True)
    def test_read(self, handler):
        with handler() as rh:
            res = validate_and_send(
@ -642,83 +680,48 @@ class TestHTTPRequestHandler(TestRequestHandlerBase):
            assert res.read().decode().endswith('\n\n')
            assert res.read() == b''

+    def test_request_disable_proxy(self, handler):
+        for proxy_proto in handler._SUPPORTED_PROXY_SCHEMES or ['http']:
+            # Given the handler is configured with a proxy
+            with handler(proxies={'http': f'{proxy_proto}://10.255.255.255'}, timeout=5) as rh:
+                # When a proxy is explicitly set to None for the request
+                res = validate_and_send(
+                    rh, Request(f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/headers', proxies={'http': None}))
+                # Then no proxy should be used
+                res.close()
+                assert res.status == 200

-class TestHTTPProxy(TestRequestHandlerBase):
-    # Note: this only tests http urls over non-CONNECT proxy
-    @classmethod
-    def setup_class(cls):
-        super().setup_class()
-        # HTTP Proxy server
-        cls.proxy = http.server.ThreadingHTTPServer(
-            ('127.0.0.1', 0), _build_proxy_handler('normal'))
-        cls.proxy_port = http_server_port(cls.proxy)
-        cls.proxy_thread = threading.Thread(target=cls.proxy.serve_forever)
-        cls.proxy_thread.daemon = True
-        cls.proxy_thread.start()
-
-        # Geo proxy server
-        cls.geo_proxy = http.server.ThreadingHTTPServer(
-            ('127.0.0.1', 0), _build_proxy_handler('geo'))
-        cls.geo_port = http_server_port(cls.geo_proxy)
-        cls.geo_proxy_thread = threading.Thread(target=cls.geo_proxy.serve_forever)
-        cls.geo_proxy_thread.daemon = True
-        cls.geo_proxy_thread.start()
-
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests', 'CurlCFFI'], indirect=True)
-    def test_http_proxy(self, handler):
-        http_proxy = f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.proxy_port}'
-        geo_proxy = f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.geo_port}'
-
-        # Test global http proxy
-        # Test per request http proxy
-        # Test per request http proxy disables proxy
-        url = 'http://foo.com/bar'
-
-        # Global HTTP proxy
-        with handler(proxies={'http': http_proxy}) as rh:
-            res = validate_and_send(rh, Request(url)).read().decode()
-            assert res == f'normal: {url}'
-
-            # Per request proxy overrides global
-            res = validate_and_send(rh, Request(url, proxies={'http': geo_proxy})).read().decode()
-            assert res == f'geo: {url}'
-
-            # and setting to None disables all proxies for that request
-            real_url = f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/headers'
-            res = validate_and_send(
-                rh, Request(real_url, proxies={'http': None})).read().decode()
-            assert res != f'normal: {real_url}'
-            assert 'Accept' in res
-
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests', 'CurlCFFI'], indirect=True)
+    @pytest.mark.skip_handlers_if(
+        lambda _, handler: Features.NO_PROXY not in handler._SUPPORTED_FEATURES, 'handler does not support NO_PROXY')
    def test_noproxy(self, handler):
-        with handler(proxies={'proxy': f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.proxy_port}'}) as rh:
-            # NO_PROXY
-            for no_proxy in (f'127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}', '127.0.0.1', 'localhost'):
-                nop_response = validate_and_send(
-                    rh, Request(f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/headers', proxies={'no': no_proxy})).read().decode(
-                    'utf-8')
-                assert 'Accept' in nop_response
-
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests', 'CurlCFFI'], indirect=True)
+        for proxy_proto in handler._SUPPORTED_PROXY_SCHEMES or ['http']:
+            # Given the handler is configured with a proxy
+            with handler(proxies={'http': f'{proxy_proto}://10.255.255.255'}, timeout=5) as rh:
+                for no_proxy in (f'127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}', '127.0.0.1', 'localhost'):
+                    # When request no proxy includes the request url host
+                    nop_response = validate_and_send(
+                        rh, Request(f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/headers', proxies={'no': no_proxy}))
+                    # Then the proxy should not be used
+                    assert nop_response.status == 200
+                    nop_response.close()
+
+    @pytest.mark.skip_handlers_if(
+        lambda _, handler: Features.ALL_PROXY not in handler._SUPPORTED_FEATURES, 'handler does not support ALL_PROXY')
    def test_allproxy(self, handler):
-        url = 'http://foo.com/bar'
-        with handler() as rh:
-            response = validate_and_send(rh, Request(url, proxies={'all': f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.proxy_port}'})).read().decode(
-                'utf-8')
-            assert response == f'normal: {url}'
+        # This is a bit of a hacky test, but it should be enough to check whether the handler is using the proxy.
+        # 0.1s might not be enough of a timeout if proxy is not used in all cases, but should still get failures.
+        with handler(proxies={'all': 'http://10.255.255.255'}, timeout=0.1) as rh:
+            with pytest.raises(TransportError):
+                validate_and_send(rh, Request(f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/headers')).close()

-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests', 'CurlCFFI'], indirect=True)
-    def test_http_proxy_with_idn(self, handler):
-        with handler(proxies={
-            'http': f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.proxy_port}',
-        }) as rh:
-            url = 'http://中文.tw/'
-            response = rh.send(Request(url)).read().decode()
-            # b'xn--fiq228c' is '中文'.encode('idna')
-            assert response == 'normal: http://xn--fiq228c.tw/'
+        with handler(timeout=0.1) as rh:
+            with pytest.raises(TransportError):
+                validate_and_send(
+                    rh, Request(
+                        f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/headers', proxies={'all': 'http://10.255.255.255'})).close()


+@pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests', 'CurlCFFI'], indirect=True)
 class TestClientCertificate:
    @classmethod
    def setup_class(cls):
@ -745,27 +748,23 @@ class TestClientCertificate:
        ) as rh:
            validate_and_send(rh, Request(f'https://127.0.0.1:{self.port}/video.html')).read().decode()

-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests', 'CurlCFFI'], indirect=True)
    def test_certificate_combined_nopass(self, handler):
        self._run_test(handler, client_cert={
            'client_certificate': os.path.join(self.certdir, 'clientwithkey.crt'),
        })

-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests', 'CurlCFFI'], indirect=True)
    def test_certificate_nocombined_nopass(self, handler):
        self._run_test(handler, client_cert={
            'client_certificate': os.path.join(self.certdir, 'client.crt'),
            'client_certificate_key': os.path.join(self.certdir, 'client.key'),
        })

-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests', 'CurlCFFI'], indirect=True)
    def test_certificate_combined_pass(self, handler):
        self._run_test(handler, client_cert={
            'client_certificate': os.path.join(self.certdir, 'clientwithencryptedkey.crt'),
            'client_certificate_password': 'foobar',
        })

-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests', 'CurlCFFI'], indirect=True)
    def test_certificate_nocombined_pass(self, handler):
        self._run_test(handler, client_cert={
            'client_certificate': os.path.join(self.certdir, 'client.crt'),
@ -810,7 +809,7 @@ class TestRequestHandlerMisc:
    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler,logger_name', [
        ('Requests', 'urllib3'),
        ('Websockets', 'websockets.client'),
-        ('Websockets', 'websockets.server')
+        ('Websockets', 'websockets.server'),
    ], indirect=['handler'])
    def test_remove_logging_handler(self, handler, logger_name):
        # Ensure any logging handlers, which may contain a YoutubeDL instance,
@ -823,9 +822,27 @@ class TestRequestHandlerMisc:
        rh.close()
        assert len(logging_handlers) == before_count

+    def test_wrap_request_errors(self):
+        class TestRequestHandler(RequestHandler):
+            def _validate(self, request):
+                if request.headers.get('x-fail'):
+                    raise UnsupportedRequest('test error')

+            def _send(self, request: Request):
+                raise RequestError('test error')
+
+        with TestRequestHandler(logger=FakeLogger()) as rh:
+            with pytest.raises(UnsupportedRequest, match='test error') as exc_info:
+                rh.validate(Request('http://example.com', headers={'x-fail': '1'}))
+            assert exc_info.value.handler is rh
+
+            with pytest.raises(RequestError, match='test error') as exc_info:
+                rh.send(Request('http://example.com'))
+            assert exc_info.value.handler is rh
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib'], indirect=True)
 class TestUrllibRequestHandler(TestRequestHandlerBase):
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib'], indirect=True)
    def test_file_urls(self, handler):
        # See https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/8227
        tf = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(delete=False)
@ -847,7 +864,6 @@ class TestUrllibRequestHandler(TestRequestHandlerBase):

        os.unlink(tf.name)

-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib'], indirect=True)
    def test_http_error_returns_content(self, handler):
        # urllib HTTPError will try close the underlying response if reference to the HTTPError object is lost
        def get_response():
@ -860,31 +876,29 @@ class TestUrllibRequestHandler(TestRequestHandlerBase):

        assert get_response().read() == b'<html></html>'

-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib'], indirect=True)
    def test_verify_cert_error_text(self, handler):
        # Check the output of the error message
        with handler() as rh:
            with pytest.raises(
                CertificateVerifyError,
-                match=r'\[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED\] certificate verify failed: self.signed certificate'
+                match=r'\[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED\] certificate verify failed: self.signed certificate',
            ):
                validate_and_send(rh, Request(f'https://127.0.0.1:{self.https_port}/headers'))

-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib'], indirect=True)
    @pytest.mark.parametrize('req,match,version_check', [
        # https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/987b712b4aeeece336eed24fcc87a950a756c3e2/Lib/http/client.py#L1256
        # bpo-39603: Check implemented in 3.7.9+, 3.8.5+
        (
            Request('http://127.0.0.1', method='GET\n'),
            'method can\'t contain control characters',
-            lambda v: v < (3, 7, 9) or (3, 8, 0) <= v < (3, 8, 5)
+            lambda v: v < (3, 7, 9) or (3, 8, 0) <= v < (3, 8, 5),
        ),
        # https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/987b712b4aeeece336eed24fcc87a950a756c3e2/Lib/http/client.py#L1265
        # bpo-38576: Check implemented in 3.7.8+, 3.8.3+
        (
            Request('http://127.0.0. 1', method='GET'),
            'URL can\'t contain control characters',
-            lambda v: v < (3, 7, 8) or (3, 8, 0) <= v < (3, 8, 3)
+            lambda v: v < (3, 7, 8) or (3, 8, 0) <= v < (3, 8, 3),
        ),
        # https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/987b712b4aeeece336eed24fcc87a950a756c3e2/Lib/http/client.py#L1288C31-L1288C50
        (Request('http://127.0.0.1', headers={'foo\n': 'bar'}), 'Invalid header name', None),
@ -913,7 +927,7 @@ class TestRequestsRequestHandler(TestRequestHandlerBase):
        (lambda: requests.exceptions.InvalidHeader(), RequestError),
        # catch-all: https://github.com/psf/requests/blob/main/src/requests/adapters.py#L535
        (lambda: urllib3.exceptions.HTTPError(), TransportError),
-        (lambda: requests.exceptions.RequestException(), RequestError)
+        (lambda: requests.exceptions.RequestException(), RequestError),
        #  (lambda: requests.exceptions.TooManyRedirects(), HTTPError) - Needs a response object
    ])
    def test_request_error_mapping(self, handler, monkeypatch, raised, expected):
@ -941,12 +955,12 @@ class TestRequestsRequestHandler(TestRequestHandlerBase):
        (
            lambda: urllib3.exceptions.ProtocolError('error', http.client.IncompleteRead(partial=b'abc', expected=4)),
            IncompleteRead,
-            '3 bytes read, 4 more expected'
+            '3 bytes read, 4 more expected',
        ),
        (
            lambda: urllib3.exceptions.ProtocolError('error', urllib3.exceptions.IncompleteRead(partial=3, expected=5)),
            IncompleteRead,
-            '3 bytes read, 5 more expected'
+            '3 bytes read, 5 more expected',
        ),
    ])
    def test_response_error_mapping(self, handler, monkeypatch, raised, expected, match):
@ -987,7 +1001,6 @@ class TestRequestsRequestHandler(TestRequestHandlerBase):
 class TestCurlCFFIRequestHandler(TestRequestHandlerBase):

    @pytest.mark.parametrize('params,extensions', [
-        ({}, {'impersonate': ImpersonateTarget('chrome')}),
        ({'impersonate': ImpersonateTarget('chrome', '110')}, {}),
        ({'impersonate': ImpersonateTarget('chrome', '99')}, {'impersonate': ImpersonateTarget('chrome', '110')}),
    ])
@ -1198,11 +1211,11 @@ class TestRequestHandlerValidation:
            ('https', False, {}),
        ]),
        (NoCheckRH, [('http', False, {})]),
-        (ValidationRH, [('http', UnsupportedRequest, {})])
+        (ValidationRH, [('http', UnsupportedRequest, {})]),
    ]

    PROXY_SCHEME_TESTS = [
-        # scheme, expected to fail
+        # proxy scheme, expected to fail
        ('Urllib', 'http', [
            ('http', False),
            ('https', UnsupportedRequest),
@ -1228,30 +1241,41 @@ class TestRequestHandlerValidation:
            ('socks5', False),
            ('socks5h', False),
        ]),
+        ('Websockets', 'ws', [
+            ('http', UnsupportedRequest),
+            ('https', UnsupportedRequest),
+            ('socks4', False),
+            ('socks4a', False),
+            ('socks5', False),
+            ('socks5h', False),
+        ]),
        (NoCheckRH, 'http', [('http', False)]),
        (HTTPSupportedRH, 'http', [('http', UnsupportedRequest)]),
-        ('Websockets', 'ws', [('http', UnsupportedRequest)]),
        (NoCheckRH, 'http', [('http', False)]),
        (HTTPSupportedRH, 'http', [('http', UnsupportedRequest)]),
    ]

    PROXY_KEY_TESTS = [
-        # key, expected to fail
-        ('Urllib', [
-            ('all', False),
-            ('unrelated', False),
+        # proxy key, proxy scheme, expected to fail
+        ('Urllib', 'http', [
+            ('all', 'http', False),
+            ('unrelated', 'http', False),
        ]),
-        ('Requests', [
-            ('all', False),
-            ('unrelated', False),
+        ('Requests', 'http', [
+            ('all', 'http', False),
+            ('unrelated', 'http', False),
        ]),
-        ('CurlCFFI', [
-            ('all', False),
-            ('unrelated', False),
+        ('CurlCFFI', 'http', [
+            ('all', 'http', False),
+            ('unrelated', 'http', False),
        ]),
-        (NoCheckRH, [('all', False)]),
-        (HTTPSupportedRH, [('all', UnsupportedRequest)]),
-        (HTTPSupportedRH, [('no', UnsupportedRequest)]),
+        ('Websockets', 'ws', [
+            ('all', 'socks5', False),
+            ('unrelated', 'socks5', False),
+        ]),
+        (NoCheckRH, 'http', [('all', 'http', False)]),
+        (HTTPSupportedRH, 'http', [('all', 'http', UnsupportedRequest)]),
+        (HTTPSupportedRH, 'http', [('no', 'http', UnsupportedRequest)]),
    ]

    EXTENSION_TESTS = [
@ -1262,6 +1286,9 @@ class TestRequestHandlerValidation:
            ({'timeout': 1}, False),
            ({'timeout': 'notatimeout'}, AssertionError),
            ({'unsupported': 'value'}, UnsupportedRequest),
+            ({'legacy_ssl': False}, False),
+            ({'legacy_ssl': True}, False),
+            ({'legacy_ssl': 'notabool'}, AssertionError),
        ]),
        ('Requests', 'http', [
            ({'cookiejar': 'notacookiejar'}, AssertionError),
@ -1269,6 +1296,9 @@ class TestRequestHandlerValidation:
            ({'timeout': 1}, False),
            ({'timeout': 'notatimeout'}, AssertionError),
            ({'unsupported': 'value'}, UnsupportedRequest),
+            ({'legacy_ssl': False}, False),
+            ({'legacy_ssl': True}, False),
+            ({'legacy_ssl': 'notabool'}, AssertionError),
        ]),
        ('CurlCFFI', 'http', [
            ({'cookiejar': 'notacookiejar'}, AssertionError),
@ -1281,7 +1311,10 @@ class TestRequestHandlerValidation:
            ({'impersonate': ImpersonateTarget('chrome', None, None, None)}, False),
            ({'impersonate': ImpersonateTarget(None, None, None, None)}, False),
            ({'impersonate': ImpersonateTarget()}, False),
-            ({'impersonate': 'chrome'}, AssertionError)
+            ({'impersonate': 'chrome'}, AssertionError),
+            ({'legacy_ssl': False}, False),
+            ({'legacy_ssl': True}, False),
+            ({'legacy_ssl': 'notabool'}, AssertionError),
        ]),
        (NoCheckRH, 'http', [
            ({'cookiejar': 'notacookiejar'}, False),
@ -1290,31 +1323,60 @@ class TestRequestHandlerValidation:
        ('Websockets', 'ws', [
            ({'cookiejar': YoutubeDLCookieJar()}, False),
            ({'timeout': 2}, False),
+            ({'legacy_ssl': False}, False),
+            ({'legacy_ssl': True}, False),
+            ({'legacy_ssl': 'notabool'}, AssertionError),
        ]),
    ]

+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler,fail,scheme', [
+        ('Urllib', False, 'http'),
+        ('Requests', False, 'http'),
+        ('CurlCFFI', False, 'http'),
+        ('Websockets', False, 'ws'),
+    ], indirect=['handler'])
+    def test_no_proxy(self, handler, fail, scheme):
+        run_validation(handler, fail, Request(f'{scheme}://', proxies={'no': '127.0.0.1,github.com'}))
+        run_validation(handler, fail, Request(f'{scheme}://'), proxies={'no': '127.0.0.1,github.com'})
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler,scheme', [
+        ('Urllib', 'http'),
+        (HTTPSupportedRH, 'http'),
+        ('Requests', 'http'),
+        ('CurlCFFI', 'http'),
+        ('Websockets', 'ws'),
+    ], indirect=['handler'])
+    def test_empty_proxy(self, handler, scheme):
+        run_validation(handler, False, Request(f'{scheme}://', proxies={scheme: None}))
+        run_validation(handler, False, Request(f'{scheme}://'), proxies={scheme: None})
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('proxy_url', ['//example.com', 'example.com', '127.0.0.1', '/a/b/c'])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler,scheme', [
+        ('Urllib', 'http'),
+        (HTTPSupportedRH, 'http'),
+        ('Requests', 'http'),
+        ('CurlCFFI', 'http'),
+        ('Websockets', 'ws'),
+    ], indirect=['handler'])
+    def test_invalid_proxy_url(self, handler, scheme, proxy_url):
+        run_validation(handler, UnsupportedRequest, Request(f'{scheme}://', proxies={scheme: proxy_url}))
+
    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler,scheme,fail,handler_kwargs', [
        (handler_tests[0], scheme, fail, handler_kwargs)
        for handler_tests in URL_SCHEME_TESTS
        for scheme, fail, handler_kwargs in handler_tests[1]
-
    ], indirect=['handler'])
    def test_url_scheme(self, handler, scheme, fail, handler_kwargs):
        run_validation(handler, fail, Request(f'{scheme}://'), **(handler_kwargs or {}))

-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler,fail', [('Urllib', False), ('Requests', False), ('CurlCFFI', False)], indirect=['handler'])
-    def test_no_proxy(self, handler, fail):
-        run_validation(handler, fail, Request('http://', proxies={'no': '127.0.0.1,github.com'}))
-        run_validation(handler, fail, Request('http://'), proxies={'no': '127.0.0.1,github.com'})
-
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler,proxy_key,fail', [
-        (handler_tests[0], proxy_key, fail)
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler,scheme,proxy_key,proxy_scheme,fail', [
+        (handler_tests[0], handler_tests[1], proxy_key, proxy_scheme, fail)
        for handler_tests in PROXY_KEY_TESTS
-        for proxy_key, fail in handler_tests[1]
+        for proxy_key, proxy_scheme, fail in handler_tests[2]
    ], indirect=['handler'])
-    def test_proxy_key(self, handler, proxy_key, fail):
-        run_validation(handler, fail, Request('http://', proxies={proxy_key: 'http://example.com'}))
-        run_validation(handler, fail, Request('http://'), proxies={proxy_key: 'http://example.com'})
+    def test_proxy_key(self, handler, scheme, proxy_key, proxy_scheme, fail):
+        run_validation(handler, fail, Request(f'{scheme}://', proxies={proxy_key: f'{proxy_scheme}://example.com'}))
+        run_validation(handler, fail, Request(f'{scheme}://'), proxies={proxy_key: f'{proxy_scheme}://example.com'})

    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler,req_scheme,scheme,fail', [
        (handler_tests[0], handler_tests[1], scheme, fail)
@ -1325,16 +1387,6 @@ class TestRequestHandlerValidation:
        run_validation(handler, fail, Request(f'{req_scheme}://', proxies={req_scheme: f'{scheme}://example.com'}))
        run_validation(handler, fail, Request(f'{req_scheme}://'), proxies={req_scheme: f'{scheme}://example.com'})

-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', HTTPSupportedRH, 'Requests', 'CurlCFFI'], indirect=True)
-    def test_empty_proxy(self, handler):
-        run_validation(handler, False, Request('http://', proxies={'http': None}))
-        run_validation(handler, False, Request('http://'), proxies={'http': None})
-
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('proxy_url', ['//example.com', 'example.com', '127.0.0.1', '/a/b/c'])
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests', 'CurlCFFI'], indirect=True)
-    def test_invalid_proxy_url(self, handler, proxy_url):
-        run_validation(handler, UnsupportedRequest, Request('http://', proxies={'http': proxy_url}))
-
    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler,scheme,extensions,fail', [
        (handler_tests[0], handler_tests[1], extensions, fail)
        for handler_tests in EXTENSION_TESTS
@ -1520,7 +1572,7 @@ class TestYoutubeDLNetworking:
    @pytest.mark.parametrize('proxy,expected', [
        ('http://127.0.0.1:8080', {'all': 'http://127.0.0.1:8080'}),
        ('', {'all': '__noproxy__'}),
-        (None, {'http': 'http://127.0.0.1:8081', 'https': 'http://127.0.0.1:8081'})  # env, set https
+        (None, {'http': 'http://127.0.0.1:8081', 'https': 'http://127.0.0.1:8081'}),  # env, set https
    ])
    def test_proxy(self, proxy, expected, monkeypatch):
        monkeypatch.setenv('HTTP_PROXY', 'http://127.0.0.1:8081')
@ -1592,7 +1644,7 @@ class TestYoutubeDLNetworking:
        with FakeImpersonationRHYDL() as ydl:
            with pytest.raises(
                RequestError,
-                match=r'Impersonate target "test" is not available'
+                match=r'Impersonate target "test" is not available',
            ):
                ydl.urlopen(Request('http://', extensions={'impersonate': ImpersonateTarget('test', None, None, None)}))

@ -1604,7 +1656,7 @@ class TestYoutubeDLNetworking:
                        pass

                    _SUPPORTED_URL_SCHEMES = ('http',)
-                    _SUPPORTED_IMPERSONATE_TARGET_MAP = {ImpersonateTarget('abc',): 'test'}
+                    _SUPPORTED_IMPERSONATE_TARGET_MAP = {ImpersonateTarget('abc'): 'test'}
                    _SUPPORTED_PROXY_SCHEMES = None

                super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
@ -1613,14 +1665,14 @@ class TestYoutubeDLNetworking:
        with FakeHTTPRHYDL() as ydl:
            with pytest.raises(
                RequestError,
-                match=r'Impersonate target "test" is not available'
+                match=r'Impersonate target "test" is not available',
            ):
                ydl.urlopen(Request('http://', extensions={'impersonate': ImpersonateTarget('test', None, None, None)}))

    def test_raise_impersonate_error(self):
        with pytest.raises(
            YoutubeDLError,
-            match=r'Impersonate target "test" is not available'
+            match=r'Impersonate target "test" is not available',
        ):
            FakeYDL({'impersonate': ImpersonateTarget('test', None, None, None)})

@ -1638,7 +1690,7 @@ class TestYoutubeDLNetworking:
        monkeypatch.setattr(FakeYDL, 'build_request_director', lambda cls, handlers, preferences=None: brh(cls, handlers=[IRH]))

        with FakeYDL({
-            'impersonate': ImpersonateTarget('abc', None, None, None)
+            'impersonate': ImpersonateTarget('abc', None, None, None),
        }) as ydl:
            rh = self.build_handler(ydl, IRH)
            assert rh.impersonate == ImpersonateTarget('abc', None, None, None)
@ -1650,7 +1702,7 @@ class TestYoutubeDLNetworking:
                def _send(self, request: Request):
                    pass
                _SUPPORTED_URL_SCHEMES = ('http',)
-                _SUPPORTED_IMPERSONATE_TARGET_MAP = {ImpersonateTarget(target_client,): 'test'}
+                _SUPPORTED_IMPERSONATE_TARGET_MAP = {ImpersonateTarget(target_client): 'test'}
                RH_KEY = target_client
                RH_NAME = target_client
            handlers.append(TestRH)
@ -1660,7 +1712,7 @@ class TestYoutubeDLNetworking:
            assert set(ydl._get_available_impersonate_targets()) == {
                (ImpersonateTarget('xyz'), 'xyz'),
                (ImpersonateTarget('abc'), 'abc'),
-                (ImpersonateTarget('asd'), 'asd')
+                (ImpersonateTarget('asd'), 'asd'),
            }
            assert ydl._impersonate_target_available(ImpersonateTarget('abc'))
            assert ydl._impersonate_target_available(ImpersonateTarget())
@ -1883,7 +1935,7 @@ class TestRequest:
            extensions={'cookiejar': CookieJar()},
            headers={'Accept-Encoding': 'br'},
            proxies={'http': 'http://127.0.0.1'},
-            data=[b'123']
+            data=[b'123'],
        )
        req_copy = req.copy()
        assert req_copy is not req
@ -1909,7 +1961,7 @@ class TestRequest:
        assert isinstance(req.copy(), AnotherRequest)

    def test_url(self):
-        req = Request(url='https://фtest.example.com/ some spaceв?ä=c',)
+        req = Request(url='https://фtest.example.com/ some spaceв?ä=c')
        assert req.url == 'https://xn--test-z6d.example.com/%20some%20space%D0%B2?%C3%A4=c'

        assert Request(url='//example.com').url == 'http://example.com'
@ -1924,7 +1976,7 @@ class TestResponse:
        ('custom', 200, 'custom'),
        (None, 404, 'Not Found'),  # fallback status
        ('', 403, 'Forbidden'),
-        (None, 999, None)
+        (None, 999, None),
    ])
    def test_reason(self, reason, status, expected):
        res = Response(io.BytesIO(b''), url='test://', headers={}, status=status, reason=reason)
@ -1979,7 +2031,7 @@ class TestImpersonateTarget:

    @pytest.mark.parametrize('target_str', [
        '-120', ':-12.0', '-12:-12', '-:-',
-        '::', 'a-c-d:', 'a-c-d:e-f-g', 'a:b:'
+        '::', 'a-c-d:', 'a-c-d:e-f-g', 'a:b:',
    ])
    def test_target_from_invalid_str(self, target_str):
        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
@ -1995,7 +2047,7 @@ class TestImpersonateTarget:
        (ImpersonateTarget('abc', '120', 'xyz', None), 'abc-120:xyz'),
        (ImpersonateTarget('abc', None, 'xyz'), 'abc:xyz'),
        (ImpersonateTarget(None, None, 'xyz', '6.5'), ':xyz-6.5'),
-        (ImpersonateTarget('abc', ), 'abc'),
+        (ImpersonateTarget('abc'), 'abc'),
        (ImpersonateTarget(None, None, None, None), ''),
    ])
    def test_str(self, target, expected):
--- a/test/test_networking_utils.py
+++ b/test/test_networking_utils.py
@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ class TestNetworkingUtils:
        proxies = {
            'all': 'socks5://example.com',
            'http': 'http://example.com:1080',
-            'no': 'bypass.example.com,yt-dl.org'
+            'no': 'bypass.example.com,yt-dl.org',
        }

        assert select_proxy('https://example.com', proxies) == proxies['all']
@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ class TestNetworkingUtils:
            'port': 1080,
            'rdns': True,
            'username': None,
-            'password': None
+            'password': None,
        }),
        ('socks5://user:@example.com:5555', {
            'proxytype': ProxyType.SOCKS5,
@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ class TestNetworkingUtils:
            'port': 5555,
            'rdns': False,
            'username': 'user',
-            'password': ''
+            'password': '',
        }),
        ('socks4://u%40ser:pa%20ss@127.0.0.1:1080', {
            'proxytype': ProxyType.SOCKS4,
@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ class TestNetworkingUtils:
            'port': 1080,
            'rdns': False,
            'username': 'u@ser',
-            'password': 'pa ss'
+            'password': 'pa ss',
        }),
        ('socks4a://:pa%20ss@127.0.0.1', {
            'proxytype': ProxyType.SOCKS4A,
@ -78,8 +78,8 @@ class TestNetworkingUtils:
            'port': 1080,
            'rdns': True,
            'username': '',
-            'password': 'pa ss'
-        })
+            'password': 'pa ss',
+        }),
    ])
    def test_make_socks_proxy_opts(self, socks_proxy, expected):
        assert make_socks_proxy_opts(socks_proxy) == expected
--- a/test/test_overwrites.py
+++ b/test/test_overwrites.py
@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ class TestOverwrites(unittest.TestCase):
            [
                sys.executable, 'yt_dlp/__main__.py',
                '-o', 'test.webm',
-                'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jNQXAC9IVRw'
+                'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jNQXAC9IVRw',
            ], cwd=root_dir, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
        sout, serr = outp.communicate()
        self.assertTrue(b'has already been downloaded' in sout)
@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ class TestOverwrites(unittest.TestCase):
            [
                sys.executable, 'yt_dlp/__main__.py', '--yes-overwrites',
                '-o', 'test.webm',
-                'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jNQXAC9IVRw'
+                'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jNQXAC9IVRw',
            ], cwd=root_dir, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
        sout, serr = outp.communicate()
        self.assertTrue(b'has already been downloaded' not in sout)
--- a/test/test_plugins.py
+++ b/test/test_plugins.py
@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ TEST_DATA_DIR = Path(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)), 'testdata')
 sys.path.append(str(TEST_DATA_DIR))
 importlib.invalidate_caches()

+from yt_dlp.utils import Config
 from yt_dlp.plugins import PACKAGE_NAME, directories, load_plugins


@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ class TestPlugins(unittest.TestCase):

        # don't load modules with underscore prefix
        self.assertFalse(
-            f'{PACKAGE_NAME}.extractor._ignore' in sys.modules.keys(),
+            f'{PACKAGE_NAME}.extractor._ignore' in sys.modules,
            'loaded module beginning with underscore')
        self.assertNotIn('IgnorePluginIE', plugins_ie.keys())

@ -68,6 +69,24 @@ class TestPlugins(unittest.TestCase):
            os.remove(zip_path)
            importlib.invalidate_caches()  # reset the import caches

+    def test_plugin_dirs(self):
+        # Internal plugin dirs hack for CLI --plugin-dirs
+        # To be replaced with proper system later
+        custom_plugin_dir = TEST_DATA_DIR / 'plugin_packages'
+        Config._plugin_dirs = [str(custom_plugin_dir)]
+        importlib.invalidate_caches()  # reset the import caches
+
+        try:
+            package = importlib.import_module(f'{PACKAGE_NAME}.extractor')
+            self.assertIn(custom_plugin_dir / 'testpackage' / PACKAGE_NAME / 'extractor', map(Path, package.__path__))
+
+            plugins_ie = load_plugins('extractor', 'IE')
+            self.assertIn('PackagePluginIE', plugins_ie.keys())
+
+        finally:
+            Config._plugin_dirs = []
+            importlib.invalidate_caches()  # reset the import caches
+

 if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()
--- a/test/test_post_hooks.py
+++ b/test/test_post_hooks.py
@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ class TestPostHooks(unittest.TestCase):

    def hook_three(self, filename):
        self.files.append(filename)
-        raise Exception('Test exception for \'%s\'' % filename)
+        raise Exception(f'Test exception for \'{filename}\'')

    def tearDown(self):
        for f in self.files:
--- a/test/test_postprocessors.py
+++ b/test/test_postprocessors.py
@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))


 from yt_dlp import YoutubeDL
-from yt_dlp.compat import compat_shlex_quote
+from yt_dlp.utils import shell_quote
 from yt_dlp.postprocessor import (
    ExecPP,
    FFmpegThumbnailsConvertorPP,
@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ class TestExec(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_parse_cmd(self):
        pp = ExecPP(YoutubeDL(), '')
        info = {'filepath': 'file name'}
-        cmd = 'echo %s' % compat_shlex_quote(info['filepath'])
+        cmd = 'echo {}'.format(shell_quote(info['filepath']))

        self.assertEqual(pp.parse_cmd('echo', info), cmd)
        self.assertEqual(pp.parse_cmd('echo {}', info), cmd)
@ -125,7 +125,8 @@ class TestModifyChaptersPP(unittest.TestCase):
        self._remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_test_impl(chapters, chapters, [])

    def test_remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_ChapterWithSponsors(self):
-        chapters = self._chapters([70], ['c']) + [
+        chapters = [
+            *self._chapters([70], ['c']),
            self._sponsor_chapter(10, 20, 'sponsor'),
            self._sponsor_chapter(30, 40, 'preview'),
            self._sponsor_chapter(50, 60, 'filler')]
@ -136,7 +137,8 @@ class TestModifyChaptersPP(unittest.TestCase):
        self._remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_test_impl(chapters, expected, [])

    def test_remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_SponsorBlockChapters(self):
-        chapters = self._chapters([70], ['c']) + [
+        chapters = [
+            *self._chapters([70], ['c']),
            self._sponsor_chapter(10, 20, 'chapter', title='sb c1'),
            self._sponsor_chapter(15, 16, 'chapter', title='sb c2'),
            self._sponsor_chapter(30, 40, 'preview'),
@ -149,10 +151,14 @@ class TestModifyChaptersPP(unittest.TestCase):
        self._remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_test_impl(chapters, expected, [])

    def test_remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_UniqueNamesForOverlappingSponsors(self):
-        chapters = self._chapters([120], ['c']) + [
-            self._sponsor_chapter(10, 45, 'sponsor'), self._sponsor_chapter(20, 40, 'selfpromo'),
-            self._sponsor_chapter(50, 70, 'sponsor'), self._sponsor_chapter(60, 85, 'selfpromo'),
-            self._sponsor_chapter(90, 120, 'selfpromo'), self._sponsor_chapter(100, 110, 'sponsor')]
+        chapters = [
+            *self._chapters([120], ['c']),
+            self._sponsor_chapter(10, 45, 'sponsor'),
+            self._sponsor_chapter(20, 40, 'selfpromo'),
+            self._sponsor_chapter(50, 70, 'sponsor'),
+            self._sponsor_chapter(60, 85, 'selfpromo'),
+            self._sponsor_chapter(90, 120, 'selfpromo'),
+            self._sponsor_chapter(100, 110, 'sponsor')]
        expected = self._chapters(
            [10, 20, 40, 45, 50, 60, 70, 85, 90, 100, 110, 120],
            ['c', '[SponsorBlock]: Sponsor', '[SponsorBlock]: Sponsor, Unpaid/Self Promotion',
@ -172,7 +178,8 @@ class TestModifyChaptersPP(unittest.TestCase):
            chapters, self._chapters([40], ['c']), cuts)

    def test_remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_ChapterWithSponsorsAndCuts(self):
-        chapters = self._chapters([70], ['c']) + [
+        chapters = [
+            *self._chapters([70], ['c']),
            self._sponsor_chapter(10, 20, 'sponsor'),
            self._sponsor_chapter(30, 40, 'selfpromo', remove=True),
            self._sponsor_chapter(50, 60, 'interaction')]
@ -185,24 +192,29 @@ class TestModifyChaptersPP(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_ChapterWithSponsorCutInTheMiddle(self):
        cuts = [self._sponsor_chapter(20, 30, 'selfpromo', remove=True),
                self._chapter(40, 50, remove=True)]
-        chapters = self._chapters([70], ['c']) + [self._sponsor_chapter(10, 60, 'sponsor')] + cuts
+        chapters = [
+            *self._chapters([70], ['c']),
+            self._sponsor_chapter(10, 60, 'sponsor'),
+            *cuts]
        expected = self._chapters(
            [10, 40, 50], ['c', '[SponsorBlock]: Sponsor', 'c'])
        self._remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_test_impl(chapters, expected, cuts)

    def test_remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_ChapterWithCutHidingSponsor(self):
        cuts = [self._sponsor_chapter(20, 50, 'selfpromo', remove=True)]
-        chapters = self._chapters([60], ['c']) + [
+        chapters = [
+            *self._chapters([60], ['c']),
            self._sponsor_chapter(10, 20, 'intro'),
            self._sponsor_chapter(30, 40, 'sponsor'),
            self._sponsor_chapter(50, 60, 'outro'),
-        ] + cuts
+            *cuts]
        expected = self._chapters(
            [10, 20, 30], ['c', '[SponsorBlock]: Intermission/Intro Animation', '[SponsorBlock]: Endcards/Credits'])
        self._remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_test_impl(chapters, expected, cuts)

    def test_remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_ChapterWithAdjacentSponsors(self):
-        chapters = self._chapters([70], ['c']) + [
+        chapters = [
+            *self._chapters([70], ['c']),
            self._sponsor_chapter(10, 20, 'sponsor'),
            self._sponsor_chapter(20, 30, 'selfpromo'),
            self._sponsor_chapter(30, 40, 'interaction')]
@ -213,7 +225,8 @@ class TestModifyChaptersPP(unittest.TestCase):
        self._remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_test_impl(chapters, expected, [])

    def test_remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_ChapterWithAdjacentCuts(self):
-        chapters = self._chapters([70], ['c']) + [
+        chapters = [
+            *self._chapters([70], ['c']),
            self._sponsor_chapter(10, 20, 'sponsor'),
            self._sponsor_chapter(20, 30, 'interaction', remove=True),
            self._chapter(30, 40, remove=True),
@ -226,7 +239,8 @@ class TestModifyChaptersPP(unittest.TestCase):
            chapters, expected, [self._chapter(20, 50, remove=True)])

    def test_remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_ChapterWithOverlappingSponsors(self):
-        chapters = self._chapters([70], ['c']) + [
+        chapters = [
+            *self._chapters([70], ['c']),
            self._sponsor_chapter(10, 30, 'sponsor'),
            self._sponsor_chapter(20, 50, 'selfpromo'),
            self._sponsor_chapter(40, 60, 'interaction')]
@ -238,7 +252,8 @@ class TestModifyChaptersPP(unittest.TestCase):
        self._remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_test_impl(chapters, expected, [])

    def test_remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_ChapterWithOverlappingCuts(self):
-        chapters = self._chapters([70], ['c']) + [
+        chapters = [
+            *self._chapters([70], ['c']),
            self._sponsor_chapter(10, 30, 'sponsor', remove=True),
            self._sponsor_chapter(20, 50, 'selfpromo', remove=True),
            self._sponsor_chapter(40, 60, 'interaction', remove=True)]
@ -246,7 +261,8 @@ class TestModifyChaptersPP(unittest.TestCase):
            chapters, self._chapters([20], ['c']), [self._chapter(10, 60, remove=True)])

    def test_remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_ChapterWithRunsOfOverlappingSponsors(self):
-        chapters = self._chapters([170], ['c']) + [
+        chapters = [
+            *self._chapters([170], ['c']),
            self._sponsor_chapter(0, 30, 'intro'),
            self._sponsor_chapter(20, 50, 'sponsor'),
            self._sponsor_chapter(40, 60, 'selfpromo'),
@ -267,7 +283,8 @@ class TestModifyChaptersPP(unittest.TestCase):
        self._remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_test_impl(chapters, expected, [])

    def test_remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_ChapterWithRunsOfOverlappingCuts(self):
-        chapters = self._chapters([170], ['c']) + [
+        chapters = [
+            *self._chapters([170], ['c']),
            self._chapter(0, 30, remove=True),
            self._sponsor_chapter(20, 50, 'sponsor', remove=True),
            self._chapter(40, 60, remove=True),
@ -284,7 +301,8 @@ class TestModifyChaptersPP(unittest.TestCase):
            chapters, self._chapters([20], ['c']), expected_cuts)

    def test_remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_OverlappingSponsorsDifferentTitlesAfterCut(self):
-        chapters = self._chapters([60], ['c']) + [
+        chapters = [
+            *self._chapters([60], ['c']),
            self._sponsor_chapter(10, 60, 'sponsor'),
            self._sponsor_chapter(10, 40, 'intro'),
            self._sponsor_chapter(30, 50, 'interaction'),
@ -297,7 +315,8 @@ class TestModifyChaptersPP(unittest.TestCase):
            chapters, expected, [self._chapter(30, 50, remove=True)])

    def test_remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_SponsorsNoLongerOverlapAfterCut(self):
-        chapters = self._chapters([70], ['c']) + [
+        chapters = [
+            *self._chapters([70], ['c']),
            self._sponsor_chapter(10, 30, 'sponsor'),
            self._sponsor_chapter(20, 50, 'interaction'),
            self._sponsor_chapter(30, 50, 'selfpromo', remove=True),
@ -310,7 +329,8 @@ class TestModifyChaptersPP(unittest.TestCase):
            chapters, expected, [self._chapter(30, 50, remove=True)])

    def test_remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_SponsorsStillOverlapAfterCut(self):
-        chapters = self._chapters([70], ['c']) + [
+        chapters = [
+            *self._chapters([70], ['c']),
            self._sponsor_chapter(10, 60, 'sponsor'),
            self._sponsor_chapter(20, 60, 'interaction'),
            self._sponsor_chapter(30, 50, 'selfpromo', remove=True)]
@ -321,7 +341,8 @@ class TestModifyChaptersPP(unittest.TestCase):
            chapters, expected, [self._chapter(30, 50, remove=True)])

    def test_remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_ChapterWithRunsOfOverlappingSponsorsAndCuts(self):
-        chapters = self._chapters([200], ['c']) + [
+        chapters = [
+            *self._chapters([200], ['c']),
            self._sponsor_chapter(10, 40, 'sponsor'),
            self._sponsor_chapter(10, 30, 'intro'),
            self._chapter(20, 30, remove=True),
@ -347,8 +368,9 @@ class TestModifyChaptersPP(unittest.TestCase):
        self._remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_test_impl(chapters, expected, expected_cuts)

    def test_remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_SponsorOverlapsMultipleChapters(self):
-        chapters = (self._chapters([20, 40, 60, 80, 100], ['c1', 'c2', 'c3', 'c4', 'c5'])
-                    + [self._sponsor_chapter(10, 90, 'sponsor')])
+        chapters = [
+            *self._chapters([20, 40, 60, 80, 100], ['c1', 'c2', 'c3', 'c4', 'c5']),
+            self._sponsor_chapter(10, 90, 'sponsor')]
        expected = self._chapters([10, 90, 100], ['c1', '[SponsorBlock]: Sponsor', 'c5'])
        self._remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_test_impl(chapters, expected, [])

@ -359,9 +381,10 @@ class TestModifyChaptersPP(unittest.TestCase):
        self._remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_test_impl(chapters, expected, cuts)

    def test_remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_SponsorsWithinSomeChaptersAndOverlappingOthers(self):
-        chapters = (self._chapters([10, 40, 60, 80], ['c1', 'c2', 'c3', 'c4'])
-                    + [self._sponsor_chapter(20, 30, 'sponsor'),
-                       self._sponsor_chapter(50, 70, 'selfpromo')])
+        chapters = [
+            *self._chapters([10, 40, 60, 80], ['c1', 'c2', 'c3', 'c4']),
+            self._sponsor_chapter(20, 30, 'sponsor'),
+            self._sponsor_chapter(50, 70, 'selfpromo')]
        expected = self._chapters([10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 70, 80],
                                  ['c1', 'c2', '[SponsorBlock]: Sponsor', 'c2', 'c3',
                                   '[SponsorBlock]: Unpaid/Self Promotion', 'c4'])
@ -374,8 +397,9 @@ class TestModifyChaptersPP(unittest.TestCase):
        self._remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_test_impl(chapters, expected, cuts)

    def test_remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_ChaptersAfterLastSponsor(self):
-        chapters = (self._chapters([20, 40, 50, 60], ['c1', 'c2', 'c3', 'c4'])
-                    + [self._sponsor_chapter(10, 30, 'music_offtopic')])
+        chapters = [
+            *self._chapters([20, 40, 50, 60], ['c1', 'c2', 'c3', 'c4']),
+            self._sponsor_chapter(10, 30, 'music_offtopic')]
        expected = self._chapters(
            [10, 30, 40, 50, 60],
            ['c1', '[SponsorBlock]: Non-Music Section', 'c2', 'c3', 'c4'])
@ -388,8 +412,9 @@ class TestModifyChaptersPP(unittest.TestCase):
        self._remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_test_impl(chapters, expected, cuts)

    def test_remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_SponsorStartsAtChapterStart(self):
-        chapters = (self._chapters([10, 20, 40], ['c1', 'c2', 'c3'])
-                    + [self._sponsor_chapter(20, 30, 'sponsor')])
+        chapters = [
+            *self._chapters([10, 20, 40], ['c1', 'c2', 'c3']),
+            self._sponsor_chapter(20, 30, 'sponsor')]
        expected = self._chapters([10, 20, 30, 40], ['c1', 'c2', '[SponsorBlock]: Sponsor', 'c3'])
        self._remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_test_impl(chapters, expected, [])

@ -400,8 +425,9 @@ class TestModifyChaptersPP(unittest.TestCase):
        self._remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_test_impl(chapters, expected, cuts)

    def test_remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_SponsorEndsAtChapterEnd(self):
-        chapters = (self._chapters([10, 30, 40], ['c1', 'c2', 'c3'])
-                    + [self._sponsor_chapter(20, 30, 'sponsor')])
+        chapters = [
+            *self._chapters([10, 30, 40], ['c1', 'c2', 'c3']),
+            self._sponsor_chapter(20, 30, 'sponsor')]
        expected = self._chapters([10, 20, 30, 40], ['c1', 'c2', '[SponsorBlock]: Sponsor', 'c3'])
        self._remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_test_impl(chapters, expected, [])

@ -412,8 +438,9 @@ class TestModifyChaptersPP(unittest.TestCase):
        self._remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_test_impl(chapters, expected, cuts)

    def test_remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_SponsorCoincidesWithChapters(self):
-        chapters = (self._chapters([10, 20, 30, 40], ['c1', 'c2', 'c3', 'c4'])
-                    + [self._sponsor_chapter(10, 30, 'sponsor')])
+        chapters = [
+            *self._chapters([10, 20, 30, 40], ['c1', 'c2', 'c3', 'c4']),
+            self._sponsor_chapter(10, 30, 'sponsor')]
        expected = self._chapters([10, 30, 40], ['c1', '[SponsorBlock]: Sponsor', 'c4'])
        self._remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_test_impl(chapters, expected, [])

@ -424,8 +451,9 @@ class TestModifyChaptersPP(unittest.TestCase):
        self._remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_test_impl(chapters, expected, cuts)

    def test_remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_SponsorsAtVideoBoundaries(self):
-        chapters = (self._chapters([20, 40, 60], ['c1', 'c2', 'c3'])
-                    + [self._sponsor_chapter(0, 10, 'intro'), self._sponsor_chapter(50, 60, 'outro')])
+        chapters = [
+            *self._chapters([20, 40, 60], ['c1', 'c2', 'c3']),
+            self._sponsor_chapter(0, 10, 'intro'), self._sponsor_chapter(50, 60, 'outro')]
        expected = self._chapters(
            [10, 20, 40, 50, 60], ['[SponsorBlock]: Intermission/Intro Animation', 'c1', 'c2', 'c3', '[SponsorBlock]: Endcards/Credits'])
        self._remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_test_impl(chapters, expected, [])
@ -437,8 +465,10 @@ class TestModifyChaptersPP(unittest.TestCase):
        self._remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_test_impl(chapters, expected, cuts)

    def test_remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_SponsorsOverlapChaptersAtVideoBoundaries(self):
-        chapters = (self._chapters([10, 40, 50], ['c1', 'c2', 'c3'])
-                    + [self._sponsor_chapter(0, 20, 'intro'), self._sponsor_chapter(30, 50, 'outro')])
+        chapters = [
+            *self._chapters([10, 40, 50], ['c1', 'c2', 'c3']),
+            self._sponsor_chapter(0, 20, 'intro'),
+            self._sponsor_chapter(30, 50, 'outro')]
        expected = self._chapters(
            [20, 30, 50], ['[SponsorBlock]: Intermission/Intro Animation', 'c2', '[SponsorBlock]: Endcards/Credits'])
        self._remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_test_impl(chapters, expected, [])
@ -450,8 +480,10 @@ class TestModifyChaptersPP(unittest.TestCase):
        self._remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_test_impl(chapters, expected, cuts)

    def test_remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_EverythingSponsored(self):
-        chapters = (self._chapters([10, 20, 30, 40], ['c1', 'c2', 'c3', 'c4'])
-                    + [self._sponsor_chapter(0, 20, 'intro'), self._sponsor_chapter(20, 40, 'outro')])
+        chapters = [
+            *self._chapters([10, 20, 30, 40], ['c1', 'c2', 'c3', 'c4']),
+            self._sponsor_chapter(0, 20, 'intro'),
+            self._sponsor_chapter(20, 40, 'outro')]
        expected = self._chapters([20, 40], ['[SponsorBlock]: Intermission/Intro Animation', '[SponsorBlock]: Endcards/Credits'])
        self._remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_test_impl(chapters, expected, [])

@ -491,38 +523,39 @@ class TestModifyChaptersPP(unittest.TestCase):
            chapters, self._chapters([2.5], ['c2']), cuts)

    def test_remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_TinyChaptersResultingFromSponsorOverlapAreIgnored(self):
-        chapters = self._chapters([1, 3, 4], ['c1', 'c2', 'c3']) + [
+        chapters = [
+            *self._chapters([1, 3, 4], ['c1', 'c2', 'c3']),
            self._sponsor_chapter(1.5, 2.5, 'sponsor')]
        self._remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_test_impl(
            chapters, self._chapters([1.5, 2.5, 4], ['c1', '[SponsorBlock]: Sponsor', 'c3']), [])

    def test_remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_TinySponsorsOverlapsAreIgnored(self):
-        chapters = self._chapters([2, 3, 5], ['c1', 'c2', 'c3']) + [
+        chapters = [
+            *self._chapters([2, 3, 5], ['c1', 'c2', 'c3']),
            self._sponsor_chapter(1, 3, 'sponsor'),
-            self._sponsor_chapter(2.5, 4, 'selfpromo')
-        ]
+            self._sponsor_chapter(2.5, 4, 'selfpromo')]
        self._remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_test_impl(
            chapters, self._chapters([1, 3, 4, 5], [
                'c1', '[SponsorBlock]: Sponsor', '[SponsorBlock]: Unpaid/Self Promotion', 'c3']), [])

    def test_remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_TinySponsorsPrependedToTheNextSponsor(self):
-        chapters = self._chapters([4], ['c']) + [
+        chapters = [
+            *self._chapters([4], ['c']),
            self._sponsor_chapter(1.5, 2, 'sponsor'),
-            self._sponsor_chapter(2, 4, 'selfpromo')
-        ]
+            self._sponsor_chapter(2, 4, 'selfpromo')]
        self._remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_test_impl(
            chapters, self._chapters([1.5, 4], ['c', '[SponsorBlock]: Unpaid/Self Promotion']), [])

    def test_remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_SmallestSponsorInTheOverlapGetsNamed(self):
        self._pp._sponsorblock_chapter_title = '[SponsorBlock]: %(name)s'
-        chapters = self._chapters([10], ['c']) + [
+        chapters = [
+            *self._chapters([10], ['c']),
            self._sponsor_chapter(2, 8, 'sponsor'),
-            self._sponsor_chapter(4, 6, 'selfpromo')
-        ]
+            self._sponsor_chapter(4, 6, 'selfpromo')]
        self._remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_test_impl(
            chapters, self._chapters([2, 4, 6, 8, 10], [
                'c', '[SponsorBlock]: Sponsor', '[SponsorBlock]: Unpaid/Self Promotion',
-                '[SponsorBlock]: Sponsor', 'c'
+                '[SponsorBlock]: Sponsor', 'c',
            ]), [])

    def test_make_concat_opts_CommonCase(self):
--- a/test/test_socks.py
+++ b/test/test_socks.py
@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ class Socks5ProxyHandler(StreamRequestHandler, SocksProxyHandler):
            return

        elif Socks5Auth.AUTH_USER_PASS in methods:
-            self.connection.sendall(struct.pack("!BB", SOCKS5_VERSION, Socks5Auth.AUTH_USER_PASS))
+            self.connection.sendall(struct.pack('!BB', SOCKS5_VERSION, Socks5Auth.AUTH_USER_PASS))

            _, user_len = struct.unpack('!BB', self.connection.recv(2))
            username = self.connection.recv(user_len).decode()
@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ class Socks4ProxyHandler(StreamRequestHandler, SocksProxyHandler):
        if 0x0 < dest_ip <= 0xFF:
            use_remote_dns = True
        else:
-            socks_info['ipv4_address'] = socket.inet_ntoa(struct.pack("!I", dest_ip))
+            socks_info['ipv4_address'] = socket.inet_ntoa(struct.pack('!I', dest_ip))

        user_id = self._read_until_null().decode()
        if user_id != (self.socks_kwargs.get('user_id') or ''):
@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ def ctx(request):
        ('Urllib', 'http'),
        ('Requests', 'http'),
        ('Websockets', 'ws'),
-        ('CurlCFFI', 'http')
+        ('CurlCFFI', 'http'),
    ], indirect=True)
 class TestSocks4Proxy:
    def test_socks4_no_auth(self, handler, ctx):
@ -366,7 +366,7 @@ class TestSocks4Proxy:
        ('Urllib', 'http'),
        ('Requests', 'http'),
        ('Websockets', 'ws'),
-        ('CurlCFFI', 'http')
+        ('CurlCFFI', 'http'),
    ], indirect=True)
 class TestSocks5Proxy:

--- a/test/test_subtitles.py
+++ b/test/test_subtitles.py
@ -40,12 +40,11 @@ class BaseTestSubtitles(unittest.TestCase):
        self.ie = self.IE()
        self.DL.add_info_extractor(self.ie)
        if not self.IE.working():
-            print('Skipping: %s marked as not _WORKING' % self.IE.ie_key())
+            print(f'Skipping: {self.IE.ie_key()} marked as not _WORKING')
            self.skipTest('IE marked as not _WORKING')

    def getInfoDict(self):
-        info_dict = self.DL.extract_info(self.url, download=False)
-        return info_dict
+        return self.DL.extract_info(self.url, download=False)

    def getSubtitles(self):
        info_dict = self.getInfoDict()
@ -87,7 +86,7 @@ class TestYoutubeSubtitles(BaseTestSubtitles):
        self.assertEqual(md5(subtitles['en']), 'ae1bd34126571a77aabd4d276b28044d')
        self.assertEqual(md5(subtitles['it']), '0e0b667ba68411d88fd1c5f4f4eab2f9')
        for lang in ['fr', 'de']:
-            self.assertTrue(subtitles.get(lang) is not None, 'Subtitles for \'%s\' not extracted' % lang)
+            self.assertTrue(subtitles.get(lang) is not None, f'Subtitles for \'{lang}\' not extracted')

    def _test_subtitles_format(self, fmt, md5_hash, lang='en'):
        self.DL.params['writesubtitles'] = True
@ -157,7 +156,7 @@ class TestDailymotionSubtitles(BaseTestSubtitles):
        self.assertEqual(md5(subtitles['en']), '976553874490cba125086bbfea3ff76f')
        self.assertEqual(md5(subtitles['fr']), '594564ec7d588942e384e920e5341792')
        for lang in ['es', 'fr', 'de']:
-            self.assertTrue(subtitles.get(lang) is not None, 'Subtitles for \'%s\' not extracted' % lang)
+            self.assertTrue(subtitles.get(lang) is not None, f'Subtitles for \'{lang}\' not extracted')

    def test_nosubtitles(self):
        self.DL.expect_warning('video doesn\'t have subtitles')
@ -182,7 +181,7 @@ class TestTedSubtitles(BaseTestSubtitles):
        self.assertEqual(md5(subtitles['en']), '4262c1665ff928a2dada178f62cb8d14')
        self.assertEqual(md5(subtitles['fr']), '66a63f7f42c97a50f8c0e90bc7797bb5')
        for lang in ['es', 'fr', 'de']:
-            self.assertTrue(subtitles.get(lang) is not None, 'Subtitles for \'%s\' not extracted' % lang)
+            self.assertTrue(subtitles.get(lang) is not None, f'Subtitles for \'{lang}\' not extracted')


@is_download_test
--- a/test/test_traversal.py
+++ b/test/test_traversal.py
@ -4,8 +4,23 @@ import xml.etree.ElementTree

 import pytest

-from yt_dlp.utils import dict_get, int_or_none, str_or_none
-from yt_dlp.utils.traversal import traverse_obj
+from yt_dlp.utils import (
+    ExtractorError,
+    determine_ext,
+    dict_get,
+    int_or_none,
+    join_nonempty,
+    str_or_none,
+)
+from yt_dlp.utils.traversal import (
+    find_element,
+    find_elements,
+    require,
+    subs_list_to_dict,
+    traverse_obj,
+    trim_str,
+    unpack,
+)

 _TEST_DATA = {
    100: 100,
@ -24,6 +39,14 @@ _TEST_DATA = {
    'dict': {},
 }

+_TEST_HTML = '''<html><body>
+    <div class="a">1</div>
+    <div class="a" id="x" custom="z">2</div>
+    <div class="b" data-id="y" custom="z">3</div>
+    <p class="a">4</p>
+    <p id="d" custom="e">5</p>
+</body></html>'''
+

 class TestTraversal:
    def test_traversal_base(self):
@ -31,7 +54,7 @@ class TestTraversal:
            'allow tuple path'
        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, ['str']) == 'str', \
            'allow list path'
-        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, (value for value in ("str",))) == 'str', \
+        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, (value for value in ('str',))) == 'str', \
            'allow iterable path'
        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, 'str') == 'str', \
            'single items should be treated as a path'
@ -70,7 +93,7 @@ class TestTraversal:

    def test_traversal_set(self):
        # transformation/type, like `expected_type`
-        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, (..., {str.upper}, )) == ['STR'], \
+        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, (..., {str.upper})) == ['STR'], \
            'Function in set should be a transformation'
        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, (..., {str})) == ['str'], \
            'Type in set should be a type filter'
@ -276,7 +299,7 @@ class TestTraversal:
            '`...` should result in string (same value) if `traverse_string`'
        assert traverse_obj(_TRAVERSE_STRING_DATA, ('str', slice(0, None, 2)), traverse_string=True) == 'sr', \
            '`slice` should result in string if `traverse_string`'
-        assert traverse_obj(_TRAVERSE_STRING_DATA, ('str', lambda i, v: i or v == "s"), traverse_string=True) == 'str', \
+        assert traverse_obj(_TRAVERSE_STRING_DATA, ('str', lambda i, v: i or v == 's'), traverse_string=True) == 'str', \
            'function should result in string if `traverse_string`'
        assert traverse_obj(_TRAVERSE_STRING_DATA, ('str', (0, 2)), traverse_string=True) == ['s', 'r'], \
            'branching should result in list if `traverse_string`'
@ -420,6 +443,186 @@ class TestTraversal:
        assert traverse_obj(morsel, [(None,), any]) == morsel, \
            'Morsel should not be implicitly changed to dict on usage'

+    def test_traversal_filter(self):
+        data = [None, False, True, 0, 1, 0.0, 1.1, '', 'str', {}, {0: 0}, [], [1]]
+
+        assert traverse_obj(data, [..., filter]) == [True, 1, 1.1, 'str', {0: 0}, [1]], \
+            '`filter` should filter falsy values'
+
+
+class TestTraversalHelpers:
+    def test_traversal_require(self):
+        with pytest.raises(ExtractorError):
+            traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, ['None', {require('value')}])
+        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, ['str', {require('value')}]) == 'str', \
+            '`require` should pass through non `None` values'
+
+    def test_subs_list_to_dict(self):
+        assert traverse_obj([
+            {'name': 'de', 'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de.vtt'},
+            {'name': 'en', 'url': 'https://example.com/subs/en1.ass'},
+            {'name': 'en', 'url': 'https://example.com/subs/en2.ass'},
+        ], [..., {
+            'id': 'name',
+            'url': 'url',
+        }, all, {subs_list_to_dict}]) == {
+            'de': [{'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de.vtt'}],
+            'en': [
+                {'url': 'https://example.com/subs/en1.ass'},
+                {'url': 'https://example.com/subs/en2.ass'},
+            ],
+        }, 'function should build subtitle dict from list of subtitles'
+        assert traverse_obj([
+            {'name': 'de', 'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de.ass'},
+            {'name': 'de'},
+            {'name': 'en', 'content': 'content'},
+            {'url': 'https://example.com/subs/en'},
+        ], [..., {
+            'id': 'name',
+            'data': 'content',
+            'url': 'url',
+        }, all, {subs_list_to_dict(lang=None)}]) == {
+            'de': [{'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de.ass'}],
+            'en': [{'data': 'content'}],
+        }, 'subs with mandatory items missing should be filtered'
+        assert traverse_obj([
+            {'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de.ass', 'name': 'de'},
+            {'url': 'https://example.com/subs/en', 'name': 'en'},
+        ], [..., {
+            'id': 'name',
+            'ext': ['url', {determine_ext(default_ext=None)}],
+            'url': 'url',
+        }, all, {subs_list_to_dict(ext='ext')}]) == {
+            'de': [{'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de.ass', 'ext': 'ass'}],
+            'en': [{'url': 'https://example.com/subs/en', 'ext': 'ext'}],
+        }, '`ext` should set default ext but leave existing value untouched'
+        assert traverse_obj([
+            {'name': 'en', 'url': 'https://example.com/subs/en2', 'prio': True},
+            {'name': 'en', 'url': 'https://example.com/subs/en1', 'prio': False},
+        ], [..., {
+            'id': 'name',
+            'quality': ['prio', {int}],
+            'url': 'url',
+        }, all, {subs_list_to_dict(ext='ext')}]) == {'en': [
+            {'url': 'https://example.com/subs/en1', 'ext': 'ext'},
+            {'url': 'https://example.com/subs/en2', 'ext': 'ext'},
+        ]}, '`quality` key should sort subtitle list accordingly'
+        assert traverse_obj([
+            {'name': 'de', 'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de.ass'},
+            {'name': 'de'},
+            {'name': 'en', 'content': 'content'},
+            {'url': 'https://example.com/subs/en'},
+        ], [..., {
+            'id': 'name',
+            'url': 'url',
+            'data': 'content',
+        }, all, {subs_list_to_dict(lang='en')}]) == {
+            'de': [{'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de.ass'}],
+            'en': [
+                {'data': 'content'},
+                {'url': 'https://example.com/subs/en'},
+            ],
+        }, 'optionally provided lang should be used if no id available'
+        assert traverse_obj([
+            {'name': 1, 'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de1'},
+            {'name': {}, 'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de2'},
+            {'name': 'de', 'ext': 1, 'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de3'},
+            {'name': 'de', 'ext': {}, 'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de4'},
+        ], [..., {
+            'id': 'name',
+            'url': 'url',
+            'ext': 'ext',
+        }, all, {subs_list_to_dict(lang=None)}]) == {
+            'de': [
+                {'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de3'},
+                {'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de4'},
+            ],
+        }, 'non str types should be ignored for id and ext'
+        assert traverse_obj([
+            {'name': 1, 'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de1'},
+            {'name': {}, 'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de2'},
+            {'name': 'de', 'ext': 1, 'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de3'},
+            {'name': 'de', 'ext': {}, 'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de4'},
+        ], [..., {
+            'id': 'name',
+            'url': 'url',
+            'ext': 'ext',
+        }, all, {subs_list_to_dict(lang='de')}]) == {
+            'de': [
+                {'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de1'},
+                {'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de2'},
+                {'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de3'},
+                {'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de4'},
+            ],
+        }, 'non str types should be replaced by default id'
+
+    def test_trim_str(self):
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            trim_str('positional')
+
+        assert callable(trim_str(start='a'))
+        assert trim_str(start='ab')('abc') == 'c'
+        assert trim_str(end='bc')('abc') == 'a'
+        assert trim_str(start='a', end='c')('abc') == 'b'
+        assert trim_str(start='ab', end='c')('abc') == ''
+        assert trim_str(start='a', end='bc')('abc') == ''
+        assert trim_str(start='ab', end='bc')('abc') == ''
+        assert trim_str(start='abc', end='abc')('abc') == ''
+        assert trim_str(start='', end='')('abc') == 'abc'
+
+    def test_unpack(self):
+        assert unpack(lambda *x: ''.join(map(str, x)))([1, 2, 3]) == '123'
+        assert unpack(join_nonempty)([1, 2, 3]) == '1-2-3'
+        assert unpack(join_nonempty, delim=' ')([1, 2, 3]) == '1 2 3'
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            unpack(join_nonempty)()
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            unpack()
+
+    def test_find_element(self):
+        for improper_kwargs in [
+            dict(attr='data-id'),
+            dict(value='y'),
+            dict(attr='data-id', value='y', cls='a'),
+            dict(attr='data-id', value='y', id='x'),
+            dict(cls='a', id='x'),
+            dict(cls='a', tag='p'),
+            dict(cls='[ab]', regex=True),
+        ]:
+            with pytest.raises(AssertionError):
+                find_element(**improper_kwargs)(_TEST_HTML)
+
+        assert find_element(cls='a')(_TEST_HTML) == '1'
+        assert find_element(cls='a', html=True)(_TEST_HTML) == '<div class="a">1</div>'
+        assert find_element(id='x')(_TEST_HTML) == '2'
+        assert find_element(id='[ex]')(_TEST_HTML) is None
+        assert find_element(id='[ex]', regex=True)(_TEST_HTML) == '2'
+        assert find_element(id='x', html=True)(_TEST_HTML) == '<div class="a" id="x" custom="z">2</div>'
+        assert find_element(attr='data-id', value='y')(_TEST_HTML) == '3'
+        assert find_element(attr='data-id', value='y(?:es)?')(_TEST_HTML) is None
+        assert find_element(attr='data-id', value='y(?:es)?', regex=True)(_TEST_HTML) == '3'
+        assert find_element(
+            attr='data-id', value='y', html=True)(_TEST_HTML) == '<div class="b" data-id="y" custom="z">3</div>'
+
+    def test_find_elements(self):
+        for improper_kwargs in [
+            dict(tag='p'),
+            dict(attr='data-id'),
+            dict(value='y'),
+            dict(attr='data-id', value='y', cls='a'),
+            dict(cls='a', tag='div'),
+            dict(cls='[ab]', regex=True),
+        ]:
+            with pytest.raises(AssertionError):
+                find_elements(**improper_kwargs)(_TEST_HTML)
+
+        assert find_elements(cls='a')(_TEST_HTML) == ['1', '2', '4']
+        assert find_elements(cls='a', html=True)(_TEST_HTML) == [
+            '<div class="a">1</div>', '<div class="a" id="x" custom="z">2</div>', '<p class="a">4</p>']
+        assert find_elements(attr='custom', value='z')(_TEST_HTML) == ['2', '3']
+        assert find_elements(attr='custom', value='[ez]')(_TEST_HTML) == []
+        assert find_elements(attr='custom', value='[ez]', regex=True)(_TEST_HTML) == ['2', '3', '5']
+

 class TestDictGet:
    def test_dict_get(self):
--- a/test/test_update.py
+++ b/test/test_update.py
@ -78,32 +78,48 @@ TEST_API_DATA = {

 TEST_LOCKFILE_COMMENT = '# This file is used for regulating self-update'

-TEST_LOCKFILE_V1 = r'''%s
+TEST_LOCKFILE_V1 = rf'''{TEST_LOCKFILE_COMMENT}
 lock 2022.08.18.36 .+ Python 3\.6
 lock 2023.11.16 (?!win_x86_exe).+ Python 3\.7
 lock 2023.11.16 win_x86_exe .+ Windows-(?:Vista|2008Server)
-''' % TEST_LOCKFILE_COMMENT
+lock 2024.10.22 py2exe .+
+lock 2024.10.22 linux_(?:armv7l|aarch64)_exe .+-glibc2\.(?:[12]?\d|30)\b
+lock 2024.10.22 (?!\w+_exe).+ Python 3\.8
+lock 2024.10.22 win(?:_x86)?_exe Python 3\.[78].+ Windows-(?:7-|2008ServerR2)
+'''

 TEST_LOCKFILE_V2_TMPL = r'''%s
 lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp 2022.08.18.36 .+ Python 3\.6
 lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp 2023.11.16 (?!win_x86_exe).+ Python 3\.7
 lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp 2023.11.16 win_x86_exe .+ Windows-(?:Vista|2008Server)
+lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp 2024.10.22 py2exe .+
+lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp 2024.10.22 linux_(?:armv7l|aarch64)_exe .+-glibc2\.(?:[12]?\d|30)\b
+lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp 2024.10.22 (?!\w+_exe).+ Python 3\.8
+lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp 2024.10.22 win(?:_x86)?_exe Python 3\.[78].+ Windows-(?:7-|2008ServerR2)
 lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds 2023.11.15.232826 (?!win_x86_exe).+ Python 3\.7
 lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds 2023.11.15.232826 win_x86_exe .+ Windows-(?:Vista|2008Server)
+lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds 2024.10.22.051025 py2exe .+
+lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds 2024.10.22.051025 linux_(?:armv7l|aarch64)_exe .+-glibc2\.(?:[12]?\d|30)\b
+lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds 2024.10.22.051025 (?!\w+_exe).+ Python 3\.8
+lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds 2024.10.22.051025 win(?:_x86)?_exe Python 3\.[78].+ Windows-(?:7-|2008ServerR2)
 lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-master-builds 2023.11.15.232812 (?!win_x86_exe).+ Python 3\.7
 lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-master-builds 2023.11.15.232812 win_x86_exe .+ Windows-(?:Vista|2008Server)
+lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-master-builds 2024.10.22.045052 py2exe .+
+lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-master-builds 2024.10.22.060347 linux_(?:armv7l|aarch64)_exe .+-glibc2\.(?:[12]?\d|30)\b
+lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-master-builds 2024.10.22.060347 (?!\w+_exe).+ Python 3\.8
+lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-master-builds 2024.10.22.060347 win(?:_x86)?_exe Python 3\.[78].+ Windows-(?:7-|2008ServerR2)
 '''

 TEST_LOCKFILE_V2 = TEST_LOCKFILE_V2_TMPL % TEST_LOCKFILE_COMMENT

 TEST_LOCKFILE_ACTUAL = TEST_LOCKFILE_V2_TMPL % TEST_LOCKFILE_V1.rstrip('\n')

-TEST_LOCKFILE_FORK = r'''%s# Test if a fork blocks updates to non-numeric tags
+TEST_LOCKFILE_FORK = rf'''{TEST_LOCKFILE_ACTUAL}# Test if a fork blocks updates to non-numeric tags
 lockV2 fork/yt-dlp pr0000 .+ Python 3.6
 lockV2 fork/yt-dlp pr1234 (?!win_x86_exe).+ Python 3\.7
 lockV2 fork/yt-dlp pr1234 win_x86_exe .+ Windows-(?:Vista|2008Server)
 lockV2 fork/yt-dlp pr9999 .+ Python 3.11
-''' % TEST_LOCKFILE_ACTUAL
+'''


 class FakeUpdater(Updater):
@ -145,43 +161,76 @@ class TestUpdate(unittest.TestCase):
        for lockfile in (TEST_LOCKFILE_V1, TEST_LOCKFILE_V2, TEST_LOCKFILE_ACTUAL, TEST_LOCKFILE_FORK):
            # Normal operation
            test(lockfile, 'zip Python 3.12.0', '2023.12.31', '2023.12.31')
-            test(lockfile, 'zip stable Python 3.12.0', '2023.12.31', '2023.12.31', exact=True)
-            # Python 3.6 --update should update only to its lock
+            test(lockfile, 'zip Python 3.12.0', '2023.12.31', '2023.12.31', exact=True)
+            # py2exe should never update beyond 2024.10.22
+            test(lockfile, 'py2exe Python 3.8', '2025.01.01', '2024.10.22')
+            test(lockfile, 'py2exe Python 3.8', '2025.01.01', None, exact=True)
+            # Python 3.6 --update should update only to the py3.6 lock
            test(lockfile, 'zip Python 3.6.0', '2023.11.16', '2022.08.18.36')
-            # --update-to an exact version later than the lock should return None
-            test(lockfile, 'zip stable Python 3.6.0', '2023.11.16', None, exact=True)
-            # Python 3.7 should be able to update to its lock
+            # Python 3.6 --update-to an exact version later than the py3.6 lock should return None
+            test(lockfile, 'zip Python 3.6.0', '2023.11.16', None, exact=True)
+            # Python 3.7 should be able to update to the py3.7 lock
            test(lockfile, 'zip Python 3.7.0', '2023.11.16', '2023.11.16')
-            test(lockfile, 'zip stable Python 3.7.1', '2023.11.16', '2023.11.16', exact=True)
-            # Non-win_x86_exe builds on py3.7 must be locked
+            test(lockfile, 'zip Python 3.7.1', '2023.11.16', '2023.11.16', exact=True)
+            # Non-win_x86_exe builds on py3.7 must be locked at py3.7 lock
            test(lockfile, 'zip Python 3.7.1', '2023.12.31', '2023.11.16')
-            test(lockfile, 'zip stable Python 3.7.1', '2023.12.31', None, exact=True)
-            test(  # Windows Vista w/ win_x86_exe must be locked
-                lockfile, 'win_x86_exe stable Python 3.7.9 (CPython x86 32bit) - Windows-Vista-6.0.6003-SP2',
+            test(lockfile, 'zip Python 3.7.1', '2023.12.31', None, exact=True)
+            # Python 3.8 should only update to the py3.8 lock
+            test(lockfile, 'zip Python 3.8.10', '2025.01.01', '2024.10.22')
+            test(lockfile, 'zip Python 3.8.110', '2025.01.01', None, exact=True)
+            test(  # Windows Vista w/ win_x86_exe must be locked at Vista lock
+                lockfile, 'win_x86_exe Python 3.7.9 (CPython x86 32bit) - Windows-Vista-6.0.6003-SP2',
                '2023.12.31', '2023.11.16')
-            test(  # Windows 2008Server w/ win_x86_exe must be locked
+            test(  # Windows 2008Server w/ win_x86_exe must be locked at Vista lock
                lockfile, 'win_x86_exe Python 3.7.9 (CPython x86 32bit) - Windows-2008Server',
                '2023.12.31', None, exact=True)
-            test(  # Windows 7 w/ win_x86_exe py3.7 build should be able to update beyond lock
-                lockfile, 'win_x86_exe stable Python 3.7.9 (CPython x86 32bit) - Windows-7-6.1.7601-SP1',
-                '2023.12.31', '2023.12.31')
-            test(  # Windows 8.1 w/ '2008Server' in platform string should be able to update beyond lock
+            test(  # Windows 7 w/ win_x86_exe py3.7 build should be able to update beyond py3.7 lock
+                lockfile, 'win_x86_exe Python 3.7.9 (CPython x86 32bit) - Windows-7-6.1.7601-SP1',
+                '2023.12.31', '2023.12.31', exact=True)
+            test(  # Windows 7 win_x86_exe should only update to Win7 lock
+                lockfile, 'win_x86_exe Python 3.7.9 (CPython x86 32bit) - Windows-7-6.1.7601-SP1',
+                '2025.01.01', '2024.10.22')
+            test(  # Windows 2008ServerR2 win_exe should only update to Win7 lock
+                lockfile, 'win_exe Python 3.8.10 (CPython x86 32bit) - Windows-2008ServerR2',
+                '2025.12.31', '2024.10.22')
+            test(  # Windows 8.1 w/ '2008Server' in platform string should be able to update beyond py3.7 lock
                lockfile, 'win_x86_exe Python 3.7.9 (CPython x86 32bit) - Windows-post2008Server-6.2.9200',
                '2023.12.31', '2023.12.31', exact=True)
+            test(  # win_exe built w/Python 3.8 on Windows>=8 should be able to update beyond py3.8 lock
+                lockfile, 'win_exe Python 3.8.10 (CPython AMD64 64bit) - Windows-10-10.0.20348-SP0',
+                '2025.01.01', '2025.01.01', exact=True)
+            test(  # linux_armv7l_exe w/glibc2.7 should only update to glibc<2.31 lock
+                lockfile, 'linux_armv7l_exe Python 3.8.0 (CPython armv7l 32bit) - Linux-6.5.0-1025-azure-armv7l-with-glibc2.7',
+                '2025.01.01', '2024.10.22')
+            test(  # linux_armv7l_exe w/Python 3.8 and glibc>=2.31 should be able to update beyond py3.8 and glibc<2.31 locks
+                lockfile, 'linux_armv7l_exe Python 3.8.0 (CPython armv7l 32bit) - Linux-6.5.0-1025-azure-armv7l-with-glibc2.31',
+                '2025.01.01', '2025.01.01')
+            test(  # linux_armv7l_exe w/glibc2.30 should only update to glibc<2.31 lock
+                lockfile, 'linux_armv7l_exe Python 3.8.0 (CPython armv7l 64bit) - Linux-6.5.0-1025-azure-aarch64-with-glibc2.30 (OpenSSL',
+                '2025.01.01', '2024.10.22')
+            test(  # linux_aarch64_exe w/glibc2.17 should only update to glibc<2.31 lock
+                lockfile, 'linux_aarch64_exe Python 3.8.0 (CPython aarch64 64bit) - Linux-6.5.0-1025-azure-aarch64-with-glibc2.17',
+                '2025.01.01', '2024.10.22')
+            test(  # linux_aarch64_exe w/glibc2.40 and glibc>=2.31 should be able to update beyond py3.8 and glibc<2.31 locks
+                lockfile, 'linux_aarch64_exe Python 3.8.0 (CPython aarch64 64bit) - Linux-6.5.0-1025-azure-aarch64-with-glibc2.40',
+                '2025.01.01', '2025.01.01')
+            test(  # linux_aarch64_exe w/glibc2.3 should only update to glibc<2.31 lock
+                lockfile, 'linux_aarch64_exe Python 3.8.0 (CPython aarch64 64bit) - Linux-6.5.0-1025-azure-aarch64-with-glibc2.3 (OpenSSL',
+                '2025.01.01', '2024.10.22')

        # Forks can block updates to non-numeric tags rather than lock
        test(TEST_LOCKFILE_FORK, 'zip Python 3.6.3', 'pr0000', None, repo='fork/yt-dlp')
-        test(TEST_LOCKFILE_FORK, 'zip stable Python 3.7.4', 'pr0000', 'pr0000', repo='fork/yt-dlp')
-        test(TEST_LOCKFILE_FORK, 'zip stable Python 3.7.4', 'pr1234', None, repo='fork/yt-dlp')
+        test(TEST_LOCKFILE_FORK, 'zip Python 3.7.4', 'pr0000', 'pr0000', repo='fork/yt-dlp')
+        test(TEST_LOCKFILE_FORK, 'zip Python 3.7.4', 'pr1234', None, repo='fork/yt-dlp')
        test(TEST_LOCKFILE_FORK, 'zip Python 3.8.1', 'pr1234', 'pr1234', repo='fork/yt-dlp', exact=True)
        test(
-            TEST_LOCKFILE_FORK, 'win_x86_exe stable Python 3.7.9 (CPython x86 32bit) - Windows-Vista-6.0.6003-SP2',
+            TEST_LOCKFILE_FORK, 'win_x86_exe Python 3.7.9 (CPython x86 32bit) - Windows-Vista-6.0.6003-SP2',
            'pr1234', None, repo='fork/yt-dlp')
        test(
-            TEST_LOCKFILE_FORK, 'win_x86_exe stable Python 3.7.9 (CPython x86 32bit) - Windows-7-6.1.7601-SP1',
+            TEST_LOCKFILE_FORK, 'win_x86_exe Python 3.7.9 (CPython x86 32bit) - Windows-7-6.1.7601-SP1',
            '2023.12.31', '2023.12.31', repo='fork/yt-dlp')
        test(TEST_LOCKFILE_FORK, 'zip Python 3.11.2', 'pr9999', None, repo='fork/yt-dlp', exact=True)
-        test(TEST_LOCKFILE_FORK, 'zip stable Python 3.12.0', 'pr9999', 'pr9999', repo='fork/yt-dlp')
+        test(TEST_LOCKFILE_FORK, 'zip Python 3.12.0', 'pr9999', 'pr9999', repo='fork/yt-dlp')

    def test_query_update(self):
        ydl = FakeYDL()
--- a/test/test_utils.py
+++ b/test/test_utils.py
@ -4,7 +4,9 @@
 import os
 import sys
 import unittest
+import unittest.mock
 import warnings
+import datetime as dt

 sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))

@ -27,6 +29,7 @@ from yt_dlp.utils import (
    ExtractorError,
    InAdvancePagedList,
    LazyList,
+    NO_DEFAULT,
    OnDemandPagedList,
    Popen,
    age_restricted,
@ -128,6 +131,7 @@ from yt_dlp.utils import (
    xpath_text,
    xpath_with_ns,
 )
+from yt_dlp.utils._utils import _UnsafeExtensionError
 from yt_dlp.utils.networking import (
    HTTPHeaderDict,
    escape_rfc3986,
@ -218,9 +222,10 @@ class TestUtil(unittest.TestCase):
        self.assertEqual(sanitize_filename('N0Y__7-UOdI', is_id=True), 'N0Y__7-UOdI')

    def test_sanitize_path(self):
-        if sys.platform != 'win32':
-            return
+        with unittest.mock.patch('sys.platform', 'win32'):
+            self._test_sanitize_path()

+    def _test_sanitize_path(self):
        self.assertEqual(sanitize_path('abc'), 'abc')
        self.assertEqual(sanitize_path('abc/def'), 'abc\\def')
        self.assertEqual(sanitize_path('abc\\def'), 'abc\\def')
@ -253,6 +258,11 @@ class TestUtil(unittest.TestCase):
        self.assertEqual(sanitize_path('./abc'), 'abc')
        self.assertEqual(sanitize_path('./../abc'), '..\\abc')

+        self.assertEqual(sanitize_path('\\abc'), '\\abc')
+        self.assertEqual(sanitize_path('C:abc'), 'C:abc')
+        self.assertEqual(sanitize_path('C:abc\\..\\'), 'C:..')
+        self.assertEqual(sanitize_path('C:\\abc:%(title)s.%(ext)s'), 'C:\\abc#%(title)s.%(ext)s')
+
    def test_sanitize_url(self):
        self.assertEqual(sanitize_url('//foo.bar'), 'http://foo.bar')
        self.assertEqual(sanitize_url('httpss://foo.bar'), 'https://foo.bar')
@ -274,11 +284,18 @@ class TestUtil(unittest.TestCase):
            self.assertEqual(expand_path(env('HOME')), os.getenv('HOME'))
            self.assertEqual(expand_path('~'), os.getenv('HOME'))
            self.assertEqual(
-                expand_path('~/%s' % env('yt_dlp_EXPATH_PATH')),
-                '%s/expanded' % os.getenv('HOME'))
+                expand_path('~/{}'.format(env('yt_dlp_EXPATH_PATH'))),
+                '{}/expanded'.format(os.getenv('HOME')))
        finally:
            os.environ['HOME'] = old_home or ''

+    _uncommon_extensions = [
+        ('exe', 'abc.exe.ext'),
+        ('de', 'abc.de.ext'),
+        ('../.mp4', None),
+        ('..\\.mp4', None),
+    ]
+
    def test_prepend_extension(self):
        self.assertEqual(prepend_extension('abc.ext', 'temp'), 'abc.temp.ext')
        self.assertEqual(prepend_extension('abc.ext', 'temp', 'ext'), 'abc.temp.ext')
@ -287,6 +304,19 @@ class TestUtil(unittest.TestCase):
        self.assertEqual(prepend_extension('.abc', 'temp'), '.abc.temp')
        self.assertEqual(prepend_extension('.abc.ext', 'temp'), '.abc.temp.ext')

+        # Test uncommon extensions
+        self.assertEqual(prepend_extension('abc.ext', 'bin'), 'abc.bin.ext')
+        for ext, result in self._uncommon_extensions:
+            with self.assertRaises(_UnsafeExtensionError):
+                prepend_extension('abc', ext)
+            if result:
+                self.assertEqual(prepend_extension('abc.ext', ext, 'ext'), result)
+            else:
+                with self.assertRaises(_UnsafeExtensionError):
+                    prepend_extension('abc.ext', ext, 'ext')
+            with self.assertRaises(_UnsafeExtensionError):
+                prepend_extension('abc.unexpected_ext', ext, 'ext')
+
    def test_replace_extension(self):
        self.assertEqual(replace_extension('abc.ext', 'temp'), 'abc.temp')
        self.assertEqual(replace_extension('abc.ext', 'temp', 'ext'), 'abc.temp')
@ -295,6 +325,16 @@ class TestUtil(unittest.TestCase):
        self.assertEqual(replace_extension('.abc', 'temp'), '.abc.temp')
        self.assertEqual(replace_extension('.abc.ext', 'temp'), '.abc.temp')

+        # Test uncommon extensions
+        self.assertEqual(replace_extension('abc.ext', 'bin'), 'abc.unknown_video')
+        for ext, _ in self._uncommon_extensions:
+            with self.assertRaises(_UnsafeExtensionError):
+                replace_extension('abc', ext)
+            with self.assertRaises(_UnsafeExtensionError):
+                replace_extension('abc.ext', ext, 'ext')
+            with self.assertRaises(_UnsafeExtensionError):
+                replace_extension('abc.unexpected_ext', ext, 'ext')
+
    def test_subtitles_filename(self):
        self.assertEqual(subtitles_filename('abc.ext', 'en', 'vtt'), 'abc.en.vtt')
        self.assertEqual(subtitles_filename('abc.ext', 'en', 'vtt', 'ext'), 'abc.en.vtt')
@ -304,11 +344,13 @@ class TestUtil(unittest.TestCase):
        self.assertEqual(remove_start(None, 'A - '), None)
        self.assertEqual(remove_start('A - B', 'A - '), 'B')
        self.assertEqual(remove_start('B - A', 'A - '), 'B - A')
+        self.assertEqual(remove_start('non-empty', ''), 'non-empty')

    def test_remove_end(self):
        self.assertEqual(remove_end(None, ' - B'), None)
        self.assertEqual(remove_end('A - B', ' - B'), 'A')
        self.assertEqual(remove_end('B - A', ' - B'), 'B - A')
+        self.assertEqual(remove_end('non-empty', ''), 'non-empty')

    def test_remove_quotes(self):
        self.assertEqual(remove_quotes(None), None)
@ -354,12 +396,12 @@ class TestUtil(unittest.TestCase):
        self.assertEqual(datetime_from_str('now+23hours', precision='hour'), datetime_from_str('now+23hours', precision='auto'))

    def test_daterange(self):
-        _20century = DateRange("19000101", "20000101")
-        self.assertFalse("17890714" in _20century)
-        _ac = DateRange("00010101")
-        self.assertTrue("19690721" in _ac)
-        _firstmilenium = DateRange(end="10000101")
-        self.assertTrue("07110427" in _firstmilenium)
+        _20century = DateRange('19000101', '20000101')
+        self.assertFalse('17890714' in _20century)
+        _ac = DateRange('00010101')
+        self.assertTrue('19690721' in _ac)
+        _firstmilenium = DateRange(end='10000101')
+        self.assertTrue('07110427' in _firstmilenium)

    def test_unified_dates(self):
        self.assertEqual(unified_strdate('December 21, 2010'), '20101221')
@ -411,6 +453,8 @@ class TestUtil(unittest.TestCase):
        self.assertEqual(unified_timestamp('Sep 11, 2013 | 5:49 AM'), 1378878540)
        self.assertEqual(unified_timestamp('December 15, 2017 at 7:49 am'), 1513324140)
        self.assertEqual(unified_timestamp('2018-03-14T08:32:43.1493874+00:00'), 1521016363)
+        self.assertEqual(unified_timestamp('Sunday, 26 Nov 2006, 19:00'), 1164567600)
+        self.assertEqual(unified_timestamp('wed, aug 16, 2008, 12:00pm'), 1218931200)

        self.assertEqual(unified_timestamp('December 31 1969 20:00:01 EDT'), 1)
        self.assertEqual(unified_timestamp('Wednesday 31 December 1969 18:01:26 MDT'), 86)
@ -504,7 +548,7 @@ class TestUtil(unittest.TestCase):
        self.assertRaises(ExtractorError, xpath_attr, doc, 'div/p', 'y', fatal=True)

    def test_smuggle_url(self):
-        data = {"ö": "ö", "abc": [3]}
+        data = {'ö': 'ö', 'abc': [3]}
        url = 'https://foo.bar/baz?x=y#a'
        smug_url = smuggle_url(url, data)
        unsmug_url, unsmug_data = unsmuggle_url(smug_url)
@ -768,6 +812,11 @@ class TestUtil(unittest.TestCase):

    def test_parse_iso8601(self):
        self.assertEqual(parse_iso8601('2014-03-23T23:04:26+0100'), 1395612266)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_iso8601('2014-03-23T23:04:26-07:00'), 1395641066)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_iso8601('2014-03-23T23:04:26', timezone=dt.timedelta(hours=-7)), 1395641066)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_iso8601('2014-03-23T23:04:26', timezone=NO_DEFAULT), None)
+        # default does not override timezone in date_str
+        self.assertEqual(parse_iso8601('2014-03-23T23:04:26-07:00', timezone=dt.timedelta(hours=-10)), 1395641066)
        self.assertEqual(parse_iso8601('2014-03-23T22:04:26+0000'), 1395612266)
        self.assertEqual(parse_iso8601('2014-03-23T22:04:26Z'), 1395612266)
        self.assertEqual(parse_iso8601('2014-03-23T22:04:26.1234Z'), 1395612266)
@ -777,7 +826,7 @@ class TestUtil(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_strip_jsonp(self):
        stripped = strip_jsonp('cb ([ {"id":"532cb",\n\n\n"x":\n3}\n]\n);')
        d = json.loads(stripped)
-        self.assertEqual(d, [{"id": "532cb", "x": 3}])
+        self.assertEqual(d, [{'id': '532cb', 'x': 3}])

        stripped = strip_jsonp('parseMetadata({"STATUS":"OK"})\n\n\n//epc')
        d = json.loads(stripped)
@ -881,6 +930,11 @@ class TestUtil(unittest.TestCase):
            'acodec': 'none',
            'dynamic_range': 'HDR10',
        })
+        self.assertEqual(parse_codecs('vp09.02.50.10.01.09.18.09.00'), {
+            'vcodec': 'vp09.02.50.10.01.09.18.09.00',
+            'acodec': 'none',
+            'dynamic_range': 'HDR10',
+        })
        self.assertEqual(parse_codecs('av01.0.12M.10.0.110.09.16.09.0'), {
            'vcodec': 'av01.0.12M.10.0.110.09.16.09.0',
            'acodec': 'none',
@ -891,6 +945,11 @@ class TestUtil(unittest.TestCase):
            'acodec': 'none',
            'dynamic_range': 'DV',
        })
+        self.assertEqual(parse_codecs('fLaC'), {
+            'vcodec': 'none',
+            'acodec': 'flac',
+            'dynamic_range': None,
+        })
        self.assertEqual(parse_codecs('theora, vorbis'), {
            'vcodec': 'theora',
            'acodec': 'vorbis',
@ -915,19 +974,19 @@ class TestUtil(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_normalize_url(self):
        self.assertEqual(
            normalize_url('http://wowza.imust.org/srv/vod/telemb/new/UPLOAD/UPLOAD/20224_IncendieHavré_FD.mp4'),
-            'http://wowza.imust.org/srv/vod/telemb/new/UPLOAD/UPLOAD/20224_IncendieHavre%CC%81_FD.mp4'
+            'http://wowza.imust.org/srv/vod/telemb/new/UPLOAD/UPLOAD/20224_IncendieHavre%CC%81_FD.mp4',
        )
        self.assertEqual(
            normalize_url('http://www.ardmediathek.de/tv/Sturm-der-Liebe/Folge-2036-Zu-Mann-und-Frau-erklärt/Das-Erste/Video?documentId=22673108&bcastId=5290'),
-            'http://www.ardmediathek.de/tv/Sturm-der-Liebe/Folge-2036-Zu-Mann-und-Frau-erkl%C3%A4rt/Das-Erste/Video?documentId=22673108&bcastId=5290'
+            'http://www.ardmediathek.de/tv/Sturm-der-Liebe/Folge-2036-Zu-Mann-und-Frau-erkl%C3%A4rt/Das-Erste/Video?documentId=22673108&bcastId=5290',
        )
        self.assertEqual(
            normalize_url('http://тест.рф/фрагмент'),
-            'http://xn--e1aybc.xn--p1ai/%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82'
+            'http://xn--e1aybc.xn--p1ai/%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82',
        )
        self.assertEqual(
            normalize_url('http://тест.рф/абв?абв=абв#абв'),
-            'http://xn--e1aybc.xn--p1ai/%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2?%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2=%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2#%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2'
+            'http://xn--e1aybc.xn--p1ai/%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2?%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2=%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2#%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2',
        )
        self.assertEqual(normalize_url('http://vimeo.com/56015672#at=0'), 'http://vimeo.com/56015672#at=0')

@ -972,7 +1031,7 @@ class TestUtil(unittest.TestCase):
                    'e': 'false',
                    'f': '"false"',
                    'g': 'var',
-                }
+                },
            )),
            {
                'null': None,
@ -981,8 +1040,8 @@ class TestUtil(unittest.TestCase):
                'trueStr': 'true',
                'false': False,
                'falseStr': 'false',
-                'unresolvedVar': 'var'
-            }
+                'unresolvedVar': 'var',
+            },
        )

        self.assertDictEqual(
@ -998,14 +1057,14 @@ class TestUtil(unittest.TestCase):
                    'b': '"123"',
                    'c': '1.23',
                    'd': '"1.23"',
-                }
+                },
            )),
            {
                'int': 123,
                'intStr': '123',
                'float': 1.23,
                'floatStr': '1.23',
-            }
+            },
        )

        self.assertDictEqual(
@ -1021,14 +1080,14 @@ class TestUtil(unittest.TestCase):
                    'b': '"{}"',
                    'c': '[]',
                    'd': '"[]"',
-                }
+                },
            )),
            {
                'object': {},
                'objectStr': '{}',
                'array': [],
                'arrayStr': '[]',
-            }
+            },
        )

    def test_js_to_json_realworld(self):
@ -1074,7 +1133,7 @@ class TestUtil(unittest.TestCase):

    def test_js_to_json_edgecases(self):
        on = js_to_json("{abc_def:'1\\'\\\\2\\\\\\'3\"4'}")
-        self.assertEqual(json.loads(on), {"abc_def": "1'\\2\\'3\"4"})
+        self.assertEqual(json.loads(on), {'abc_def': "1'\\2\\'3\"4"})

        on = js_to_json('{"abc": true}')
        self.assertEqual(json.loads(on), {'abc': True})
@ -1106,9 +1165,9 @@ class TestUtil(unittest.TestCase):
            'c': 0,
            'd': 42.42,
            'e': [],
-            'f': "abc",
-            'g': "",
-            '42': 42
+            'f': 'abc',
+            'g': '',
+            '42': 42,
        })

        on = js_to_json('["abc", "def",]')
@ -1202,8 +1261,8 @@ class TestUtil(unittest.TestCase):
        self.assertEqual(json.loads(js_to_json('Array(5, 10)')), [5, 10])
        self.assertEqual(json.loads(js_to_json('new Array(15,5)')), [15, 5])
        self.assertEqual(json.loads(js_to_json('new Map([Array(5, 10),new Array(15,5)])')), {'5': 10, '15': 5})
-        self.assertEqual(json.loads(js_to_json('new Date("123")')), "123")
-        self.assertEqual(json.loads(js_to_json('new Date(\'2023-10-19\')')), "2023-10-19")
+        self.assertEqual(json.loads(js_to_json('new Date("123")')), '123')
+        self.assertEqual(json.loads(js_to_json('new Date(\'2023-10-19\')')), '2023-10-19')

    def test_extract_attributes(self):
        self.assertEqual(extract_attributes('<e x="y">'), {'x': 'y'})
@ -1258,7 +1317,7 @@ class TestUtil(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_args_to_str(self):
        self.assertEqual(
            args_to_str(['foo', 'ba/r', '-baz', '2 be', '']),
-            'foo ba/r -baz \'2 be\' \'\'' if compat_os_name != 'nt' else 'foo ba/r -baz "2 be" ""'
+            'foo ba/r -baz \'2 be\' \'\'' if compat_os_name != 'nt' else 'foo ba/r -baz "2 be" ""',
        )

    def test_parse_filesize(self):
@ -1341,10 +1400,10 @@ ffmpeg version 2.4.4 Copyright (c) 2000-2014 the FFmpeg ...'''), '2.4.4')
        self.assertTrue(is_html(  # UTF-8 with BOM
            b'\xef\xbb\xbf<!DOCTYPE foo>\xaaa'))
        self.assertTrue(is_html(  # UTF-16-LE
-            b'\xff\xfe<\x00h\x00t\x00m\x00l\x00>\x00\xe4\x00'
+            b'\xff\xfe<\x00h\x00t\x00m\x00l\x00>\x00\xe4\x00',
        ))
        self.assertTrue(is_html(  # UTF-16-BE
-            b'\xfe\xff\x00<\x00h\x00t\x00m\x00l\x00>\x00\xe4'
+            b'\xfe\xff\x00<\x00h\x00t\x00m\x00l\x00>\x00\xe4',
        ))
        self.assertTrue(is_html(  # UTF-32-BE
            b'\x00\x00\xFE\xFF\x00\x00\x00<\x00\x00\x00h\x00\x00\x00t\x00\x00\x00m\x00\x00\x00l\x00\x00\x00>\x00\x00\x00\xe4'))
@ -1928,7 +1987,7 @@ Line 1
                            with locked_file(FILE, test_mode, False):
                                pass
                        except (BlockingIOError, PermissionError):
-                            if not testing_write:  # FIXME
+                            if not testing_write:  # FIXME: blocked read access
                                print(f'Known issue: Exclusive lock ({lock_mode}) blocks read access ({test_mode})')
                                continue
                            self.assertTrue(testing_write, f'{test_mode} is blocked by {lock_mode}')
@ -1996,7 +2055,7 @@ Line 1
                         msg='int fn with expected_type int should give int')
        self.assertEqual(try_call(lambda: 1, expected_type=dict), None,
                         msg='int fn with wrong expected_type should give None')
-        self.assertEqual(try_call(total, args=(0, 1, 0, ), expected_type=int), 1,
+        self.assertEqual(try_call(total, args=(0, 1, 0), expected_type=int), 1,
                         msg='fn should accept arglist')
        self.assertEqual(try_call(total, kwargs={'a': 0, 'b': 1, 'c': 0}, expected_type=int), 1,
                         msg='fn should accept kwargs')
@ -2092,6 +2151,12 @@ Line 1
            assert run_shell(args) == expected
            assert run_shell(shell_quote(args, shell=True)) == expected

+    def test_partial_application(self):
+        assert callable(int_or_none(scale=10)), 'missing positional parameter should apply partially'
+        assert int_or_none(10, scale=0.1) == 100, 'positionally passed argument should call function'
+        assert int_or_none(v=10) == 10, 'keyword passed positional should call function'
+        assert int_or_none(scale=0.1)(10) == 100, 'call after partial application should call the function'
+

 if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()
--- a/test/test_websockets.py
+++ b/test/test_websockets.py
@ -3,10 +3,12 @@
 # Allow direct execution
 import os
 import sys
+import time

 import pytest

 from test.helper import verify_address_availability
+from yt_dlp.networking.common import Features, DEFAULT_TIMEOUT

 sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))

@ -18,7 +20,7 @@ import random
 import ssl
 import threading

-from yt_dlp import socks
+from yt_dlp import socks, traverse_obj
 from yt_dlp.cookies import YoutubeDLCookieJar
 from yt_dlp.dependencies import websockets
 from yt_dlp.networking import Request
@ -59,6 +61,10 @@ def process_request(self, request):
            return websockets.http11.Response(
                status.value, status.phrase, websockets.datastructures.Headers([('Location', '/')]), b'')
        return self.protocol.reject(status.value, status.phrase)
+    elif request.path.startswith('/get_cookie'):
+        response = self.protocol.accept(request)
+        response.headers['Set-Cookie'] = 'test=ytdlp'
+        return response
    return self.protocol.accept(request)


@ -82,7 +88,7 @@ def create_wss_websocket_server():
    certfn = os.path.join(TEST_DIR, 'testcert.pem')
    sslctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER)
    sslctx.load_cert_chain(certfn, None)
-    return create_websocket_server(ssl_context=sslctx)
+    return create_websocket_server(ssl=sslctx)


 MTLS_CERT_DIR = os.path.join(TEST_DIR, 'testdata', 'certificate')
@ -97,7 +103,16 @@ def create_mtls_wss_websocket_server():
    sslctx.load_verify_locations(cafile=cacertfn)
    sslctx.load_cert_chain(certfn, None)

-    return create_websocket_server(ssl_context=sslctx)
+    return create_websocket_server(ssl=sslctx)
+
+
+def create_legacy_wss_websocket_server():
+    certfn = os.path.join(TEST_DIR, 'testcert.pem')
+    sslctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER)
+    sslctx.maximum_version = ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1_2
+    sslctx.set_ciphers('SHA1:AESCCM:aDSS:eNULL:aNULL')
+    sslctx.load_cert_chain(certfn, None)
+    return create_websocket_server(ssl=sslctx)


 def ws_validate_and_send(rh, req):
@ -114,6 +129,7 @@ def ws_validate_and_send(rh, req):


@pytest.mark.skipif(not websockets, reason='websockets must be installed to test websocket request handlers')
+@pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Websockets'], indirect=True)
 class TestWebsSocketRequestHandlerConformance:
    @classmethod
    def setup_class(cls):
@ -123,13 +139,15 @@ class TestWebsSocketRequestHandlerConformance:
        cls.wss_thread, cls.wss_port = create_wss_websocket_server()
        cls.wss_base_url = f'wss://127.0.0.1:{cls.wss_port}'

-        cls.bad_wss_thread, cls.bad_wss_port = create_websocket_server(ssl_context=ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER))
+        cls.bad_wss_thread, cls.bad_wss_port = create_websocket_server(ssl=ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER))
        cls.bad_wss_host = f'wss://127.0.0.1:{cls.bad_wss_port}'

        cls.mtls_wss_thread, cls.mtls_wss_port = create_mtls_wss_websocket_server()
        cls.mtls_wss_base_url = f'wss://127.0.0.1:{cls.mtls_wss_port}'

-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Websockets'], indirect=True)
+        cls.legacy_wss_thread, cls.legacy_wss_port = create_legacy_wss_websocket_server()
+        cls.legacy_wss_host = f'wss://127.0.0.1:{cls.legacy_wss_port}'
+
    def test_basic_websockets(self, handler):
        with handler() as rh:
            ws = ws_validate_and_send(rh, Request(self.ws_base_url))
@ -141,7 +159,6 @@ class TestWebsSocketRequestHandlerConformance:

    # https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6455.html#section-5.6
    @pytest.mark.parametrize('msg,opcode', [('str', 1), (b'bytes', 2)])
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Websockets'], indirect=True)
    def test_send_types(self, handler, msg, opcode):
        with handler() as rh:
            ws = ws_validate_and_send(rh, Request(self.ws_base_url))
@ -149,7 +166,6 @@ class TestWebsSocketRequestHandlerConformance:
            assert int(ws.recv()) == opcode
            ws.close()

-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Websockets'], indirect=True)
    def test_verify_cert(self, handler):
        with handler() as rh:
            with pytest.raises(CertificateVerifyError):
@ -160,14 +176,28 @@ class TestWebsSocketRequestHandlerConformance:
            assert ws.status == 101
            ws.close()

-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Websockets'], indirect=True)
    def test_ssl_error(self, handler):
        with handler(verify=False) as rh:
            with pytest.raises(SSLError, match=r'ssl(?:v3|/tls) alert handshake failure') as exc_info:
                ws_validate_and_send(rh, Request(self.bad_wss_host))
            assert not issubclass(exc_info.type, CertificateVerifyError)

-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Websockets'], indirect=True)
+    def test_legacy_ssl_extension(self, handler):
+        with handler(verify=False) as rh:
+            ws = ws_validate_and_send(rh, Request(self.legacy_wss_host, extensions={'legacy_ssl': True}))
+            assert ws.status == 101
+            ws.close()
+
+            # Ensure only applies to request extension
+            with pytest.raises(SSLError):
+                ws_validate_and_send(rh, Request(self.legacy_wss_host))
+
+    def test_legacy_ssl_support(self, handler):
+        with handler(verify=False, legacy_ssl_support=True) as rh:
+            ws = ws_validate_and_send(rh, Request(self.legacy_wss_host))
+            assert ws.status == 101
+            ws.close()
+
    @pytest.mark.parametrize('path,expected', [
        # Unicode characters should be encoded with uppercase percent-encoding
        ('/中文', '/%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87'),
@ -182,7 +212,6 @@ class TestWebsSocketRequestHandlerConformance:
            assert ws.status == 101
            ws.close()

-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Websockets'], indirect=True)
    def test_remove_dot_segments(self, handler):
        with handler() as rh:
            # This isn't a comprehensive test,
@ -195,7 +224,6 @@ class TestWebsSocketRequestHandlerConformance:

    # We are restricted to known HTTP status codes in http.HTTPStatus
    # Redirects are not supported for websockets
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Websockets'], indirect=True)
    @pytest.mark.parametrize('status', (200, 204, 301, 302, 303, 400, 500, 511))
    def test_raise_http_error(self, handler, status):
        with handler() as rh:
@ -203,17 +231,30 @@ class TestWebsSocketRequestHandlerConformance:
                ws_validate_and_send(rh, Request(f'{self.ws_base_url}/gen_{status}'))
            assert exc_info.value.status == status

-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Websockets'], indirect=True)
    @pytest.mark.parametrize('params,extensions', [
        ({'timeout': sys.float_info.min}, {}),
        ({}, {'timeout': sys.float_info.min}),
    ])
-    def test_timeout(self, handler, params, extensions):
+    def test_read_timeout(self, handler, params, extensions):
        with handler(**params) as rh:
            with pytest.raises(TransportError):
                ws_validate_and_send(rh, Request(self.ws_base_url, extensions=extensions))

-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Websockets'], indirect=True)
+    def test_connect_timeout(self, handler):
+        # nothing should be listening on this port
+        connect_timeout_url = 'ws://10.255.255.255'
+        with handler(timeout=0.01) as rh, pytest.raises(TransportError):
+            now = time.time()
+            ws_validate_and_send(rh, Request(connect_timeout_url))
+        assert time.time() - now < DEFAULT_TIMEOUT
+
+        # Per request timeout, should override handler timeout
+        request = Request(connect_timeout_url, extensions={'timeout': 0.01})
+        with handler() as rh, pytest.raises(TransportError):
+            now = time.time()
+            ws_validate_and_send(rh, request)
+        assert time.time() - now < DEFAULT_TIMEOUT
+
    def test_cookies(self, handler):
        cookiejar = YoutubeDLCookieJar()
        cookiejar.set_cookie(http.cookiejar.Cookie(
@ -239,7 +280,32 @@ class TestWebsSocketRequestHandlerConformance:
            assert json.loads(ws.recv())['cookie'] == 'test=ytdlp'
            ws.close()

-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Websockets'], indirect=True)
+    @pytest.mark.skip_handler('Websockets', 'Set-Cookie not supported by websockets')
+    def test_cookie_sync_only_cookiejar(self, handler):
+        # Ensure that cookies are ONLY being handled by the cookiejar
+        with handler() as rh:
+            ws_validate_and_send(rh, Request(f'{self.ws_base_url}/get_cookie', extensions={'cookiejar': YoutubeDLCookieJar()}))
+            ws = ws_validate_and_send(rh, Request(self.ws_base_url, extensions={'cookiejar': YoutubeDLCookieJar()}))
+            ws.send('headers')
+            assert 'cookie' not in json.loads(ws.recv())
+            ws.close()
+
+    @pytest.mark.skip_handler('Websockets', 'Set-Cookie not supported by websockets')
+    def test_cookie_sync_delete_cookie(self, handler):
+        # Ensure that cookies are ONLY being handled by the cookiejar
+        cookiejar = YoutubeDLCookieJar()
+        with handler(verbose=True, cookiejar=cookiejar) as rh:
+            ws_validate_and_send(rh, Request(f'{self.ws_base_url}/get_cookie'))
+            ws = ws_validate_and_send(rh, Request(self.ws_base_url))
+            ws.send('headers')
+            assert json.loads(ws.recv())['cookie'] == 'test=ytdlp'
+            ws.close()
+            cookiejar.clear_session_cookies()
+            ws = ws_validate_and_send(rh, Request(self.ws_base_url))
+            ws.send('headers')
+            assert 'cookie' not in json.loads(ws.recv())
+            ws.close()
+
    def test_source_address(self, handler):
        source_address = f'127.0.0.{random.randint(5, 255)}'
        verify_address_availability(source_address)
@ -249,7 +315,6 @@ class TestWebsSocketRequestHandlerConformance:
            assert source_address == ws.recv()
            ws.close()

-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Websockets'], indirect=True)
    def test_response_url(self, handler):
        with handler() as rh:
            url = f'{self.ws_base_url}/something'
@ -257,7 +322,6 @@ class TestWebsSocketRequestHandlerConformance:
            assert ws.url == url
            ws.close()

-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Websockets'], indirect=True)
    def test_request_headers(self, handler):
        with handler(headers=HTTPHeaderDict({'test1': 'test', 'test2': 'test2'})) as rh:
            # Global Headers
@ -291,18 +355,55 @@ class TestWebsSocketRequestHandlerConformance:
            'client_certificate': os.path.join(MTLS_CERT_DIR, 'client.crt'),
            'client_certificate_key': os.path.join(MTLS_CERT_DIR, 'clientencrypted.key'),
            'client_certificate_password': 'foobar',
-        }
+        },
    ))
-    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Websockets'], indirect=True)
    def test_mtls(self, handler, client_cert):
        with handler(
            # Disable client-side validation of unacceptable self-signed testcert.pem
            # The test is of a check on the server side, so unaffected
            verify=False,
-            client_cert=client_cert
+            client_cert=client_cert,
        ) as rh:
            ws_validate_and_send(rh, Request(self.mtls_wss_base_url)).close()

+    def test_request_disable_proxy(self, handler):
+        for proxy_proto in handler._SUPPORTED_PROXY_SCHEMES or ['ws']:
+            # Given handler is configured with a proxy
+            with handler(proxies={'ws': f'{proxy_proto}://10.255.255.255'}, timeout=5) as rh:
+                # When a proxy is explicitly set to None for the request
+                ws = ws_validate_and_send(rh, Request(self.ws_base_url, proxies={'http': None}))
+                # Then no proxy should be used
+                assert ws.status == 101
+                ws.close()
+
+    @pytest.mark.skip_handlers_if(
+        lambda _, handler: Features.NO_PROXY not in handler._SUPPORTED_FEATURES, 'handler does not support NO_PROXY')
+    def test_noproxy(self, handler):
+        for proxy_proto in handler._SUPPORTED_PROXY_SCHEMES or ['ws']:
+            # Given the handler is configured with a proxy
+            with handler(proxies={'ws': f'{proxy_proto}://10.255.255.255'}, timeout=5) as rh:
+                for no_proxy in (f'127.0.0.1:{self.ws_port}', '127.0.0.1', 'localhost'):
+                    # When request no proxy includes the request url host
+                    ws = ws_validate_and_send(rh, Request(self.ws_base_url, proxies={'no': no_proxy}))
+                    # Then the proxy should not be used
+                    assert ws.status == 101
+                    ws.close()
+
+    @pytest.mark.skip_handlers_if(
+        lambda _, handler: Features.ALL_PROXY not in handler._SUPPORTED_FEATURES, 'handler does not support ALL_PROXY')
+    def test_allproxy(self, handler):
+        supported_proto = traverse_obj(handler._SUPPORTED_PROXY_SCHEMES, 0, default='ws')
+        # This is a bit of a hacky test, but it should be enough to check whether the handler is using the proxy.
+        # 0.1s might not be enough of a timeout if proxy is not used in all cases, but should still get failures.
+        with handler(proxies={'all': f'{supported_proto}://10.255.255.255'}, timeout=0.1) as rh:
+            with pytest.raises(TransportError):
+                ws_validate_and_send(rh, Request(self.ws_base_url)).close()
+
+        with handler(timeout=0.1) as rh:
+            with pytest.raises(TransportError):
+                ws_validate_and_send(
+                    rh, Request(self.ws_base_url, proxies={'all': f'{supported_proto}://10.255.255.255'})).close()
+

 def create_fake_ws_connection(raised):
    import websockets.sync.client
--- a/test/test_youtube_misc.py
+++ b/test/test_youtube_misc.py
@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ from yt_dlp.extractor import YoutubeIE

 class TestYoutubeMisc(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_youtube_extract(self):
-        assertExtractId = lambda url, id: self.assertEqual(YoutubeIE.extract_id(url), id)
+        assertExtractId = lambda url, video_id: self.assertEqual(YoutubeIE.extract_id(url), video_id)
        assertExtractId('http://www.youtube.com/watch?&v=BaW_jenozKc', 'BaW_jenozKc')
        assertExtractId('https://www.youtube.com/watch?&v=BaW_jenozKc', 'BaW_jenozKc')
        assertExtractId('https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=BaW_jenozKc', 'BaW_jenozKc')
--- a/test/test_youtube_signature.py
+++ b/test/test_youtube_signature.py
@ -46,17 +46,17 @@ _SIG_TESTS = [
    (
        'https://s.ytimg.com/yts/jsbin/html5player-en_US-vflBb0OQx.js',
        84,
-        '123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQ0STUVWXYZ!"#$%&\'()*+,@./:;<=>'
+        '123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQ0STUVWXYZ!"#$%&\'()*+,@./:;<=>',
    ),
    (
        'https://s.ytimg.com/yts/jsbin/html5player-en_US-vfl9FYC6l.js',
        83,
-        '123456789abcdefghijklmnopqr0tuvwxyzABCDETGHIJKLMNOPQRS>UVWXYZ!"#$%&\'()*+,-./:;<=F'
+        '123456789abcdefghijklmnopqr0tuvwxyzABCDETGHIJKLMNOPQRS>UVWXYZ!"#$%&\'()*+,-./:;<=F',
    ),
    (
        'https://s.ytimg.com/yts/jsbin/html5player-en_US-vflCGk6yw/html5player.js',
        '4646B5181C6C3020DF1D9C7FCFEA.AD80ABF70C39BD369CCCAE780AFBB98FA6B6CB42766249D9488C288',
-        '82C8849D94266724DC6B6AF89BBFA087EACCD963.B93C07FBA084ACAEFCF7C9D1FD0203C6C1815B6B'
+        '82C8849D94266724DC6B6AF89BBFA087EACCD963.B93C07FBA084ACAEFCF7C9D1FD0203C6C1815B6B',
    ),
    (
        'https://s.ytimg.com/yts/jsbin/html5player-en_US-vflKjOTVq/html5player.js',
@ -163,6 +163,26 @@ _NSIG_TESTS = [
        'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/b7910ca8/player_ias.vflset/en_US/base.js',
        '_hXMCwMt9qE310D', 'LoZMgkkofRMCZQ',
    ),
+    (
+        'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/590f65a6/player_ias.vflset/en_US/base.js',
+        '1tm7-g_A9zsI8_Lay_', 'xI4Vem4Put_rOg',
+    ),
+    (
+        'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/b22ef6e7/player_ias.vflset/en_US/base.js',
+        'b6HcntHGkvBLk_FRf', 'kNPW6A7FyP2l8A',
+    ),
+    (
+        'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/3400486c/player_ias.vflset/en_US/base.js',
+        'lL46g3XifCKUZn1Xfw', 'z767lhet6V2Skl',
+    ),
+    (
+        'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/20dfca59/player_ias.vflset/en_US/base.js',
+        '-fLCxedkAk4LUTK2', 'O8kfRq1y1eyHGw',
+    ),
+    (
+        'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/b12cc44b/player_ias.vflset/en_US/base.js',
+        'keLa5R2U00sR9SQK', 'N1OGyujjEwMnLw',
+    ),
 ]


@ -207,7 +227,7 @@ class TestSignature(unittest.TestCase):
 def t_factory(name, sig_func, url_pattern):
    def make_tfunc(url, sig_input, expected_sig):
        m = url_pattern.match(url)
-        assert m, '%r should follow URL format' % url
+        assert m, f'{url!r} should follow URL format'
        test_id = m.group('id')

        def test_func(self):
--- a/test/testdata/netrc/netrc
+++ b/test/testdata/netrc/netrc
@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+machine normal_use login user password pass
+machine empty_user login "" password pass
+machine empty_pass login user password ""
+machine both_empty login "" password ""
--- a/test/testdata/netrc/print_netrc.py
+++ b/test/testdata/netrc/print_netrc.py
@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+with open('./test/testdata/netrc/netrc', encoding='utf-8') as fp:
+    print(fp.read())
--- a/test/testdata/plugin_packages/testpackage/yt_dlp_plugins/extractor/package.py
+++ b/test/testdata/plugin_packages/testpackage/yt_dlp_plugins/extractor/package.py
@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+from yt_dlp.extractor.common import InfoExtractor
+
+
+class PackagePluginIE(InfoExtractor):
+    pass
--- a/yt_dlp/YoutubeDL.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/YoutubeDL.py
--- a/yt_dlp/init.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/init.py
@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 import sys

-if sys.version_info < (3, 8):
+if sys.version_info < (3, 9):
    raise ImportError(
-        f'You are using an unsupported version of Python. Only Python versions 3.8 and above are supported by yt-dlp')  # noqa: F541
+        f'You are using an unsupported version of Python. Only Python versions 3.9 and above are supported by yt-dlp')  # noqa: F541

 __license__ = 'The Unlicense'

@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ import os
 import re
 import traceback

-from .compat import compat_os_name, compat_shlex_quote
-from .cookies import SUPPORTED_BROWSERS, SUPPORTED_KEYRINGS
+from .compat import compat_os_name
+from .cookies import SUPPORTED_BROWSERS, SUPPORTED_KEYRINGS, CookieLoadError
 from .downloader.external import get_external_downloader
 from .extractor import list_extractor_classes
 from .extractor.adobepass import MSO_INFO
@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ from .postprocessor import (
 )
 from .update import Updater
 from .utils import (
+    Config,
    NO_DEFAULT,
    POSTPROCESS_WHEN,
    DateRange,
@ -58,11 +59,13 @@ from .utils import (
    read_stdin,
    render_table,
    setproctitle,
+    shell_quote,
    traverse_obj,
    variadic,
    write_string,
 )
 from .utils.networking import std_headers
+from .utils._utils import _UnsafeExtensionError
 from .YoutubeDL import YoutubeDL

 _IN_CLI = False
@ -115,9 +118,9 @@ def print_extractor_information(opts, urls):
            ie.description(markdown=False, search_examples=_SEARCHES)
            for ie in list_extractor_classes(opts.age_limit) if ie.working() and ie.IE_DESC is not False)
    elif opts.ap_list_mso:
-        out = 'Supported TV Providers:\n%s\n' % render_table(
+        out = 'Supported TV Providers:\n{}\n'.format(render_table(
            ['mso', 'mso name'],
-            [[mso_id, mso_info['name']] for mso_id, mso_info in MSO_INFO.items()])
+            [[mso_id, mso_info['name']] for mso_id, mso_info in MSO_INFO.items()]))
    else:
        return False
    write_string(out, out=sys.stdout)
@ -129,7 +132,7 @@ def set_compat_opts(opts):
        if name not in opts.compat_opts:
            return False
        opts.compat_opts.discard(name)
-        opts.compat_opts.update(['*%s' % name])
+        opts.compat_opts.update([f'*{name}'])
        return True

    def set_default_compat(compat_name, opt_name, default=True, remove_compat=True):
@ -156,6 +159,9 @@ def set_compat_opts(opts):
            opts.embed_infojson = False
    if 'format-sort' in opts.compat_opts:
        opts.format_sort.extend(FormatSorter.ytdl_default)
+    elif 'prefer-vp9-sort' in opts.compat_opts:
+        opts.format_sort.extend(FormatSorter._prefer_vp9_sort)
+
    _video_multistreams_set = set_default_compat('multistreams', 'allow_multiple_video_streams', False, remove_compat=False)
    _audio_multistreams_set = set_default_compat('multistreams', 'allow_multiple_audio_streams', False, remove_compat=False)
    if _video_multistreams_set is False and _audio_multistreams_set is False:
@ -222,7 +228,7 @@ def validate_options(opts):
        validate_minmax(opts.sleep_interval, opts.max_sleep_interval, 'sleep interval')

    if opts.wait_for_video is not None:
-        min_wait, max_wait, *_ = map(parse_duration, opts.wait_for_video.split('-', 1) + [None])
+        min_wait, max_wait, *_ = map(parse_duration, [*opts.wait_for_video.split('-', 1), None])
        validate(min_wait is not None and not (max_wait is None and '-' in opts.wait_for_video),
                 'time range to wait for video', opts.wait_for_video)
        validate_minmax(min_wait, max_wait, 'time range to wait for video')
@ -233,6 +239,11 @@ def validate_options(opts):
        validate_regex('format sorting', f, FormatSorter.regex)

    # Postprocessor formats
+    if opts.convertsubtitles == 'none':
+        opts.convertsubtitles = None
+    if opts.convertthumbnails == 'none':
+        opts.convertthumbnails = None
+
    validate_regex('merge output format', opts.merge_output_format,
                   r'({0})(/({0}))*'.format('|'.join(map(re.escape, FFmpegMergerPP.SUPPORTED_EXTS))))
    validate_regex('audio format', opts.audioformat, FFmpegExtractAudioPP.FORMAT_RE)
@ -264,9 +275,9 @@ def validate_options(opts):
    # Retry sleep function
    def parse_sleep_func(expr):
        NUMBER_RE = r'\d+(?:\.\d+)?'
-        op, start, limit, step, *_ = tuple(re.fullmatch(
+        op, start, limit, step, *_ = (*tuple(re.fullmatch(
            rf'(?:(linear|exp)=)?({NUMBER_RE})(?::({NUMBER_RE})?)?(?::({NUMBER_RE}))?',
-            expr.strip()).groups()) + (None, None)
+            expr.strip()).groups()), None, None)

        if op == 'exp':
            return lambda n: min(float(start) * (float(step or 2) ** n), float(limit or 'inf'))
@ -396,13 +407,13 @@ def validate_options(opts):
    # MetadataParser
    def metadataparser_actions(f):
        if isinstance(f, str):
-            cmd = '--parse-metadata %s' % compat_shlex_quote(f)
+            cmd = f'--parse-metadata {shell_quote(f)}'
            try:
                actions = [MetadataFromFieldPP.to_action(f)]
            except Exception as err:
                raise ValueError(f'{cmd} is invalid; {err}')
        else:
-            cmd = '--replace-in-metadata %s' % ' '.join(map(compat_shlex_quote, f))
+            cmd = f'--replace-in-metadata {shell_quote(f)}'
            actions = ((MetadataParserPP.Actions.REPLACE, x, *f[1:]) for x in f[0].split(','))

        for action in actions:
@ -413,7 +424,7 @@ def validate_options(opts):
            yield action

    if opts.metafromtitle is not None:
-        opts.parse_metadata.setdefault('pre_process', []).append('title:%s' % opts.metafromtitle)
+        opts.parse_metadata.setdefault('pre_process', []).append(f'title:{opts.metafromtitle}')
    opts.parse_metadata = {
        k: list(itertools.chain(*map(metadataparser_actions, v)))
        for k, v in opts.parse_metadata.items()
@ -466,7 +477,7 @@ def validate_options(opts):
            default_downloader = ed.get_basename()

    for policy in opts.color.values():
-        if policy not in ('always', 'auto', 'no_color', 'never'):
+        if policy not in ('always', 'auto', 'auto-tty', 'no_color', 'no_color-tty', 'never'):
            raise ValueError(f'"{policy}" is not a valid color policy')

    warnings, deprecation_warnings = [], []
@ -592,6 +603,13 @@ def validate_options(opts):
    if opts.ap_username is not None and opts.ap_password is None:
        opts.ap_password = getpass.getpass('Type TV provider account password and press [Return]: ')

+    # compat option changes global state destructively; only allow from cli
+    if 'allow-unsafe-ext' in opts.compat_opts:
+        warnings.append(
+            'Using allow-unsafe-ext opens you up to potential attacks. '
+            'Use with great care!')
+        _UnsafeExtensionError.sanitize_extension = lambda x, prepend=False: x
+
    return warnings, deprecation_warnings


@ -602,7 +620,7 @@ def get_postprocessors(opts):
        yield {
            'key': 'MetadataParser',
            'actions': actions,
-            'when': when
+            'when': when,
        }
    sponsorblock_query = opts.sponsorblock_mark | opts.sponsorblock_remove
    if sponsorblock_query:
@ -610,19 +628,19 @@ def get_postprocessors(opts):
            'key': 'SponsorBlock',
            'categories': sponsorblock_query,
            'api': opts.sponsorblock_api,
-            'when': 'after_filter'
+            'when': 'after_filter',
        }
    if opts.convertsubtitles:
        yield {
            'key': 'FFmpegSubtitlesConvertor',
            'format': opts.convertsubtitles,
-            'when': 'before_dl'
+            'when': 'before_dl',
        }
    if opts.convertthumbnails:
        yield {
            'key': 'FFmpegThumbnailsConvertor',
            'format': opts.convertthumbnails,
-            'when': 'before_dl'
+            'when': 'before_dl',
        }
    if opts.extractaudio:
        yield {
@ -647,7 +665,7 @@ def get_postprocessors(opts):
        yield {
            'key': 'FFmpegEmbedSubtitle',
            # already_have_subtitle = True prevents the file from being deleted after embedding
-            'already_have_subtitle': opts.writesubtitles and keep_subs
+            'already_have_subtitle': opts.writesubtitles and keep_subs,
        }
        if not opts.writeautomaticsub and keep_subs:
            opts.writesubtitles = True
@ -660,7 +678,7 @@ def get_postprocessors(opts):
            'remove_sponsor_segments': opts.sponsorblock_remove,
            'remove_ranges': opts.remove_ranges,
            'sponsorblock_chapter_title': opts.sponsorblock_chapter_title,
-            'force_keyframes': opts.force_keyframes_at_cuts
+            'force_keyframes': opts.force_keyframes_at_cuts,
        }
    # FFmpegMetadataPP should be run after FFmpegVideoConvertorPP and
    # FFmpegExtractAudioPP as containers before conversion may not support
@ -694,7 +712,7 @@ def get_postprocessors(opts):
        yield {
            'key': 'EmbedThumbnail',
            # already_have_thumbnail = True prevents the file from being deleted after embedding
-            'already_have_thumbnail': opts.writethumbnail
+            'already_have_thumbnail': opts.writethumbnail,
        }
        if not opts.writethumbnail:
            opts.writethumbnail = True
@ -741,7 +759,7 @@ def parse_options(argv=None):
    print_only = bool(opts.forceprint) and all(k not in opts.forceprint for k in POSTPROCESS_WHEN[3:])
    any_getting = any(getattr(opts, k) for k in (
        'dumpjson', 'dump_single_json', 'getdescription', 'getduration', 'getfilename',
-        'getformat', 'getid', 'getthumbnail', 'gettitle', 'geturl'
+        'getformat', 'getid', 'getthumbnail', 'gettitle', 'geturl',
    ))
    if opts.quiet is None:
        opts.quiet = any_getting or opts.print_json or bool(opts.forceprint)
@ -953,6 +971,11 @@ def _real_main(argv=None):

    parser, opts, all_urls, ydl_opts = parse_options(argv)

+    # HACK: Set the plugin dirs early on
+    # TODO(coletdjnz): remove when plugin globals system is implemented
+    if opts.plugin_dirs is not None:
+        Config._plugin_dirs = list(map(expand_path, opts.plugin_dirs))
+
    # Dump user agent
    if opts.dump_user_agent:
        ua = traverse_obj(opts.headers, 'User-Agent', casesense=False, default=std_headers['User-Agent'])
@ -1002,7 +1025,7 @@ def _real_main(argv=None):
            def make_row(target, handler):
                return [
                    join_nonempty(target.client.title(), target.version, delim='-') or '-',
-                    join_nonempty((target.os or "").title(), target.os_version, delim='-') or '-',
+                    join_nonempty((target.os or '').title(), target.os_version, delim='-') or '-',
                    handler,
                ]

@ -1070,7 +1093,7 @@ def main(argv=None):
    _IN_CLI = True
    try:
        _exit(*variadic(_real_main(argv)))
-    except DownloadError:
+    except (CookieLoadError, DownloadError):
        _exit(1)
    except SameFileError as e:
        _exit(f'ERROR: {e}')
--- a/yt_dlp/aes.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/aes.py
@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ def pad_block(block, padding_mode):
        raise NotImplementedError(f'Padding mode {padding_mode} is not implemented')

    if padding_mode == 'iso7816' and padding_size:
-        block = block + [0x80]  # NB: += mutates list
+        block = [*block, 0x80]  # NB: += mutates list
        padding_size -= 1

    return block + [PADDING_BYTE[padding_mode]] * padding_size
@ -110,9 +110,7 @@ def aes_ecb_decrypt(data, key, iv=None):
    for i in range(block_count):
        block = data[i * BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES: (i + 1) * BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES]
        encrypted_data += aes_decrypt(block, expanded_key)
-    encrypted_data = encrypted_data[:len(data)]
-
-    return encrypted_data
+    return encrypted_data[:len(data)]


 def aes_ctr_decrypt(data, key, iv):
@ -148,9 +146,7 @@ def aes_ctr_encrypt(data, key, iv):

        cipher_counter_block = aes_encrypt(counter_block, expanded_key)
        encrypted_data += xor(block, cipher_counter_block)
-    encrypted_data = encrypted_data[:len(data)]
-
-    return encrypted_data
+    return encrypted_data[:len(data)]


 def aes_cbc_decrypt(data, key, iv):
@ -174,9 +170,7 @@ def aes_cbc_decrypt(data, key, iv):
        decrypted_block = aes_decrypt(block, expanded_key)
        decrypted_data += xor(decrypted_block, previous_cipher_block)
        previous_cipher_block = block
-    decrypted_data = decrypted_data[:len(data)]
-
-    return decrypted_data
+    return decrypted_data[:len(data)]


 def aes_cbc_encrypt(data, key, iv, *, padding_mode='pkcs7'):
@ -224,7 +218,7 @@ def aes_gcm_decrypt_and_verify(data, key, tag, nonce):
    hash_subkey = aes_encrypt([0] * BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES, key_expansion(key))

    if len(nonce) == 12:
-        j0 = nonce + [0, 0, 0, 1]
+        j0 = [*nonce, 0, 0, 0, 1]
    else:
        fill = (BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES - (len(nonce) % BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES)) % BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES + 8
        ghash_in = nonce + [0] * fill + bytes_to_intlist((8 * len(nonce)).to_bytes(8, 'big'))
@ -236,17 +230,17 @@ def aes_gcm_decrypt_and_verify(data, key, tag, nonce):
    iv_ctr = inc(j0)

    decrypted_data = aes_ctr_decrypt(data, key, iv_ctr + [0] * (BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES - len(iv_ctr)))
-    pad_len = len(data) // 16 * 16
+    pad_len = (BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES - (len(data) % BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES)) % BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES
    s_tag = ghash(
        hash_subkey,
        data
-        + [0] * (BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES - len(data) + pad_len)        # pad
+        + [0] * pad_len                                         # pad
        + bytes_to_intlist((0 * 8).to_bytes(8, 'big')           # length of associated data
-                           + ((len(data) * 8).to_bytes(8, 'big')))  # length of data
+                           + ((len(data) * 8).to_bytes(8, 'big'))),  # length of data
    )

    if tag != aes_ctr_encrypt(s_tag, key, j0):
-        raise ValueError("Mismatching authentication tag")
+        raise ValueError('Mismatching authentication tag')

    return decrypted_data

@ -288,9 +282,7 @@ def aes_decrypt(data, expanded_key):
            data = list(iter_mix_columns(data, MIX_COLUMN_MATRIX_INV))
        data = shift_rows_inv(data)
        data = sub_bytes_inv(data)
-    data = xor(data, expanded_key[:BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES])
-
-    return data
+    return xor(data, expanded_key[:BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES])


 def aes_decrypt_text(data, password, key_size_bytes):
@ -318,9 +310,7 @@ def aes_decrypt_text(data, password, key_size_bytes):
    cipher = data[NONCE_LENGTH_BYTES:]

    decrypted_data = aes_ctr_decrypt(cipher, key, nonce + [0] * (BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES - NONCE_LENGTH_BYTES))
-    plaintext = intlist_to_bytes(decrypted_data)
-
-    return plaintext
+    return intlist_to_bytes(decrypted_data)


 RCON = (0x8d, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 0x1b, 0x36)
@ -428,9 +418,7 @@ def key_expansion(data):
        for _ in range(3 if key_size_bytes == 32 else 2 if key_size_bytes == 24 else 0):
            temp = data[-4:]
            data += xor(temp, data[-key_size_bytes: 4 - key_size_bytes])
-    data = data[:expanded_key_size_bytes]
-
-    return data
+    return data[:expanded_key_size_bytes]


 def iter_vector(iv):
@ -511,7 +499,7 @@ def block_product(block_x, block_y):
    # NIST SP 800-38D, Algorithm 1

    if len(block_x) != BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES or len(block_y) != BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES:
-        raise ValueError("Length of blocks need to be %d bytes" % BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES)
+        raise ValueError(f'Length of blocks need to be {BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES} bytes')

    block_r = [0xE1] + [0] * (BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES - 1)
    block_v = block_y[:]
@ -534,7 +522,7 @@ def ghash(subkey, data):
    # NIST SP 800-38D, Algorithm 2

    if len(data) % BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES:
-        raise ValueError("Length of data should be %d bytes" % BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES)
+        raise ValueError(f'Length of data should be {BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES} bytes')

    last_y = [0] * BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES
    for i in range(0, len(data), BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES):
--- a/yt_dlp/cache.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/cache.py
@ -81,10 +81,10 @@ class Cache:

        cachedir = self._get_root_dir()
        if not any((term in cachedir) for term in ('cache', 'tmp')):
-            raise Exception('Not removing directory %s - this does not look like a cache dir' % cachedir)
+            raise Exception(f'Not removing directory {cachedir} - this does not look like a cache dir')

        self._ydl.to_screen(
-            'Removing cache dir %s .' % cachedir, skip_eol=True)
+            f'Removing cache dir {cachedir} .', skip_eol=True)
        if os.path.exists(cachedir):
            self._ydl.to_screen('.', skip_eol=True)
            shutil.rmtree(cachedir)
--- a/yt_dlp/compat/_legacy.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/compat/_legacy.py
@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ from .compat_utils import passthrough_module
 from ..dependencies import brotli as compat_brotli  # noqa: F401
 from ..dependencies import websockets as compat_websockets  # noqa: F401
 from ..dependencies.Cryptodome import AES as compat_pycrypto_AES  # noqa: F401
-from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError as compat_HTTPError  # noqa: F401
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError as compat_HTTPError

 passthrough_module(__name__, '...utils', ('WINDOWS_VT_MODE', 'windows_enable_vt_mode'))

--- a/yt_dlp/compat/compat_utils.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/compat/compat_utils.py
@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ def passthrough_module(parent, child, allowed_attributes=(..., ), *, callback=la
        callback(attr)
        return ret

-    @functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+    @functools.cache
    def from_child(attr):
        nonlocal child
        if attr not in allowed_attributes:
--- a/yt_dlp/compat/functools.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/compat/functools.py
@ -5,8 +5,3 @@ from .compat_utils import passthrough_module

 passthrough_module(__name__, 'functools')
 del passthrough_module
-
-try:
-    cache  # >= 3.9
-except NameError:
-    cache = lru_cache(maxsize=None)
--- a/yt_dlp/compat/imghdr.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/compat/imghdr.py
@ -1,16 +1,22 @@
-tests = {
-    'webp': lambda h: h[0:4] == b'RIFF' and h[8:] == b'WEBP',
-    'png': lambda h: h[:8] == b'\211PNG\r\n\032\n',
-    'jpeg': lambda h: h[6:10] in (b'JFIF', b'Exif'),
-    'gif': lambda h: h[:6] in (b'GIF87a', b'GIF89a'),
-}
-
-
 def what(file=None, h=None):
    """Detect format of image (Currently supports jpeg, png, webp, gif only)
-    Ref: https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/3.10/Lib/imghdr.py
+    Ref: https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/3.11/Lib/imghdr.py
+    Ref: https://www.w3.org/Graphics/JPEG/itu-t81.pdf
    """
    if h is None:
        with open(file, 'rb') as f:
            h = f.read(12)
-    return next((type_ for type_, test in tests.items() if test(h)), None)
+
+    if h.startswith(b'RIFF') and h.startswith(b'WEBP', 8):
+        return 'webp'
+
+    if h.startswith(b'\x89PNG'):
+        return 'png'
+
+    if h.startswith(b'\xFF\xD8\xFF'):
+        return 'jpeg'
+
+    if h.startswith(b'GIF'):
+        return 'gif'
+
+    return None
--- a/yt_dlp/cookies.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/cookies.py
@ -2,7 +2,9 @@ import base64
 import collections
 import contextlib
 import datetime as dt
+import functools
 import glob
+import hashlib
 import http.cookiejar
 import http.cookies
 import io
@ -17,14 +19,12 @@ import tempfile
 import time
 import urllib.request
 from enum import Enum, auto
-from hashlib import pbkdf2_hmac

 from .aes import (
    aes_cbc_decrypt_bytes,
    aes_gcm_decrypt_and_verify_bytes,
    unpad_pkcs7,
 )
-from .compat import functools  # isort: split
 from .compat import compat_os_name
 from .dependencies import (
    _SECRETSTORAGE_UNAVAILABLE_REASON,
@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ from .dependencies import (
 from .minicurses import MultilinePrinter, QuietMultilinePrinter
 from .utils import (
    DownloadError,
+    YoutubeDLError,
    Popen,
    error_to_str,
    expand_path,
@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ from .utils import (
 from .utils._utils import _YDLLogger
 from .utils.networking import normalize_url

-CHROMIUM_BASED_BROWSERS = {'brave', 'chrome', 'chromium', 'edge', 'opera', 'vivaldi'}
+CHROMIUM_BASED_BROWSERS = {'brave', 'chrome', 'chromium', 'edge', 'opera', 'vivaldi', 'whale'}
 SUPPORTED_BROWSERS = CHROMIUM_BASED_BROWSERS | {'firefox', 'safari'}


@ -86,24 +87,31 @@ def _create_progress_bar(logger):
    return printer


+class CookieLoadError(YoutubeDLError):
+    pass
+
+
 def load_cookies(cookie_file, browser_specification, ydl):
-    cookie_jars = []
-    if browser_specification is not None:
-        browser_name, profile, keyring, container = _parse_browser_specification(*browser_specification)
-        cookie_jars.append(
-            extract_cookies_from_browser(browser_name, profile, YDLLogger(ydl), keyring=keyring, container=container))
+    try:
+        cookie_jars = []
+        if browser_specification is not None:
+            browser_name, profile, keyring, container = _parse_browser_specification(*browser_specification)
+            cookie_jars.append(
+                extract_cookies_from_browser(browser_name, profile, YDLLogger(ydl), keyring=keyring, container=container))

-    if cookie_file is not None:
-        is_filename = is_path_like(cookie_file)
-        if is_filename:
-            cookie_file = expand_path(cookie_file)
+        if cookie_file is not None:
+            is_filename = is_path_like(cookie_file)
+            if is_filename:
+                cookie_file = expand_path(cookie_file)

-        jar = YoutubeDLCookieJar(cookie_file)
-        if not is_filename or os.access(cookie_file, os.R_OK):
-            jar.load()
-        cookie_jars.append(jar)
+            jar = YoutubeDLCookieJar(cookie_file)
+            if not is_filename or os.access(cookie_file, os.R_OK):
+                jar.load()
+            cookie_jars.append(jar)

-    return _merge_cookie_jars(cookie_jars)
+        return _merge_cookie_jars(cookie_jars)
+    except Exception:
+        raise CookieLoadError('failed to load cookies')


 def extract_cookies_from_browser(browser_name, profile=None, logger=YDLLogger(), *, keyring=None, container=None):
@ -146,7 +154,7 @@ def _extract_firefox_cookies(profile, container, logger):
            identities = json.load(containers).get('identities', [])
        container_id = next((context.get('userContextId') for context in identities if container in (
            context.get('name'),
-            try_call(lambda: re.fullmatch(r'userContext([^\.]+)\.label', context['l10nID']).group())
+            try_call(lambda: re.fullmatch(r'userContext([^\.]+)\.label', context['l10nID']).group()),
        )), None)
        if not isinstance(container_id, int):
            raise ValueError(f'could not find firefox container "{container}" in containers.json')
@ -219,6 +227,7 @@ def _get_chromium_based_browser_settings(browser_name):
            'edge': os.path.join(appdata_local, R'Microsoft\Edge\User Data'),
            'opera': os.path.join(appdata_roaming, R'Opera Software\Opera Stable'),
            'vivaldi': os.path.join(appdata_local, R'Vivaldi\User Data'),
+            'whale': os.path.join(appdata_local, R'Naver\Naver Whale\User Data'),
        }[browser_name]

    elif sys.platform == 'darwin':
@ -230,6 +239,7 @@ def _get_chromium_based_browser_settings(browser_name):
            'edge': os.path.join(appdata, 'Microsoft Edge'),
            'opera': os.path.join(appdata, 'com.operasoftware.Opera'),
            'vivaldi': os.path.join(appdata, 'Vivaldi'),
+            'whale': os.path.join(appdata, 'Naver/Whale'),
        }[browser_name]

    else:
@ -241,6 +251,7 @@ def _get_chromium_based_browser_settings(browser_name):
            'edge': os.path.join(config, 'microsoft-edge'),
            'opera': os.path.join(config, 'opera'),
            'vivaldi': os.path.join(config, 'vivaldi'),
+            'whale': os.path.join(config, 'naver-whale'),
        }[browser_name]

    # Linux keyring names can be determined by snooping on dbus while opening the browser in KDE:
@ -252,6 +263,7 @@ def _get_chromium_based_browser_settings(browser_name):
        'edge': 'Microsoft Edge' if sys.platform == 'darwin' else 'Chromium',
        'opera': 'Opera' if sys.platform == 'darwin' else 'Chromium',
        'vivaldi': 'Vivaldi' if sys.platform == 'darwin' else 'Chrome',
+        'whale': 'Whale',
    }[browser_name]

    browsers_without_profiles = {'opera'}
@ -259,7 +271,7 @@ def _get_chromium_based_browser_settings(browser_name):
    return {
        'browser_dir': browser_dir,
        'keyring_name': keyring_name,
-        'supports_profiles': browser_name not in browsers_without_profiles
+        'supports_profiles': browser_name not in browsers_without_profiles,
    }


@ -290,12 +302,18 @@ def _extract_chrome_cookies(browser_name, profile, keyring, logger):
        raise FileNotFoundError(f'could not find {browser_name} cookies database in "{search_root}"')
    logger.debug(f'Extracting cookies from: "{cookie_database_path}"')

-    decryptor = get_cookie_decryptor(config['browser_dir'], config['keyring_name'], logger, keyring=keyring)
-
    with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory(prefix='yt_dlp') as tmpdir:
        cursor = None
        try:
            cursor = _open_database_copy(cookie_database_path, tmpdir)
+
+            # meta_version is necessary to determine if we need to trim the hash prefix from the cookies
+            # Ref: https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/b02dcebd7cafab92770734dc2bc317bd07f1d891/net/extras/sqlite/sqlite_persistent_cookie_store.cc#223
+            meta_version = int(cursor.execute('SELECT value FROM meta WHERE key = "version"').fetchone()[0])
+            decryptor = get_cookie_decryptor(
+                config['browser_dir'], config['keyring_name'], logger,
+                keyring=keyring, meta_version=meta_version)
+
            cursor.connection.text_factory = bytes
            column_names = _get_column_names(cursor, 'cookies')
            secure_column = 'is_secure' if 'is_secure' in column_names else 'secure'
@ -347,6 +365,11 @@ def _process_chrome_cookie(decryptor, host_key, name, value, encrypted_value, pa
        if value is None:
            return is_encrypted, None

+    # In chrome, session cookies have expires_utc set to 0
+    # In our cookie-store, cookies that do not expire should have expires set to None
+    if not expires_utc:
+        expires_utc = None
+
    return is_encrypted, http.cookiejar.Cookie(
        version=0, name=name, value=value, port=None, port_specified=False,
        domain=host_key, domain_specified=bool(host_key), domain_initial_dot=host_key.startswith('.'),
@ -388,22 +411,23 @@ class ChromeCookieDecryptor:
        raise NotImplementedError('Must be implemented by sub classes')


-def get_cookie_decryptor(browser_root, browser_keyring_name, logger, *, keyring=None):
+def get_cookie_decryptor(browser_root, browser_keyring_name, logger, *, keyring=None, meta_version=None):
    if sys.platform == 'darwin':
-        return MacChromeCookieDecryptor(browser_keyring_name, logger)
+        return MacChromeCookieDecryptor(browser_keyring_name, logger, meta_version=meta_version)
    elif sys.platform in ('win32', 'cygwin'):
-        return WindowsChromeCookieDecryptor(browser_root, logger)
-    return LinuxChromeCookieDecryptor(browser_keyring_name, logger, keyring=keyring)
+        return WindowsChromeCookieDecryptor(browser_root, logger, meta_version=meta_version)
+    return LinuxChromeCookieDecryptor(browser_keyring_name, logger, keyring=keyring, meta_version=meta_version)


 class LinuxChromeCookieDecryptor(ChromeCookieDecryptor):
-    def __init__(self, browser_keyring_name, logger, *, keyring=None):
+    def __init__(self, browser_keyring_name, logger, *, keyring=None, meta_version=None):
        self._logger = logger
        self._v10_key = self.derive_key(b'peanuts')
        self._empty_key = self.derive_key(b'')
        self._cookie_counts = {'v10': 0, 'v11': 0, 'other': 0}
        self._browser_keyring_name = browser_keyring_name
        self._keyring = keyring
+        self._meta_version = meta_version or 0

    @functools.cached_property
    def _v11_key(self):
@ -432,14 +456,18 @@ class LinuxChromeCookieDecryptor(ChromeCookieDecryptor):

        if version == b'v10':
            self._cookie_counts['v10'] += 1
-            return _decrypt_aes_cbc_multi(ciphertext, (self._v10_key, self._empty_key), self._logger)
+            return _decrypt_aes_cbc_multi(
+                ciphertext, (self._v10_key, self._empty_key), self._logger,
+                hash_prefix=self._meta_version >= 24)

        elif version == b'v11':
            self._cookie_counts['v11'] += 1
            if self._v11_key is None:
                self._logger.warning('cannot decrypt v11 cookies: no key found', only_once=True)
                return None
-            return _decrypt_aes_cbc_multi(ciphertext, (self._v11_key, self._empty_key), self._logger)
+            return _decrypt_aes_cbc_multi(
+                ciphertext, (self._v11_key, self._empty_key), self._logger,
+                hash_prefix=self._meta_version >= 24)

        else:
            self._logger.warning(f'unknown cookie version: "{version}"', only_once=True)
@ -448,11 +476,12 @@ class LinuxChromeCookieDecryptor(ChromeCookieDecryptor):


 class MacChromeCookieDecryptor(ChromeCookieDecryptor):
-    def __init__(self, browser_keyring_name, logger):
+    def __init__(self, browser_keyring_name, logger, meta_version=None):
        self._logger = logger
        password = _get_mac_keyring_password(browser_keyring_name, logger)
        self._v10_key = None if password is None else self.derive_key(password)
        self._cookie_counts = {'v10': 0, 'other': 0}
+        self._meta_version = meta_version or 0

    @staticmethod
    def derive_key(password):
@ -470,7 +499,8 @@ class MacChromeCookieDecryptor(ChromeCookieDecryptor):
                self._logger.warning('cannot decrypt v10 cookies: no key found', only_once=True)
                return None

-            return _decrypt_aes_cbc_multi(ciphertext, (self._v10_key,), self._logger)
+            return _decrypt_aes_cbc_multi(
+                ciphertext, (self._v10_key,), self._logger, hash_prefix=self._meta_version >= 24)

        else:
            self._cookie_counts['other'] += 1
@ -480,10 +510,11 @@ class MacChromeCookieDecryptor(ChromeCookieDecryptor):


 class WindowsChromeCookieDecryptor(ChromeCookieDecryptor):
-    def __init__(self, browser_root, logger):
+    def __init__(self, browser_root, logger, meta_version=None):
        self._logger = logger
        self._v10_key = _get_windows_v10_key(browser_root, logger)
        self._cookie_counts = {'v10': 0, 'other': 0}
+        self._meta_version = meta_version or 0

    def decrypt(self, encrypted_value):
        version = encrypted_value[:3]
@ -507,7 +538,9 @@ class WindowsChromeCookieDecryptor(ChromeCookieDecryptor):
            ciphertext = raw_ciphertext[nonce_length:-authentication_tag_length]
            authentication_tag = raw_ciphertext[-authentication_tag_length:]

-            return _decrypt_aes_gcm(ciphertext, self._v10_key, nonce, authentication_tag, self._logger)
+            return _decrypt_aes_gcm(
+                ciphertext, self._v10_key, nonce, authentication_tag, self._logger,
+                hash_prefix=self._meta_version >= 24)

        else:
            self._cookie_counts['other'] += 1
@ -731,40 +764,38 @@ def _get_linux_desktop_environment(env, logger):
    xdg_current_desktop = env.get('XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP', None)
    desktop_session = env.get('DESKTOP_SESSION', None)
    if xdg_current_desktop is not None:
-        xdg_current_desktop = xdg_current_desktop.split(':')[0].strip()
-
-        if xdg_current_desktop == 'Unity':
-            if desktop_session is not None and 'gnome-fallback' in desktop_session:
+        for part in map(str.strip, xdg_current_desktop.split(':')):
+            if part == 'Unity':
+                if desktop_session is not None and 'gnome-fallback' in desktop_session:
+                    return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.GNOME
+                else:
+                    return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.UNITY
+            elif part == 'Deepin':
+                return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.DEEPIN
+            elif part == 'GNOME':
                return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.GNOME
-            else:
-                return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.UNITY
-        elif xdg_current_desktop == 'Deepin':
-            return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.DEEPIN
-        elif xdg_current_desktop == 'GNOME':
-            return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.GNOME
-        elif xdg_current_desktop == 'X-Cinnamon':
-            return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.CINNAMON
-        elif xdg_current_desktop == 'KDE':
-            kde_version = env.get('KDE_SESSION_VERSION', None)
-            if kde_version == '5':
-                return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.KDE5
-            elif kde_version == '6':
-                return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.KDE6
-            elif kde_version == '4':
-                return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.KDE4
-            else:
-                logger.info(f'unknown KDE version: "{kde_version}". Assuming KDE4')
-                return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.KDE4
-        elif xdg_current_desktop == 'Pantheon':
-            return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.PANTHEON
-        elif xdg_current_desktop == 'XFCE':
-            return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.XFCE
-        elif xdg_current_desktop == 'UKUI':
-            return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.UKUI
-        elif xdg_current_desktop == 'LXQt':
-            return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.LXQT
-        else:
-            logger.info(f'XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP is set to an unknown value: "{xdg_current_desktop}"')
+            elif part == 'X-Cinnamon':
+                return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.CINNAMON
+            elif part == 'KDE':
+                kde_version = env.get('KDE_SESSION_VERSION', None)
+                if kde_version == '5':
+                    return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.KDE5
+                elif kde_version == '6':
+                    return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.KDE6
+                elif kde_version == '4':
+                    return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.KDE4
+                else:
+                    logger.info(f'unknown KDE version: "{kde_version}". Assuming KDE4')
+                    return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.KDE4
+            elif part == 'Pantheon':
+                return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.PANTHEON
+            elif part == 'XFCE':
+                return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.XFCE
+            elif part == 'UKUI':
+                return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.UKUI
+            elif part == 'LXQt':
+                return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.LXQT
+        logger.info(f'XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP is set to an unknown value: "{xdg_current_desktop}"')

    elif desktop_session is not None:
        if desktop_session == 'deepin':
@ -817,7 +848,7 @@ def _choose_linux_keyring(logger):
    elif desktop_environment == _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.KDE6:
        linux_keyring = _LinuxKeyring.KWALLET6
    elif desktop_environment in (
-        _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.KDE3, _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.LXQT, _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.OTHER
+        _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.KDE3, _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.LXQT, _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.OTHER,
    ):
        linux_keyring = _LinuxKeyring.BASICTEXT
    else:
@ -852,7 +883,7 @@ def _get_kwallet_network_wallet(keyring, logger):
            'dbus-send', '--session', '--print-reply=literal',
            f'--dest={service_name}',
            wallet_path,
-            'org.kde.KWallet.networkWallet'
+            'org.kde.KWallet.networkWallet',
        ], text=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL)

        if returncode:
@ -882,7 +913,7 @@ def _get_kwallet_password(browser_keyring_name, keyring, logger):
            'kwallet-query',
            '--read-password', f'{browser_keyring_name} Safe Storage',
            '--folder', f'{browser_keyring_name} Keys',
-            network_wallet
+            network_wallet,
        ], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL)

        if returncode:
@ -922,9 +953,8 @@ def _get_gnome_keyring_password(browser_keyring_name, logger):
        for item in col.get_all_items():
            if item.get_label() == f'{browser_keyring_name} Safe Storage':
                return item.get_secret()
-        else:
-            logger.error('failed to read from keyring')
-            return b''
+        logger.error('failed to read from keyring')
+        return b''


 def _get_linux_keyring_password(browser_keyring_name, keyring, logger):
@ -993,13 +1023,15 @@ def _get_windows_v10_key(browser_root, logger):


 def pbkdf2_sha1(password, salt, iterations, key_length):
-    return pbkdf2_hmac('sha1', password, salt, iterations, key_length)
+    return hashlib.pbkdf2_hmac('sha1', password, salt, iterations, key_length)


-def _decrypt_aes_cbc_multi(ciphertext, keys, logger, initialization_vector=b' ' * 16):
+def _decrypt_aes_cbc_multi(ciphertext, keys, logger, initialization_vector=b' ' * 16, hash_prefix=False):
    for key in keys:
        plaintext = unpad_pkcs7(aes_cbc_decrypt_bytes(ciphertext, key, initialization_vector))
        try:
+            if hash_prefix:
+                return plaintext[32:].decode()
            return plaintext.decode()
        except UnicodeDecodeError:
            pass
@ -1007,7 +1039,7 @@ def _decrypt_aes_cbc_multi(ciphertext, keys, logger, initialization_vector=b' '
    return None


-def _decrypt_aes_gcm(ciphertext, key, nonce, authentication_tag, logger):
+def _decrypt_aes_gcm(ciphertext, key, nonce, authentication_tag, logger, hash_prefix=False):
    try:
        plaintext = aes_gcm_decrypt_and_verify_bytes(ciphertext, key, authentication_tag, nonce)
    except ValueError:
@ -1015,6 +1047,8 @@ def _decrypt_aes_gcm(ciphertext, key, nonce, authentication_tag, logger):
        return None

    try:
+        if hash_prefix:
+            return plaintext[32:].decode()
        return plaintext.decode()
    except UnicodeDecodeError:
        logger.warning('failed to decrypt cookie (AES-GCM) because UTF-8 decoding failed. Possibly the key is wrong?', only_once=True)
@ -1044,11 +1078,12 @@ def _decrypt_windows_dpapi(ciphertext, logger):
        None,  # pvReserved: must be NULL
        None,  # pPromptStruct: information about prompts to display
        0,  # dwFlags
-        ctypes.byref(blob_out)  # pDataOut
+        ctypes.byref(blob_out),  # pDataOut
    )
    if not ret:
-        logger.warning('failed to decrypt with DPAPI', only_once=True)
-        return None
+        message = 'Failed to decrypt with DPAPI. See  https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10927  for more info'
+        logger.error(message)
+        raise DownloadError(message)  # force exit

    result = ctypes.string_at(blob_out.pbData, blob_out.cbData)
    ctypes.windll.kernel32.LocalFree(blob_out.pbData)
@ -1120,24 +1155,24 @@ class LenientSimpleCookie(http.cookies.SimpleCookie):
    _LEGAL_VALUE_CHARS = _LEGAL_KEY_CHARS + re.escape('(),/<=>?@[]{}')

    _RESERVED = {
-        "expires",
-        "path",
-        "comment",
-        "domain",
-        "max-age",
-        "secure",
-        "httponly",
-        "version",
-        "samesite",
+        'expires',
+        'path',
+        'comment',
+        'domain',
+        'max-age',
+        'secure',
+        'httponly',
+        'version',
+        'samesite',
    }

-    _FLAGS = {"secure", "httponly"}
+    _FLAGS = {'secure', 'httponly'}

    # Added 'bad' group to catch the remaining value
-    _COOKIE_PATTERN = re.compile(r"""
+    _COOKIE_PATTERN = re.compile(r'''
        \s*                            # Optional whitespace at start of cookie
        (?P<key>                       # Start of group 'key'
-        [""" + _LEGAL_KEY_CHARS + r"""]+?# Any word of at least one letter
+        [''' + _LEGAL_KEY_CHARS + r''']+?# Any word of at least one letter
        )                              # End of group 'key'
        (                              # Optional group: there may not be a value.
        \s*=\s*                          # Equal Sign
@ -1147,7 +1182,7 @@ class LenientSimpleCookie(http.cookies.SimpleCookie):
        |                                    # or
        \w{3},\s[\w\d\s-]{9,11}\s[\d:]{8}\sGMT # Special case for "expires" attr
        |                                    # or
-        [""" + _LEGAL_VALUE_CHARS + r"""]*     # Any word or empty string
+        [''' + _LEGAL_VALUE_CHARS + r''']*     # Any word or empty string
        )                                  # End of group 'val'
        |                                  # or
        (?P<bad>(?:\\;|[^;])*?)            # 'bad' group fallback for invalid values
@ -1155,7 +1190,7 @@ class LenientSimpleCookie(http.cookies.SimpleCookie):
        )?                             # End of optional value group
        \s*                            # Any number of spaces.
        (\s+|;|$)                      # Ending either at space, semicolon, or EOS.
-        """, re.ASCII | re.VERBOSE)
+        ''', re.ASCII | re.VERBOSE)

    def load(self, data):
        # Workaround for https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/4776
@ -1251,14 +1286,14 @@ class YoutubeDLCookieJar(http.cookiejar.MozillaCookieJar):
                # with no name, whereas http.cookiejar regards it as a
                # cookie with no value.
                name, value = '', name
-            f.write('%s\n' % '\t'.join((
+            f.write('{}\n'.format('\t'.join((
                cookie.domain,
                self._true_or_false(cookie.domain.startswith('.')),
                cookie.path,
                self._true_or_false(cookie.secure),
                str_or_none(cookie.expires, default=''),
-                name, value
-            )))
+                name, value,
+            ))))

    def save(self, filename=None, ignore_discard=True, ignore_expires=True):
        """
@ -1297,10 +1332,10 @@ class YoutubeDLCookieJar(http.cookiejar.MozillaCookieJar):
                return line
            cookie_list = line.split('\t')
            if len(cookie_list) != self._ENTRY_LEN:
-                raise http.cookiejar.LoadError('invalid length %d' % len(cookie_list))
+                raise http.cookiejar.LoadError(f'invalid length {len(cookie_list)}')
            cookie = self._CookieFileEntry(*cookie_list)
            if cookie.expires_at and not cookie.expires_at.isdigit():
-                raise http.cookiejar.LoadError('invalid expires at %s' % cookie.expires_at)
+                raise http.cookiejar.LoadError(f'invalid expires at {cookie.expires_at}')
            return line

        cf = io.StringIO()
--- a/yt_dlp/dependencies/Cryptodome.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/dependencies/Cryptodome.py
@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ try:
        from Crypto.Cipher import AES, PKCS1_OAEP, Blowfish, PKCS1_v1_5  # noqa: F401
        from Crypto.Hash import CMAC, SHA1  # noqa: F401
        from Crypto.PublicKey import RSA  # noqa: F401
-except ImportError:
+except (ImportError, OSError):
    __version__ = f'broken {__version__}'.strip()


--- a/yt_dlp/downloader/common.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/downloader/common.py
@ -404,7 +404,7 @@ class FileDownloader:

    def report_resuming_byte(self, resume_len):
        """Report attempt to resume at given byte."""
-        self.to_screen('[download] Resuming download at byte %s' % resume_len)
+        self.to_screen(f'[download] Resuming download at byte {resume_len}')

    def report_retry(self, err, count, retries, frag_index=NO_DEFAULT, fatal=True):
        """Report retry"""
--- a/yt_dlp/downloader/external.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/downloader/external.py
@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import enum
+import functools
 import json
 import os
 import re
@ -9,7 +10,6 @@ import time
 import uuid

 from .fragment import FragmentFD
-from ..compat import functools
 from ..networking import Request
 from ..postprocessor.ffmpeg import EXT_TO_OUT_FORMATS, FFmpegPostProcessor
 from ..utils import (
@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ class ExternalFD(FragmentFD):
            # correct and expected termination thus all postprocessing
            # should take place
            retval = 0
-            self.to_screen('[%s] Interrupted by user' % self.get_basename())
+            self.to_screen(f'[{self.get_basename()}] Interrupted by user')
        finally:
            if self._cookies_tempfile:
                self.try_remove(self._cookies_tempfile)
@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ class ExternalFD(FragmentFD):
        return all((
            not info_dict.get('to_stdout') or Features.TO_STDOUT in cls.SUPPORTED_FEATURES,
            '+' not in info_dict['protocol'] or Features.MULTIPLE_FORMATS in cls.SUPPORTED_FEATURES,
-            not traverse_obj(info_dict, ('hls_aes', ...), 'extra_param_to_segment_url'),
+            not traverse_obj(info_dict, ('hls_aes', ...), 'extra_param_to_segment_url', 'extra_param_to_key_url'),
            all(proto in cls.SUPPORTED_PROTOCOLS for proto in info_dict['protocol'].split('+')),
        ))

@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ class ExternalFD(FragmentFD):
        decrypt_fragment = self.decrypter(info_dict)
        dest, _ = self.sanitize_open(tmpfilename, 'wb')
        for frag_index, fragment in enumerate(info_dict['fragments']):
-            fragment_filename = '%s-Frag%d' % (tmpfilename, frag_index)
+            fragment_filename = f'{tmpfilename}-Frag{frag_index}'
            try:
                src, _ = self.sanitize_open(fragment_filename, 'rb')
            except OSError as err:
@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ class ExternalFD(FragmentFD):
            if not self.params.get('keep_fragments', False):
                self.try_remove(encodeFilename(fragment_filename))
        dest.close()
-        self.try_remove(encodeFilename('%s.frag.urls' % tmpfilename))
+        self.try_remove(encodeFilename(f'{tmpfilename}.frag.urls'))
        return 0

    def _call_process(self, cmd, info_dict):
@ -336,11 +336,11 @@ class Aria2cFD(ExternalFD):

        if 'fragments' in info_dict:
            cmd += ['--uri-selector=inorder']
-            url_list_file = '%s.frag.urls' % tmpfilename
+            url_list_file = f'{tmpfilename}.frag.urls'
            url_list = []
            for frag_index, fragment in enumerate(info_dict['fragments']):
-                fragment_filename = '%s-Frag%d' % (os.path.basename(tmpfilename), frag_index)
-                url_list.append('%s\n\tout=%s' % (fragment['url'], self._aria2c_filename(fragment_filename)))
+                fragment_filename = f'{os.path.basename(tmpfilename)}-Frag{frag_index}'
+                url_list.append('{}\n\tout={}'.format(fragment['url'], self._aria2c_filename(fragment_filename)))
            stream, _ = self.sanitize_open(url_list_file, 'wb')
            stream.write('\n'.join(url_list).encode())
            stream.close()
@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ class Aria2cFD(ExternalFD):
            'id': sanitycheck,
            'method': method,
            'params': [f'token:{rpc_secret}', *params],
-        }).encode('utf-8')
+        }).encode()
        request = Request(
            f'http://localhost:{rpc_port}/jsonrpc',
            data=d, headers={
@ -416,7 +416,7 @@ class Aria2cFD(ExternalFD):
                    'total_bytes_estimate': total,
                    'eta': (total - downloaded) / (speed or 1),
                    'fragment_index': min(frag_count, len(completed) + 1) if fragmented else None,
-                    'elapsed': time.time() - started
+                    'elapsed': time.time() - started,
                })
                self._hook_progress(status, info_dict)

@ -508,13 +508,13 @@ class FFmpegFD(ExternalFD):
        env = None
        proxy = self.params.get('proxy')
        if proxy:
-            if not re.match(r'^[\da-zA-Z]+://', proxy):
-                proxy = 'http://%s' % proxy
+            if not re.match(r'[\da-zA-Z]+://', proxy):
+                proxy = f'http://{proxy}'

            if proxy.startswith('socks'):
                self.report_warning(
-                    '%s does not support SOCKS proxies. Downloading is likely to fail. '
-                    'Consider adding --hls-prefer-native to your command.' % self.get_basename())
+                    f'{self.get_basename()} does not support SOCKS proxies. Downloading is likely to fail. '
+                    'Consider adding --hls-prefer-native to your command.')

            # Since December 2015 ffmpeg supports -http_proxy option (see
            # http://git.videolan.org/?p=ffmpeg.git;a=commit;h=b4eb1f29ebddd60c41a2eb39f5af701e38e0d3fd)
@ -559,7 +559,7 @@ class FFmpegFD(ExternalFD):

        selected_formats = info_dict.get('requested_formats') or [info_dict]
        for i, fmt in enumerate(selected_formats):
-            is_http = re.match(r'^https?://', fmt['url'])
+            is_http = re.match(r'https?://', fmt['url'])
            cookies = self.ydl.cookiejar.get_cookies_for_url(fmt['url']) if is_http else []
            if cookies:
                args.extend(['-cookies', ''.join(
@ -575,7 +575,7 @@ class FFmpegFD(ExternalFD):
            if end_time:
                args += ['-t', str(end_time - start_time)]

-            args += self._configuration_args((f'_i{i + 1}', '_i')) + ['-i', fmt['url']]
+            args += [*self._configuration_args((f'_i{i + 1}', '_i')), '-i', fmt['url']]

        if not (start_time or end_time) or not self.params.get('force_keyframes_at_cuts'):
            args += ['-c', 'copy']
--- a/yt_dlp/downloader/f4m.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/downloader/f4m.py
@ -67,12 +67,12 @@ class FlvReader(io.BytesIO):
        self.read_bytes(3)
        quality_entry_count = self.read_unsigned_char()
        # QualityEntryCount
-        for i in range(quality_entry_count):
+        for _ in range(quality_entry_count):
            self.read_string()

        segment_run_count = self.read_unsigned_int()
        segments = []
-        for i in range(segment_run_count):
+        for _ in range(segment_run_count):
            first_segment = self.read_unsigned_int()
            fragments_per_segment = self.read_unsigned_int()
            segments.append((first_segment, fragments_per_segment))
@ -91,12 +91,12 @@ class FlvReader(io.BytesIO):

        quality_entry_count = self.read_unsigned_char()
        # QualitySegmentUrlModifiers
-        for i in range(quality_entry_count):
+        for _ in range(quality_entry_count):
            self.read_string()

        fragments_count = self.read_unsigned_int()
        fragments = []
-        for i in range(fragments_count):
+        for _ in range(fragments_count):
            first = self.read_unsigned_int()
            first_ts = self.read_unsigned_long_long()
            duration = self.read_unsigned_int()
@ -135,11 +135,11 @@ class FlvReader(io.BytesIO):
        self.read_string()  # MovieIdentifier
        server_count = self.read_unsigned_char()
        # ServerEntryTable
-        for i in range(server_count):
+        for _ in range(server_count):
            self.read_string()
        quality_count = self.read_unsigned_char()
        # QualityEntryTable
-        for i in range(quality_count):
+        for _ in range(quality_count):
            self.read_string()
        # DrmData
        self.read_string()
@ -148,14 +148,14 @@ class FlvReader(io.BytesIO):

        segments_count = self.read_unsigned_char()
        segments = []
-        for i in range(segments_count):
+        for _ in range(segments_count):
            box_size, box_type, box_data = self.read_box_info()
            assert box_type == b'asrt'
            segment = FlvReader(box_data).read_asrt()
            segments.append(segment)
        fragments_run_count = self.read_unsigned_char()
        fragments = []
-        for i in range(fragments_run_count):
+        for _ in range(fragments_run_count):
            box_size, box_type, box_data = self.read_box_info()
            assert box_type == b'afrt'
            fragments.append(FlvReader(box_data).read_afrt())
@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ class F4mFD(FragmentFD):
    def real_download(self, filename, info_dict):
        man_url = info_dict['url']
        requested_bitrate = info_dict.get('tbr')
-        self.to_screen('[%s] Downloading f4m manifest' % self.FD_NAME)
+        self.to_screen(f'[{self.FD_NAME}] Downloading f4m manifest')

        urlh = self.ydl.urlopen(self._prepare_url(info_dict, man_url))
        man_url = urlh.url
@ -326,8 +326,8 @@ class F4mFD(FragmentFD):
            formats = sorted(formats, key=lambda f: f[0])
            rate, media = formats[-1]
        else:
-            rate, media = list(filter(
-                lambda f: int(f[0]) == requested_bitrate, formats))[0]
+            rate, media = next(filter(
+                lambda f: int(f[0]) == requested_bitrate, formats))

        # Prefer baseURL for relative URLs as per 11.2 of F4M 3.0 spec.
        man_base_url = get_base_url(doc) or man_url
--- a/yt_dlp/downloader/fragment.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/downloader/fragment.py
@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ class FragmentFD(FileDownloader):
                        '.ytdl file is corrupt' if is_corrupt else
                        'Inconsistent state of incomplete fragment download')
                    self.report_warning(
-                        '%s. Restarting from the beginning ...' % message)
+                        f'{message}. Restarting from the beginning ...')
                    ctx['fragment_index'] = resume_len = 0
                    if 'ytdl_corrupt' in ctx:
                        del ctx['ytdl_corrupt']
@ -366,10 +366,10 @@ class FragmentFD(FileDownloader):
        return decrypt_fragment

    def download_and_append_fragments_multiple(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        '''
+        """
        @params (ctx1, fragments1, info_dict1), (ctx2, fragments2, info_dict2), ...
                all args must be either tuple or list
-        '''
+        """
        interrupt_trigger = [True]
        max_progress = len(args)
        if max_progress == 1:
@ -424,7 +424,7 @@ class FragmentFD(FileDownloader):
            finally:
                tpe.shutdown(wait=True)
        if not interrupt_trigger[0] and not is_live:
-            raise KeyboardInterrupt()
+            raise KeyboardInterrupt
        # we expect the user wants to stop and DO WANT the preceding postprocessors to run;
        # so returning a intermediate result here instead of KeyboardInterrupt on live
        return result
--- a/yt_dlp/downloader/hls.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/downloader/hls.py
@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ class HlsFD(FragmentFD):

    def real_download(self, filename, info_dict):
        man_url = info_dict['url']
-        self.to_screen('[%s] Downloading m3u8 manifest' % self.FD_NAME)
+        self.to_screen(f'[{self.FD_NAME}] Downloading m3u8 manifest')

        urlh = self.ydl.urlopen(self._prepare_url(info_dict, man_url))
        man_url = urlh.url
@ -160,10 +160,12 @@ class HlsFD(FragmentFD):
        extra_state = ctx.setdefault('extra_state', {})

        format_index = info_dict.get('format_index')
-        extra_query = None
-        extra_param_to_segment_url = info_dict.get('extra_param_to_segment_url')
-        if extra_param_to_segment_url:
-            extra_query = urllib.parse.parse_qs(extra_param_to_segment_url)
+        extra_segment_query = None
+        if extra_param_to_segment_url := info_dict.get('extra_param_to_segment_url'):
+            extra_segment_query = urllib.parse.parse_qs(extra_param_to_segment_url)
+        extra_key_query = None
+        if extra_param_to_key_url := info_dict.get('extra_param_to_key_url'):
+            extra_key_query = urllib.parse.parse_qs(extra_param_to_key_url)
        i = 0
        media_sequence = 0
        decrypt_info = {'METHOD': 'NONE'}
@ -190,8 +192,8 @@ class HlsFD(FragmentFD):
                    if frag_index <= ctx['fragment_index']:
                        continue
                    frag_url = urljoin(man_url, line)
-                    if extra_query:
-                        frag_url = update_url_query(frag_url, extra_query)
+                    if extra_segment_query:
+                        frag_url = update_url_query(frag_url, extra_segment_query)

                    fragments.append({
                        'frag_index': frag_index,
@ -212,8 +214,8 @@ class HlsFD(FragmentFD):
                    frag_index += 1
                    map_info = parse_m3u8_attributes(line[11:])
                    frag_url = urljoin(man_url, map_info.get('URI'))
-                    if extra_query:
-                        frag_url = update_url_query(frag_url, extra_query)
+                    if extra_segment_query:
+                        frag_url = update_url_query(frag_url, extra_segment_query)

                    if map_info.get('BYTERANGE'):
                        splitted_byte_range = map_info.get('BYTERANGE').split('@')
@ -228,7 +230,7 @@ class HlsFD(FragmentFD):
                        'url': frag_url,
                        'decrypt_info': decrypt_info,
                        'byte_range': byte_range,
-                        'media_sequence': media_sequence
+                        'media_sequence': media_sequence,
                    })
                    media_sequence += 1

@ -244,8 +246,10 @@ class HlsFD(FragmentFD):
                            decrypt_info['KEY'] = external_aes_key
                        else:
                            decrypt_info['URI'] = urljoin(man_url, decrypt_info['URI'])
-                            if extra_query:
-                                decrypt_info['URI'] = update_url_query(decrypt_info['URI'], extra_query)
+                            if extra_key_query or extra_segment_query:
+                                # Fall back to extra_segment_query to key for backwards compat
+                                decrypt_info['URI'] = update_url_query(
+                                    decrypt_info['URI'], extra_key_query or extra_segment_query)
                            if decrypt_url != decrypt_info['URI']:
                                decrypt_info['KEY'] = None

@ -350,9 +354,8 @@ class HlsFD(FragmentFD):
                            # XXX: this should probably be silent as well
                            # or verify that all segments contain the same data
                            self.report_warning(bug_reports_message(
-                                'Discarding a %s block found in the middle of the stream; '
-                                'if the subtitles display incorrectly,'
-                                % (type(block).__name__)))
+                                f'Discarding a {type(block).__name__} block found in the middle of the stream; '
+                                'if the subtitles display incorrectly,'))
                            continue
                    block.write_into(output)

--- a/yt_dlp/downloader/http.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/downloader/http.py
@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ class HttpFD(FileDownloader):
                                'downloaded_bytes': ctx.resume_len,
                                'total_bytes': ctx.resume_len,
                            }, info_dict)
-                            raise SucceedDownload()
+                            raise SucceedDownload
                        else:
                            # The length does not match, we start the download over
                            self.report_unable_to_resume()
@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ class HttpFD(FileDownloader):

        def close_stream():
            if ctx.stream is not None:
-                if not ctx.tmpfilename == '-':
+                if ctx.tmpfilename != '-':
                    ctx.stream.close()
                ctx.stream = None

@ -268,20 +268,20 @@ class HttpFD(FileDownloader):
                        ctx.filename = self.undo_temp_name(ctx.tmpfilename)
                        self.report_destination(ctx.filename)
                    except OSError as err:
-                        self.report_error('unable to open for writing: %s' % str(err))
+                        self.report_error(f'unable to open for writing: {err}')
                        return False

                    if self.params.get('xattr_set_filesize', False) and data_len is not None:
                        try:
                            write_xattr(ctx.tmpfilename, 'user.ytdl.filesize', str(data_len).encode())
                        except (XAttrUnavailableError, XAttrMetadataError) as err:
-                            self.report_error('unable to set filesize xattr: %s' % str(err))
+                            self.report_error(f'unable to set filesize xattr: {err}')

                try:
                    ctx.stream.write(data_block)
                except OSError as err:
                    self.to_stderr('\n')
-                    self.report_error('unable to write data: %s' % str(err))
+                    self.report_error(f'unable to write data: {err}')
                    return False

                # Apply rate limit
@ -327,7 +327,7 @@ class HttpFD(FileDownloader):
                    elif now - ctx.throttle_start > 3:
                        if ctx.stream is not None and ctx.tmpfilename != '-':
                            ctx.stream.close()
-                        raise ThrottledDownload()
+                        raise ThrottledDownload
                elif speed:
                    ctx.throttle_start = None

@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ class HttpFD(FileDownloader):

            if not is_test and ctx.chunk_size and ctx.content_len is not None and byte_counter < ctx.content_len:
                ctx.resume_len = byte_counter
-                raise NextFragment()
+                raise NextFragment

            if ctx.tmpfilename != '-':
                ctx.stream.close()
--- a/yt_dlp/downloader/ism.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/downloader/ism.py
@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ class IsmFD(FragmentFD):
        skip_unavailable_fragments = self.params.get('skip_unavailable_fragments', True)

        frag_index = 0
-        for i, segment in enumerate(segments):
+        for segment in segments:
            frag_index += 1
            if frag_index <= ctx['fragment_index']:
                continue
--- a/yt_dlp/downloader/mhtml.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/downloader/mhtml.py
@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ from ..version import __version__ as YT_DLP_VERSION


 class MhtmlFD(FragmentFD):
-    _STYLESHEET = """\
+    _STYLESHEET = '''\
 html, body {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ body > figure > img {
    max-width: 100%;
    max-height: calc(100vh - 5em);
 }
-"""
+'''
    _STYLESHEET = re.sub(r'\s+', ' ', _STYLESHEET)
    _STYLESHEET = re.sub(r'\B \B|(?<=[\w\-]) (?=[^\w\-])|(?<=[^\w\-]) (?=[\w\-])', '', _STYLESHEET)

@ -57,24 +57,19 @@ body > figure > img {
        )).decode('us-ascii') + '?='

    def _gen_cid(self, i, fragment, frag_boundary):
-        return '%u.%s@yt-dlp.github.io.invalid' % (i, frag_boundary)
+        return f'{i}.{frag_boundary}@yt-dlp.github.io.invalid'

    def _gen_stub(self, *, fragments, frag_boundary, title):
        output = io.StringIO()

-        output.write((
+        output.write(
            '<!DOCTYPE html>'
            '<html>'
            '<head>'
-            ''  '<meta name="generator" content="yt-dlp {version}">'
-            ''  '<title>{title}</title>'
-            ''  '<style>{styles}</style>'
-            '<body>'
-        ).format(
-            version=escapeHTML(YT_DLP_VERSION),
-            styles=self._STYLESHEET,
-            title=escapeHTML(title)
-        ))
+            f'<meta name="generator" content="yt-dlp {escapeHTML(YT_DLP_VERSION)}">'
+            f'<title>{escapeHTML(title)}</title>'
+            f'<style>{self._STYLESHEET}</style>'
+            '<body>')

        t0 = 0
        for i, frag in enumerate(fragments):
@ -87,15 +82,12 @@ body > figure > img {
                    num=i + 1,
                    t0=srt_subtitles_timecode(t0),
                    t1=srt_subtitles_timecode(t1),
-                    duration=formatSeconds(frag['duration'], msec=True)
+                    duration=formatSeconds(frag['duration'], msec=True),
                ))
            except (KeyError, ValueError, TypeError):
                t1 = None
-                output.write((
-                    '<figcaption>Slide #{num}</figcaption>'
-                ).format(num=i + 1))
-            output.write('<img src="cid:{cid}">'.format(
-                cid=self._gen_cid(i, frag, frag_boundary)))
+                output.write(f'<figcaption>Slide #{i + 1}</figcaption>')
+            output.write(f'<img src="cid:{self._gen_cid(i, frag, frag_boundary)}">')
            output.write('</figure>')
            t0 = t1

@ -126,31 +118,24 @@ body > figure > img {
            stub = self._gen_stub(
                fragments=fragments,
                frag_boundary=frag_boundary,
-                title=title
+                title=title,
            )

            ctx['dest_stream'].write((
                'MIME-Version: 1.0\r\n'
                'From: <nowhere@yt-dlp.github.io.invalid>\r\n'
                'To: <nowhere@yt-dlp.github.io.invalid>\r\n'
-                'Subject: {title}\r\n'
+                f'Subject: {self._escape_mime(title)}\r\n'
                'Content-type: multipart/related; '
-                ''  'boundary="{boundary}"; '
-                ''  'type="text/html"\r\n'
-                'X.yt-dlp.Origin: {origin}\r\n'
+                f'boundary="{frag_boundary}"; '
+                'type="text/html"\r\n'
+                f'X.yt-dlp.Origin: {origin}\r\n'
                '\r\n'
-                '--{boundary}\r\n'
+                f'--{frag_boundary}\r\n'
                'Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8\r\n'
-                'Content-Length: {length}\r\n'
+                f'Content-Length: {len(stub)}\r\n'
                '\r\n'
-                '{stub}\r\n'
-            ).format(
-                origin=origin,
-                boundary=frag_boundary,
-                length=len(stub),
-                title=self._escape_mime(title),
-                stub=stub
-            ).encode())
+                f'{stub}\r\n').encode())
            extra_state['header_written'] = True

        for i, fragment in enumerate(fragments):
--- a/yt_dlp/downloader/niconico.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/downloader/niconico.py
@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ class NiconicoDmcFD(FileDownloader):
    def real_download(self, filename, info_dict):
        from ..extractor.niconico import NiconicoIE

-        self.to_screen('[%s] Downloading from DMC' % self.FD_NAME)
+        self.to_screen(f'[{self.FD_NAME}] Downloading from DMC')
        ie = NiconicoIE(self.ydl)
        info_dict, heartbeat_info_dict = ie._get_heartbeat_info(info_dict)

@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ class NiconicoDmcFD(FileDownloader):
            try:
                self.ydl.urlopen(request).read()
            except Exception:
-                self.to_screen('[%s] Heartbeat failed' % self.FD_NAME)
+                self.to_screen(f'[{self.FD_NAME}] Heartbeat failed')

            with heartbeat_lock:
                if not download_complete:
@ -85,14 +85,14 @@ class NiconicoLiveFD(FileDownloader):
                            'quality': live_quality,
                            'protocol': 'hls+fmp4',
                            'latency': live_latency,
-                            'chasePlay': False
+                            'chasePlay': False,
                        },
                        'room': {
                            'protocol': 'webSocket',
-                            'commentable': True
+                            'commentable': True,
                        },
                        'reconnect': True,
-                    }
+                    },
                }))
            else:
                ws = ws_extractor
@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ class NiconicoLiveFD(FileDownloader):
                    elif self.ydl.params.get('verbose', False):
                        if len(recv) > 100:
                            recv = recv[:100] + '...'
-                        self.to_screen('[debug] Server said: %s' % recv)
+                        self.to_screen(f'[debug] Server said: {recv}')

        def ws_main():
            reconnect = False
@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ class NiconicoLiveFD(FileDownloader):
                    if ret is True:
                        return
                except BaseException as e:
-                    self.to_screen('[%s] %s: Connection error occured, reconnecting after 10 seconds: %s' % ('niconico:live', video_id, str_or_none(e)))
+                    self.to_screen('[{}] {}: Connection error occured, reconnecting after 10 seconds: {}'.format('niconico:live', video_id, str_or_none(e)))
                    time.sleep(10)
                    continue
                finally:
--- a/yt_dlp/downloader/rtmp.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/downloader/rtmp.py
@ -180,9 +180,9 @@ class RtmpFD(FileDownloader):

        while retval in (RD_INCOMPLETE, RD_FAILED) and not test and not live:
            prevsize = os.path.getsize(encodeFilename(tmpfilename))
-            self.to_screen('[rtmpdump] Downloaded %s bytes' % prevsize)
+            self.to_screen(f'[rtmpdump] Downloaded {prevsize} bytes')
            time.sleep(5.0)  # This seems to be needed
-            args = basic_args + ['--resume']
+            args = [*basic_args, '--resume']
            if retval == RD_FAILED:
                args += ['--skip', '1']
            args = [encodeArgument(a) for a in args]
@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ class RtmpFD(FileDownloader):
                break
        if retval == RD_SUCCESS or (test and retval == RD_INCOMPLETE):
            fsize = os.path.getsize(encodeFilename(tmpfilename))
-            self.to_screen('[rtmpdump] Downloaded %s bytes' % fsize)
+            self.to_screen(f'[rtmpdump] Downloaded {fsize} bytes')
            self.try_rename(tmpfilename, filename)
            self._hook_progress({
                'downloaded_bytes': fsize,
--- a/yt_dlp/downloader/youtube_live_chat.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/downloader/youtube_live_chat.py
@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ class YoutubeLiveChatFD(FragmentFD):

    def real_download(self, filename, info_dict):
        video_id = info_dict['video_id']
-        self.to_screen('[%s] Downloading live chat' % self.FD_NAME)
+        self.to_screen(f'[{self.FD_NAME}] Downloading live chat')
        if not self.params.get('skip_download') and info_dict['protocol'] == 'youtube_live_chat':
            self.report_warning('Live chat download runs until the livestream ends. '
                                'If you wish to download the video simultaneously, run a separate yt-dlp instance')
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/_extractors.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/_extractors.py
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More