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tailscale/types/key/util.go

112 lines
3.3 KiB
Go

// Copyright (c) 2021 Tailscale Inc & AUTHORS All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
package key
import (
crand "crypto/rand"
"encoding/base64"
"encoding/hex"
"errors"
"fmt"
"io"
"go4.org/mem"
)
// rand fills b with cryptographically strong random bytes. Panics if
// no random bytes are available.
func rand(b []byte) {
if _, err := io.ReadFull(crand.Reader, b[:]); err != nil {
panic(fmt.Sprintf("unable to read random bytes from OS: %v", err))
}
}
// clamp25519 clamps b, which must be a 32-byte Curve25519 private
// key, to a safe value.
//
// The clamping effectively constrains the key to a number between
// 2^251 and 2^252-1, which is then multiplied by 8 (the cofactor of
// Curve25519). This produces a value that doesn't have any unsafe
// properties when doing operations like ScalarMult.
//
// See
// https://web.archive.org/web/20210228105330/https://neilmadden.blog/2020/05/28/whats-the-curve25519-clamping-all-about/
// for a more in-depth explanation of the constraints that led to this
// clamping requirement.
//
// PLEASE NOTE that not all Curve25519 values require clamping. When
// implementing a new key type that uses Curve25519, you must evaluate
// whether that particular key's use requires clamping. Here are some
// existing uses and whether you should clamp private keys at
// creation.
//
// - NaCl box: yes, clamp at creation.
// - WireGuard (userspace uapi or kernel): no, do not clamp.
// - Noise protocols: no, do not clamp.
func clamp25519Private(b []byte) {
b[0] &= 248
b[31] = (b[31] & 127) | 64
}
func toHex(k []byte, prefix string) []byte {
ret := make([]byte, len(prefix)+len(k)*2)
copy(ret, prefix)
hex.Encode(ret[len(prefix):], k)
return ret
}
// parseHex decodes a key string of the form "<prefix><hex string>"
// into out. The prefix must match, and the decoded base64 must fit
// exactly into out.
//
// Note the errors in this function deliberately do not echo the
// contents of in, because it might be a private key or part of a
// private key.
func parseHex(out []byte, in, prefix mem.RO) error {
if !mem.HasPrefix(in, prefix) {
return fmt.Errorf("key hex string doesn't have expected type prefix %s", prefix.StringCopy())
}
in = in.SliceFrom(prefix.Len())
if want := len(out) * 2; in.Len() != want {
return fmt.Errorf("key hex has the wrong size, got %d want %d", in.Len(), want)
}
for i := range out {
a, ok1 := fromHexChar(in.At(i*2 + 0))
b, ok2 := fromHexChar(in.At(i*2 + 1))
if !ok1 || !ok2 {
return errors.New("invalid hex character in key")
}
out[i] = (a << 4) | b
}
return nil
}
// fromHexChar converts a hex character into its value and a success flag.
func fromHexChar(c byte) (byte, bool) {
switch {
case '0' <= c && c <= '9':
return c - '0', true
case 'a' <= c && c <= 'f':
return c - 'a' + 10, true
case 'A' <= c && c <= 'F':
return c - 'A' + 10, true
}
return 0, false
}
// debug32 returns the Tailscale conventional debug representation of
// a key: the first five base64 digits of the key, in square brackets.
func debug32(k [32]byte) string {
if k == [32]byte{} {
return ""
}
var b [45]byte // 32 bytes expands to 44 bytes in base64, plus 1 for the leading '['
base64.StdEncoding.Encode(b[1:], k[:])
b[0] = '['
b[6] = ']'
return string(b[:7])
}