// Copyright (c) 2020 Tailscale Inc & AUTHORS All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.

// Package deephash hashes a Go value recursively, in a predictable
// order, without looping.
//
// This package, like most of the tailscale.com Go module, should be
// considered Tailscale-internal; we make no API promises.
package deephash

import (
	"bufio"
	"crypto/sha256"
	"encoding/hex"
	"fmt"
	"hash"
	"math"
	"reflect"
	"strconv"
	"sync"
)

// hasher is reusable state for hashing a value.
// Get one via hasherPool.
type hasher struct {
	h       hash.Hash
	bw      *bufio.Writer
	scratch [128]byte
}

// newHasher initializes a new hasher, for use by hasherPool.
func newHasher() *hasher {
	h := &hasher{h: sha256.New()}
	h.bw = bufio.NewWriterSize(h.h, h.h.BlockSize())
	return h
}

// Hash returns the raw SHA-256 (not hex) of v.
func (h *hasher) Hash(v interface{}) (hash [sha256.Size]byte) {
	h.bw.Flush()
	h.h.Reset()
	printTo(h.bw, v, h.scratch[:])
	h.bw.Flush()
	h.h.Sum(hash[:0])
	return hash
}

var hasherPool = &sync.Pool{
	New: func() interface{} { return newHasher() },
}

// Hash returns the raw SHA-256 hash of v.
func Hash(v interface{}) [sha256.Size]byte {
	hasher := hasherPool.Get().(*hasher)
	defer hasherPool.Put(hasher)
	return hasher.Hash(v)
}

// UpdateHash sets last to the hex-encoded hash of v and reports whether its value changed.
func UpdateHash(last *string, v ...interface{}) (changed bool) {
	sum := Hash(v)
	if sha256EqualHex(sum, *last) {
		// unchanged.
		return false
	}
	*last = hex.EncodeToString(sum[:])
	return true
}

// sha256EqualHex reports whether hx is the hex encoding of sum.
func sha256EqualHex(sum [sha256.Size]byte, hx string) bool {
	if len(hx) != len(sum)*2 {
		return false
	}
	const hextable = "0123456789abcdef"
	j := 0
	for _, v := range sum {
		if hx[j] != hextable[v>>4] || hx[j+1] != hextable[v&0x0f] {
			return false
		}
		j += 2
	}
	return true
}

func printTo(w *bufio.Writer, v interface{}, scratch []byte) {
	print(w, reflect.ValueOf(v), make(map[uintptr]bool), scratch)
}

var appenderToType = reflect.TypeOf((*appenderTo)(nil)).Elem()

type appenderTo interface {
	AppendTo([]byte) []byte
}

// print hashes v into w.
// It reports whether it was able to do so without hitting a cycle.
func print(w *bufio.Writer, v reflect.Value, visited map[uintptr]bool, scratch []byte) (acyclic bool) {
	if !v.IsValid() {
		return true
	}

	if v.CanInterface() {
		// Use AppendTo methods, if available and cheap.
		if v.CanAddr() && v.Type().Implements(appenderToType) {
			a := v.Addr().Interface().(appenderTo)
			scratch = a.AppendTo(scratch[:0])
			w.Write(scratch)
			return true
		}
	}

	// Generic handling.
	switch v.Kind() {
	default:
		panic(fmt.Sprintf("unhandled kind %v for type %v", v.Kind(), v.Type()))
	case reflect.Ptr:
		ptr := v.Pointer()
		if visited[ptr] {
			return false
		}
		visited[ptr] = true
		return print(w, v.Elem(), visited, scratch)
	case reflect.Struct:
		acyclic = true
		w.WriteString("struct{\n")
		for i, n := 0, v.NumField(); i < n; i++ {
			fmt.Fprintf(w, " [%d]: ", i)
			if !print(w, v.Field(i), visited, scratch) {
				acyclic = false
			}
			w.WriteString("\n")
		}
		w.WriteString("}\n")
		return acyclic
	case reflect.Slice, reflect.Array:
		if v.Type().Elem().Kind() == reflect.Uint8 && v.CanInterface() {
			fmt.Fprintf(w, "%q", v.Interface())
			return true
		}
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "[%d]{\n", v.Len())
		acyclic = true
		for i, ln := 0, v.Len(); i < ln; i++ {
			fmt.Fprintf(w, " [%d]: ", i)
			if !print(w, v.Index(i), visited, scratch) {
				acyclic = false
			}
			w.WriteString("\n")
		}
		w.WriteString("}\n")
		return acyclic
	case reflect.Interface:
		return print(w, v.Elem(), visited, scratch)
	case reflect.Map:
		if hashMapAcyclic(w, v, visited, scratch) {
			return true
		}
		return hashMapFallback(w, v, visited, scratch)
	case reflect.String:
		w.WriteString(v.String())
	case reflect.Bool:
		w.Write(strconv.AppendBool(scratch[:0], v.Bool()))
	case reflect.Int, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64:
		w.Write(strconv.AppendInt(scratch[:0], v.Int(), 10))
	case reflect.Uint, reflect.Uint8, reflect.Uint16, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64, reflect.Uintptr:
		scratch = strconv.AppendUint(scratch[:0], v.Uint(), 10)
		w.Write(scratch)
	case reflect.Float32, reflect.Float64:
		scratch = strconv.AppendUint(scratch[:0], math.Float64bits(v.Float()), 10)
		w.Write(scratch)
	case reflect.Complex64, reflect.Complex128:
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "%v", v.Complex())
	}
	return true
}

type mapHasher struct {
	xbuf [sha256.Size]byte // XOR'ed accumulated buffer
	ebuf [sha256.Size]byte // scratch buffer
	s256 hash.Hash         // sha256 hash.Hash
	bw   *bufio.Writer     // to hasher into ebuf
	val  valueCache        // re-usable values for map iteration
	iter *reflect.MapIter  // re-usable map iterator
}

func (mh *mapHasher) Reset() {
	for i := range mh.xbuf {
		mh.xbuf[i] = 0
	}
}

func (mh *mapHasher) startEntry() {
	for i := range mh.ebuf {
		mh.ebuf[i] = 0
	}
	mh.bw.Flush()
	mh.s256.Reset()
}

func (mh *mapHasher) endEntry() {
	mh.bw.Flush()
	for i, b := range mh.s256.Sum(mh.ebuf[:0]) {
		mh.xbuf[i] ^= b
	}
}

var mapHasherPool = &sync.Pool{
	New: func() interface{} {
		mh := new(mapHasher)
		mh.s256 = sha256.New()
		mh.bw = bufio.NewWriter(mh.s256)
		mh.val = make(valueCache)
		mh.iter = new(reflect.MapIter)
		return mh
	},
}

type valueCache map[reflect.Type]reflect.Value

func (c valueCache) get(t reflect.Type) reflect.Value {
	v, ok := c[t]
	if !ok {
		v = reflect.New(t).Elem()
		c[t] = v
	}
	return v
}

// hashMapAcyclic is the faster sort-free version of map hashing. If
// it detects a cycle it returns false and guarantees that nothing was
// written to w.
func hashMapAcyclic(w *bufio.Writer, v reflect.Value, visited map[uintptr]bool, scratch []byte) (acyclic bool) {
	mh := mapHasherPool.Get().(*mapHasher)
	defer mapHasherPool.Put(mh)
	mh.Reset()
	iter := mapIter(mh.iter, v)
	defer mapIter(mh.iter, reflect.Value{}) // avoid pinning v from mh.iter when we return
	k := mh.val.get(v.Type().Key())
	e := mh.val.get(v.Type().Elem())
	for iter.Next() {
		key := iterKey(iter, k)
		val := iterVal(iter, e)
		mh.startEntry()
		if !print(mh.bw, key, visited, scratch) {
			return false
		}
		if !print(mh.bw, val, visited, scratch) {
			return false
		}
		mh.endEntry()
	}
	w.Write(mh.xbuf[:])
	return true
}

func hashMapFallback(w *bufio.Writer, v reflect.Value, visited map[uintptr]bool, scratch []byte) (acyclic bool) {
	acyclic = true
	sm := newSortedMap(v)
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "map[%d]{\n", len(sm.Key))
	for i, k := range sm.Key {
		if !print(w, k, visited, scratch) {
			acyclic = false
		}
		w.WriteString(": ")
		if !print(w, sm.Value[i], visited, scratch) {
			acyclic = false
		}
		w.WriteString("\n")
	}
	w.WriteString("}\n")
	return acyclic
}