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tailscale/wgengine/router/ifconfig_windows.go

836 lines
22 KiB
Go

/* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
*
* Copyright (C) 2019 WireGuard LLC. All Rights Reserved.
*/
package router
import (
"bytes"
"errors"
"fmt"
"log"
"net"
"runtime"
"sort"
"time"
ole "github.com/go-ole/go-ole"
"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/tun"
"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/windows/tunnel/winipcfg"
"inet.af/netaddr"
"tailscale.com/health"
"tailscale.com/net/interfaces"
"tailscale.com/net/tsaddr"
"tailscale.com/util/multierr"
"tailscale.com/wgengine/winnet"
)
var wintunLinkLocal = netaddr.MustParseIP("fe80::99d0:ec2d:b2e7:536b")
// monitorDefaultRoutes subscribes to route change events and updates
// the Tailscale tunnel interface's MTU to match that of the
// underlying default route.
//
// This is an attempt at making the MTU mostly correct, but in
// practice this entire piece of code ends up just using the 1280
// value passed in at device construction time. This code might make
// the MTU go lower due to very low-MTU IPv4 interfaces.
//
// TODO: this code is insufficient to control the MTU correctly. The
// correct way to do it is per-peer PMTU discovery, and synthesizing
// ICMP fragmentation-needed messages within tailscaled. This code may
// address a few rare corner cases, but is unlikely to significantly
// help with MTU issues compared to a static 1280B implementation.
func monitorDefaultRoutes(tun *tun.NativeTun) (*winipcfg.RouteChangeCallback, error) {
ourLuid := winipcfg.LUID(tun.LUID())
lastMtu := uint32(0)
doIt := func() error {
mtu, err := getDefaultRouteMTU()
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("error getting default route MTU: %w", err)
}
if mtu > 0 && (lastMtu == 0 || lastMtu != mtu) {
iface, err := ourLuid.IPInterface(windows.AF_INET)
if err != nil {
if !errors.Is(err, windows.ERROR_NOT_FOUND) {
return fmt.Errorf("getting v4 interface: %w", err)
}
} else {
iface.NLMTU = mtu - 80
// If the TUN device was created with a smaller MTU,
// though, such as 1280, we don't want to go bigger
// than configured. (See the comment on minimalMTU in
// the wgengine package.)
if min, err := tun.MTU(); err == nil && min < int(iface.NLMTU) {
iface.NLMTU = uint32(min)
}
if iface.NLMTU < 576 {
iface.NLMTU = 576
}
err = iface.Set()
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("error setting v4 MTU: %w", err)
}
tun.ForceMTU(int(iface.NLMTU))
}
iface, err = ourLuid.IPInterface(windows.AF_INET6)
if err != nil {
if !errors.Is(err, windows.ERROR_NOT_FOUND) {
return fmt.Errorf("error getting v6 interface: %w", err)
}
} else {
iface.NLMTU = mtu - 80
if iface.NLMTU < 1280 {
iface.NLMTU = 1280
}
err = iface.Set()
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("error setting v6 MTU: %w", err)
}
}
lastMtu = mtu
}
return nil
}
err := doIt()
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
cb, err := winipcfg.RegisterRouteChangeCallback(func(notificationType winipcfg.MibNotificationType, route *winipcfg.MibIPforwardRow2) {
//fmt.Printf("MonitorDefaultRoutes: changed: %v\n", route.DestinationPrefix)
if route.DestinationPrefix.PrefixLength == 0 {
_ = doIt()
}
})
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return cb, nil
}
func getDefaultRouteMTU() (uint32, error) {
mtus, err := interfaces.NonTailscaleMTUs()
if err != nil {
return 0, err
}
routes, err := winipcfg.GetIPForwardTable2(windows.AF_INET)
if err != nil {
return 0, err
}
best := ^uint32(0)
mtu := uint32(0)
for _, route := range routes {
if route.DestinationPrefix.PrefixLength != 0 {
continue
}
routeMTU := mtus[route.InterfaceLUID]
if routeMTU == 0 {
continue
}
if route.Metric < best {
best = route.Metric
mtu = routeMTU
}
}
routes, err = winipcfg.GetIPForwardTable2(windows.AF_INET6)
if err != nil {
return 0, err
}
best = ^uint32(0)
for _, route := range routes {
if route.DestinationPrefix.PrefixLength != 0 {
continue
}
routeMTU := mtus[route.InterfaceLUID]
if routeMTU == 0 {
continue
}
if route.Metric < best {
best = route.Metric
if routeMTU < mtu {
mtu = routeMTU
}
}
}
return mtu, nil
}
// setPrivateNetwork marks the provided network adapter's category to private.
// It returns (false, nil) if the adapter was not found.
func setPrivateNetwork(ifcLUID winipcfg.LUID) (bool, error) {
// NLM_NETWORK_CATEGORY values.
const (
categoryPublic = 0
categoryPrivate = 1
categoryDomain = 2
)
ifcGUID, err := ifcLUID.GUID()
if err != nil {
return false, fmt.Errorf("ifcLUID.GUID: %v", err)
}
// Lock OS thread when using OLE, which seems to be a requirement
// from the Microsoft docs. go-ole doesn't seem to handle it automatically.
// https://github.com/tailscale/tailscale/issues/921#issuecomment-727526807
runtime.LockOSThread()
defer runtime.UnlockOSThread()
var c ole.Connection
if err := c.Initialize(); err != nil {
return false, fmt.Errorf("c.Initialize: %v", err)
}
defer c.Uninitialize()
m, err := winnet.NewNetworkListManager(&c)
if err != nil {
return false, fmt.Errorf("winnet.NewNetworkListManager: %v", err)
}
defer m.Release()
cl, err := m.GetNetworkConnections()
if err != nil {
return false, fmt.Errorf("m.GetNetworkConnections: %v", err)
}
defer cl.Release()
for _, nco := range cl {
aid, err := nco.GetAdapterId()
if err != nil {
return false, fmt.Errorf("nco.GetAdapterId: %v", err)
}
if aid != ifcGUID.String() {
continue
}
n, err := nco.GetNetwork()
if err != nil {
return false, fmt.Errorf("GetNetwork: %v", err)
}
defer n.Release()
cat, err := n.GetCategory()
if err != nil {
return false, fmt.Errorf("GetCategory: %v", err)
}
if cat != categoryPrivate {
if err := n.SetCategory(categoryPrivate); err != nil {
return false, fmt.Errorf("SetCategory: %v", err)
}
}
return true, nil
}
return false, nil
}
// interfaceFromLUID returns IPAdapterAddresses with specified LUID.
func interfaceFromLUID(luid winipcfg.LUID, flags winipcfg.GAAFlags) (*winipcfg.IPAdapterAddresses, error) {
addresses, err := winipcfg.GetAdaptersAddresses(windows.AF_UNSPEC, flags)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
for _, addr := range addresses {
if addr.LUID == luid {
return addr, nil
}
}
return nil, fmt.Errorf("interfaceFromLUID: interface with LUID %v not found", luid)
}
func configureInterface(cfg *Config, tun *tun.NativeTun) (retErr error) {
const mtu = 0
luid := winipcfg.LUID(tun.LUID())
iface, err := interfaceFromLUID(luid,
// Issue 474: on early boot, when the network is still
// coming up, if the Tailscale service comes up first,
// the Tailscale adapter it finds might not have the
// IPv4 service available yet? Try this flag:
winipcfg.GAAFlagIncludeAllInterfaces,
)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("getting interface: %w", err)
}
// Send non-nil return errors to retErrc, to interrupt our background
// setPrivateNetwork goroutine.
retErrc := make(chan error, 1)
defer func() {
if retErr != nil {
retErrc <- retErr
}
}()
go func() {
// It takes a weirdly long time for Windows to notice the
// new interface has come up. Poll periodically until it
// does.
const tries = 20
for i := 0; i < tries; i++ {
found, err := setPrivateNetwork(luid)
health.SetNetworkCategoryHealth(err)
if err != nil {
log.Printf("setPrivateNetwork(try=%d): %v", i, err)
} else {
if found {
if i > 0 {
log.Printf("setPrivateNetwork(try=%d): success", i)
}
return
}
log.Printf("setPrivateNetwork(try=%d): not found", i)
}
select {
case <-time.After(time.Second):
case <-retErrc:
return
}
}
log.Printf("setPrivateNetwork: adapter LUID %v not found after %d tries, giving up", luid, tries)
}()
// Figure out which of IPv4 and IPv6 are available. Both protocols
// can be disabled on a per-interface basis by the user, as well
// as globally via a registry policy. We skip programming anything
// related to the disabled protocols, since by definition they're
// unusable.
ipif4, err := iface.LUID.IPInterface(windows.AF_INET)
if err != nil {
if !errors.Is(err, windows.ERROR_NOT_FOUND) {
return fmt.Errorf("getting AF_INET interface: %w", err)
}
log.Printf("AF_INET interface not found on Tailscale adapter, skipping IPv4 programming")
ipif4 = nil
}
ipif6, err := iface.LUID.IPInterface(windows.AF_INET6)
if err != nil {
if !errors.Is(err, windows.ERROR_NOT_FOUND) {
return fmt.Errorf("getting AF_INET6 interface: %w", err)
}
log.Printf("AF_INET6 interface not found on Tailscale adapter, skipping IPv6 programming")
ipif6 = nil
}
// Windows requires routes to have a nexthop. For routes such as
// ours where the nexthop is meaningless, you're supposed to use
// one of the local IP addresses of the interface. Find an IPv4
// and IPv6 address we can use for this purpose.
var firstGateway4 *net.IP
var firstGateway6 *net.IP
addresses := make([]*net.IPNet, 0, len(cfg.LocalAddrs))
for _, addr := range cfg.LocalAddrs {
if (addr.IP().Is4() && ipif4 == nil) || (addr.IP().Is6() && ipif6 == nil) {
// Can't program addresses for disabled protocol.
continue
}
ipnet := addr.IPNet()
addresses = append(addresses, ipnet)
gateway := ipnet.IP
if addr.IP().Is4() && firstGateway4 == nil {
firstGateway4 = &gateway
} else if addr.IP().Is6() && firstGateway6 == nil {
firstGateway6 = &gateway
}
}
var routes []winipcfg.RouteData
foundDefault4 := false
foundDefault6 := false
for _, route := range cfg.Routes {
if (route.IP().Is4() && ipif4 == nil) || (route.IP().Is6() && ipif6 == nil) {
// Can't program routes for disabled protocol.
continue
}
if route.IP().Is6() && firstGateway6 == nil {
// Windows won't let us set IPv6 routes without having an
// IPv6 local address set. However, when we've configured
// a default route, we want to forcibly grab IPv6 traffic
// even if the v6 overlay network isn't configured. To do
// that, we add a dummy local IPv6 address to serve as a
// route source.
ipnet := &net.IPNet{tsaddr.Tailscale4To6Placeholder().IPAddr().IP, net.CIDRMask(128, 128)}
addresses = append(addresses, ipnet)
firstGateway6 = &ipnet.IP
} else if route.IP().Is4() && firstGateway4 == nil {
// TODO: do same dummy behavior as v6?
return errors.New("due to a Windows limitation, one cannot have interface routes without an interface address")
}
ipn := route.IPNet()
var gateway net.IP
if route.IP().Is4() {
gateway = *firstGateway4
} else if route.IP().Is6() {
gateway = *firstGateway6
}
r := winipcfg.RouteData{
Destination: net.IPNet{
IP: ipn.IP.Mask(ipn.Mask),
Mask: ipn.Mask,
},
NextHop: gateway,
Metric: 0,
}
if net.IP.Equal(r.Destination.IP, gateway) {
// no need to add a route for the interface's
// own IP. The kernel does that for us.
// If we try to replace it, we'll fail to
// add the route unless NextHop is set, but
// then the interface's IP won't be pingable.
continue
}
if route.IP().Is4() {
if route.Bits() == 0 {
foundDefault4 = true
}
r.NextHop = *firstGateway4
} else if route.IP().Is6() {
if route.Bits() == 0 {
foundDefault6 = true
}
r.NextHop = *firstGateway6
}
routes = append(routes, r)
}
err = syncAddresses(iface, addresses)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("syncAddresses: %w", err)
}
sort.Slice(routes, func(i, j int) bool { return routeLess(&routes[i], &routes[j]) })
deduplicatedRoutes := []*winipcfg.RouteData{}
for i := 0; i < len(routes); i++ {
// There's only one way to get to a given IP+Mask, so delete
// all matches after the first.
if i > 0 &&
net.IP.Equal(routes[i].Destination.IP, routes[i-1].Destination.IP) &&
bytes.Equal(routes[i].Destination.Mask, routes[i-1].Destination.Mask) {
continue
}
deduplicatedRoutes = append(deduplicatedRoutes, &routes[i])
}
// Re-read interface after syncAddresses.
iface, err = interfaceFromLUID(luid,
// Issue 474: on early boot, when the network is still
// coming up, if the Tailscale service comes up first,
// the Tailscale adapter it finds might not have the
// IPv4 service available yet? Try this flag:
winipcfg.GAAFlagIncludeAllInterfaces,
)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("getting interface: %w", err)
}
var errAcc error
err = syncRoutes(iface, deduplicatedRoutes, cfg.LocalAddrs)
if err != nil && errAcc == nil {
log.Printf("setroutes: %v", err)
errAcc = err
}
if ipif4 != nil {
ipif4, err = iface.LUID.IPInterface(windows.AF_INET)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("getting AF_INET interface: %w", err)
}
if foundDefault4 {
ipif4.UseAutomaticMetric = false
ipif4.Metric = 0
}
if mtu > 0 {
ipif4.NLMTU = uint32(mtu)
tun.ForceMTU(int(ipif4.NLMTU))
}
err = ipif4.Set()
if err != nil && errAcc == nil {
errAcc = err
}
}
if ipif6 != nil {
ipif6, err = iface.LUID.IPInterface(windows.AF_INET6)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("getting AF_INET6 interface: %w", err)
} else {
if foundDefault6 {
ipif6.UseAutomaticMetric = false
ipif6.Metric = 0
}
if mtu > 0 {
ipif6.NLMTU = uint32(mtu)
}
ipif6.DadTransmits = 0
ipif6.RouterDiscoveryBehavior = winipcfg.RouterDiscoveryDisabled
err = ipif6.Set()
if err != nil && errAcc == nil {
errAcc = err
}
}
}
return errAcc
}
// routeLess reports whether ri should sort before rj.
// The actual sort order doesn't appear to matter. The caller just
// wants them sorted to be able to de-dup.
func routeLess(ri, rj *winipcfg.RouteData) bool {
if v := bytes.Compare(ri.Destination.IP, rj.Destination.IP); v != 0 {
return v == -1
}
if v := bytes.Compare(ri.Destination.Mask, rj.Destination.Mask); v != 0 {
// Narrower masks first
return v == 1
}
if ri.Metric != rj.Metric {
// Lower metrics first
return ri.Metric < rj.Metric
}
if v := bytes.Compare(ri.NextHop, rj.NextHop); v != 0 {
// No nexthop before non-empty nexthop.
return v == -1
}
return false
}
// unwrapIP returns the shortest version of ip.
func unwrapIP(ip net.IP) net.IP {
if ip4 := ip.To4(); ip4 != nil {
return ip4
}
return ip
}
func v4Mask(m net.IPMask) net.IPMask {
if len(m) == 16 {
return m[12:]
}
return m
}
func netCompare(a, b net.IPNet) int {
aip, bip := unwrapIP(a.IP), unwrapIP(b.IP)
v := bytes.Compare(aip, bip)
if v != 0 {
return v
}
amask, bmask := a.Mask, b.Mask
if len(aip) == 4 {
amask = v4Mask(a.Mask)
bmask = v4Mask(b.Mask)
}
// narrower first
return -bytes.Compare(amask, bmask)
}
func sortNets(a []*net.IPNet) {
sort.Slice(a, func(i, j int) bool {
return netCompare(*a[i], *a[j]) == -1
})
}
// deltaNets returns the changes to turn a into b.
func deltaNets(a, b []*net.IPNet) (add, del []*net.IPNet) {
add = make([]*net.IPNet, 0, len(b))
del = make([]*net.IPNet, 0, len(a))
sortNets(a)
sortNets(b)
i := 0
j := 0
for i < len(a) && j < len(b) {
switch netCompare(*a[i], *b[j]) {
case -1:
// a < b, delete
del = append(del, a[i])
i++
case 0:
// a == b, no diff
i++
j++
case 1:
// a > b, add missing entry
add = append(add, b[j])
j++
default:
panic("unexpected compare result")
}
}
del = append(del, a[i:]...)
add = append(add, b[j:]...)
return
}
func isIPv6LinkLocal(in *net.IPNet) bool {
return len(in.IP) == 16 && in.IP.IsLinkLocalUnicast()
}
// ipAdapterUnicastAddressToIPNet converts windows.IpAdapterUnicastAddress to net.IPNet.
func ipAdapterUnicastAddressToIPNet(u *windows.IpAdapterUnicastAddress) *net.IPNet {
ip := u.Address.IP()
w := 32
if ip.To4() == nil {
w = 128
}
return &net.IPNet{
IP: ip,
Mask: net.CIDRMask(int(u.OnLinkPrefixLength), w),
}
}
// unicastIPNets returns all unicast net.IPNet for ifc interface.
func unicastIPNets(ifc *winipcfg.IPAdapterAddresses) []*net.IPNet {
nets := make([]*net.IPNet, 0)
for addr := ifc.FirstUnicastAddress; addr != nil; addr = addr.Next {
nets = append(nets, ipAdapterUnicastAddressToIPNet(addr))
}
return nets
}
// syncAddresses incrementally sets the interface's unicast IP addresses,
// doing the minimum number of AddAddresses & DeleteAddress calls.
// This avoids the full FlushAddresses.
//
// Any IPv6 link-local addresses are not deleted out of caution as some
// configurations may repeatedly re-add them. Link-local addresses are adjusted
// to set SkipAsSource. SkipAsSource prevents the addresses from being addded to
// DNS locally or remotely and from being picked as a source address for
// outgoing packets with unspecified sources. See #4647 and
// https://web.archive.org/web/20200912120956/https://devblogs.microsoft.com/scripting/use-powershell-to-change-ip-behavior-with-skipassource/
func syncAddresses(ifc *winipcfg.IPAdapterAddresses, want []*net.IPNet) error {
var erracc error
got := unicastIPNets(ifc)
add, del := deltaNets(got, want)
ll := make([]*net.IPNet, 0)
for _, a := range del {
// do not delete link-local addresses, and collect them for later
// applying SkipAsSource.
if isIPv6LinkLocal(a) {
ll = append(ll, a)
continue
}
err := ifc.LUID.DeleteIPAddress(*a)
if err != nil {
erracc = fmt.Errorf("deleting IP %q: %w", *a, err)
}
}
for _, a := range add {
err := ifc.LUID.AddIPAddress(*a)
if err != nil {
erracc = fmt.Errorf("adding IP %q: %w", *a, err)
}
}
for _, a := range ll {
mib, err := ifc.LUID.IPAddress(a.IP)
if err != nil {
erracc = fmt.Errorf("setting skip-as-source on IP %q: unable to retrieve MIB: %w", *a, err)
continue
}
if !mib.SkipAsSource {
mib.SkipAsSource = true
if err := mib.Set(); err != nil {
erracc = fmt.Errorf("setting skip-as-source on IP %q: unable to set MIB: %w", *a, err)
}
}
}
return erracc
}
func routeDataCompare(a, b *winipcfg.RouteData) int {
v := bytes.Compare(a.Destination.IP, b.Destination.IP)
if v != 0 {
return v
}
// Narrower masks first
v = bytes.Compare(a.Destination.Mask, b.Destination.Mask)
if v != 0 {
return -v
}
// No nexthop before non-empty nexthop
v = bytes.Compare(a.NextHop, b.NextHop)
if v != 0 {
return v
}
// Lower metrics first
if a.Metric < b.Metric {
return -1
} else if a.Metric > b.Metric {
return 1
}
return 0
}
func sortRouteData(a []*winipcfg.RouteData) {
sort.Slice(a, func(i, j int) bool {
return routeDataCompare(a[i], a[j]) < 0
})
}
func deltaRouteData(a, b []*winipcfg.RouteData) (add, del []*winipcfg.RouteData) {
add = make([]*winipcfg.RouteData, 0, len(b))
del = make([]*winipcfg.RouteData, 0, len(a))
sortRouteData(a)
sortRouteData(b)
i := 0
j := 0
for i < len(a) && j < len(b) {
switch routeDataCompare(a[i], b[j]) {
case -1:
// a < b, delete
del = append(del, a[i])
i++
case 0:
// a == b, no diff
i++
j++
case 1:
// a > b, add missing entry
add = append(add, b[j])
j++
default:
panic("unexpected compare result")
}
}
del = append(del, a[i:]...)
add = append(add, b[j:]...)
return
}
// getInterfaceRoutes returns all the interface's routes.
// Corresponds to GetIpForwardTable2 function, but filtered by interface.
func getInterfaceRoutes(ifc *winipcfg.IPAdapterAddresses, family winipcfg.AddressFamily) (matches []*winipcfg.MibIPforwardRow2, err error) {
routes, err := winipcfg.GetIPForwardTable2(family)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
for i := range routes {
if routes[i].InterfaceLUID == ifc.LUID {
matches = append(matches, &routes[i])
}
}
return
}
func getAllInterfaceRoutes(ifc *winipcfg.IPAdapterAddresses) ([]*winipcfg.RouteData, error) {
routes4, err := getInterfaceRoutes(ifc, windows.AF_INET)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
routes6, err := getInterfaceRoutes(ifc, windows.AF_INET6)
if err != nil {
// TODO: what if v6 unavailable?
return nil, err
}
rd := make([]*winipcfg.RouteData, 0, len(routes4)+len(routes6))
for _, r := range routes4 {
rd = append(rd, &winipcfg.RouteData{
Destination: r.DestinationPrefix.IPNet(),
NextHop: r.NextHop.IP(),
Metric: r.Metric,
})
}
for _, r := range routes6 {
rd = append(rd, &winipcfg.RouteData{
Destination: r.DestinationPrefix.IPNet(),
NextHop: r.NextHop.IP(),
Metric: r.Metric,
})
}
return rd, nil
}
// filterRoutes removes routes that have been added by Windows and should not
// be managed by us.
func filterRoutes(routes []*winipcfg.RouteData, dontDelete []netaddr.IPPrefix) []*winipcfg.RouteData {
ddm := make(map[netaddr.IPPrefix]bool)
for _, dd := range dontDelete {
// See issue 1448: we don't want to touch the routes added
// by Windows for our interface addresses.
ddm[dd] = true
}
for _, r := range routes {
// We don't want to touch broadcast routes that Windows adds.
nr, ok := netaddr.FromStdIPNet(&r.Destination)
if !ok {
continue
}
if nr.IsSingleIP() {
continue
}
lastIP := nr.Range().To()
ddm[netaddr.IPPrefixFrom(lastIP, lastIP.BitLen())] = true
}
filtered := make([]*winipcfg.RouteData, 0, len(routes))
for _, r := range routes {
rr, ok := netaddr.FromStdIPNet(&r.Destination)
if ok && ddm[rr] {
continue
}
filtered = append(filtered, r)
}
return filtered
}
// syncRoutes incrementally sets multiples routes on an interface.
// This avoids a full ifc.FlushRoutes call.
// dontDelete is a list of interface address routes that the
// synchronization logic should never delete.
func syncRoutes(ifc *winipcfg.IPAdapterAddresses, want []*winipcfg.RouteData, dontDelete []netaddr.IPPrefix) error {
existingRoutes, err := getAllInterfaceRoutes(ifc)
if err != nil {
return err
}
got := filterRoutes(existingRoutes, dontDelete)
add, del := deltaRouteData(got, want)
var errs []error
for _, a := range del {
err := ifc.LUID.DeleteRoute(a.Destination, a.NextHop)
if err != nil {
dstStr := a.Destination.String()
if dstStr == "169.254.255.255/32" {
// Issue 785. Ignore these routes
// failing to delete. Harmless.
// TODO(maisem): do we still need this?
continue
}
errs = append(errs, fmt.Errorf("deleting route %v: %w", dstStr, err))
}
}
for _, a := range add {
err := ifc.LUID.AddRoute(a.Destination, a.NextHop, a.Metric)
if err != nil {
errs = append(errs, fmt.Errorf("adding route %v: %w", &a.Destination, err))
}
}
return multierr.New(errs...)
}