wgengine/router: add auto selection heuristic for iptables/nftables

This commit replaces the TS_DEBUG_USE_NETLINK_NFTABLES envknob with
a TS_DEBUG_FIREWALL_MODE that should be set to either 'iptables' or
'nftables' to select firewall mode manually, other wise tailscaled
will automatically choose between iptables and nftables depending on
environment and system availability.

updates: #319
Signed-off-by: KevinLiang10 <kevinliang@tailscale.com>

util/linuxfw/iptables.go

@@ -7,7 +7,13 @@
 package linuxfw
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os/exec"
+	"strings"
+	"unicode"
+
 	"tailscale.com/types/logger"
+	"tailscale.com/util/multierr"
 )
 
 // DebugNetfilter prints debug information about iptables rules to the
@@ -21,9 +27,44 @@ func DebugIptables(logf logger.Logf) error {
 // system, ignoring the default "ACCEPT" rule present in the standard iptables
 // chains.
 //
-// It only returns an error when the kernel returns an error (i.e. when a
-// syscall fails); when there are no iptables rules, it is valid for this
-// function to return 0, nil.
+// It only returns an error when there is no iptables binary, or when iptables -S
+// fails. In all other cases, it returns the number of non-default rules.
 func DetectIptables() (int, error) {
-	panic("unused")
+	// run "iptables -S" to get the list of rules using iptables
+	// exec.Command returns an error if the binary is not found
+	cmd := exec.Command("iptables", "-S")
+	output, err := cmd.Output()
+	ip6cmd := exec.Command("ip6tables", "-S")
+	ip6output, ip6err := ip6cmd.Output()
+	var allLines []string
+	outputStr := string(output)
+	lines := strings.Split(outputStr, "\n")
+	ip6outputStr := string(ip6output)
+	ip6lines := strings.Split(ip6outputStr, "\n")
+	switch {
+	case err == nil && ip6err == nil:
+		allLines = append(lines, ip6lines...)
+	case err == nil && ip6err != nil:
+		allLines = lines
+	case err != nil && ip6err == nil:
+		allLines = ip6lines
+	default:
+		return 0, ErrorFWModeNotSupported{
+			Mode: FirewallModeIPTables,
+			Err:  fmt.Errorf("iptables command run fail: %w", multierr.New(err, ip6err)),
+		}
+	}
+
+	// count the number of non-default rules
+	count := 0
+	for _, line := range allLines {
+		trimmedLine := strings.TrimLeftFunc(line, unicode.IsSpace)
+		if line != "" && strings.HasPrefix(trimmedLine, "-A") {
+			// if the line is not empty and starts with "-A", it is a rule appended not default
+			count++
+		}
+	}
+
+	// return the count of non-default rules
+	return count, nil
 }

util/linuxfw/linuxfw.go

@@ -29,6 +29,31 @@ const (
 	Masq
 )
 
+type ErrorFWModeNotSupported struct {
+	Mode FirewallMode
+	Err  error
+}
+
+func (e ErrorFWModeNotSupported) Error() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("firewall mode %q not supported: %v", e.Mode, e.Err)
+}
+
+func (e ErrorFWModeNotSupported) Is(target error) bool {
+	_, ok := target.(ErrorFWModeNotSupported)
+	return ok
+}
+
+func (e ErrorFWModeNotSupported) Unwrap() error {
+	return e.Err
+}
+
+type FirewallMode string
+
+const (
+	FirewallModeIPTables FirewallMode = "iptables"
+	FirewallModeNfTables FirewallMode = "nftables"
+)
+
 // The following bits are added to packet marks for Tailscale use.
 //
 // We tried to pick bits sufficiently out of the way that it's

util/linuxfw/nftables.go

@@ -107,12 +107,18 @@ func DebugNetfilter(logf logger.Logf) error {
 func DetectNetfilter() (int, error) {
 	conn, err := nftables.New()
 	if err != nil {
-		return 0, err
+		return 0, ErrorFWModeNotSupported{
+			Mode: FirewallModeNfTables,
+			Err:  err,
+		}
 	}
 
 	chains, err := conn.ListChains()
 	if err != nil {
-		return 0, fmt.Errorf("cannot list chains: %w", err)
+		return 0, ErrorFWModeNotSupported{
+			Mode: FirewallModeNfTables,
+			Err:  fmt.Errorf("cannot list chains: %w", err),
+		}
 	}
 
 	var validRules int

wgengine/router/router_linux.go

@@ -54,24 +54,95 @@ type netfilterRunner interface {
 	HasIPV6NAT() bool
 }
 
+// tableDetector abstracts helpers to detect the firewall mode.
+// It is implemented for testing purposes.
+type tableDetector interface {
+	iptDetect() (int, error)
+	nftDetect() (int, error)
+}
+
+type linuxFWDetector struct{}
+
+// iptDetect returns the number of iptables rules in the current namespace.
+func (l *linuxFWDetector) iptDetect() (int, error) {
+	return linuxfw.DetectIptables()
+}
+
+// nftDetect returns the number of nftables rules in the current namespace.
+func (l *linuxFWDetector) nftDetect() (int, error) {
+	return linuxfw.DetectNetfilter()
+}
+
+// chooseFireWallMode returns the firewall mode to use based on the
+// environment and the system's capabilities.
+func chooseFireWallMode(logf logger.Logf, det tableDetector) (linuxfw.FirewallMode, error) {
+	iptAva, nftAva := true, true
+	iptRuleCount, err := det.iptDetect()
+	if err != nil {
+		logf("router: detect iptables rule: %v", err)
+		iptAva = false
+	}
+	nftRuleCount, err := det.nftDetect()
+	if err != nil {
+		logf("router: detect nftables rule: %v", err)
+		nftAva = false
+	}
+	logf("router: nftables rule count: %d, iptables rule count: %d", nftRuleCount, iptRuleCount)
+	switch {
+	case envknob.String("TS_DEBUG_FIREWALL_MODE") == "nftables":
+		// TODO(KevinLiang10): Updates to a flag
+		logf("router: envknob TS_DEBUG_FIREWALL_MODE=nftables set")
+		return linuxfw.FirewallModeNfTables, nil
+	case envknob.String("TS_DEBUG_FIREWALL_MODE") == "iptables":
+		logf("router: envknob TS_DEBUG_FIREWALL_MODE=iptables set")
+		return linuxfw.FirewallModeIPTables, nil
+	case nftRuleCount > 0 && iptRuleCount == 0:
+		logf("router: nftables is currently in use")
+		return linuxfw.FirewallModeNfTables, nil
+	case iptRuleCount > 0 && nftRuleCount == 0:
+		logf("router: iptables is currently in use")
+		return linuxfw.FirewallModeIPTables, nil
+	case nftAva:
+		// if both iptables and nftables are available but
+		// neither/both are currently used, use nftables.
+		logf("router: nftables is available")
+		return linuxfw.FirewallModeNfTables, nil
+	case iptAva:
+		logf("router: iptables is available")
+		return linuxfw.FirewallModeIPTables, nil
+	default:
+		// if neither iptables nor nftables are available,
+		// this is an error that shouldn't happen.
+		return "", errors.New("router: neither iptables nor nftables are available")
+	}
+}
+
 // newNetfilterRunner creates a netfilterRunner using either nftables or iptables.
 // As nftables is still experimental, iptables will be used unless TS_DEBUG_USE_NETLINK_NFTABLES is set.
 func newNetfilterRunner(logf logger.Logf) (netfilterRunner, error) {
+	tableDetector := &linuxFWDetector{}
+	mode, err := chooseFireWallMode(logf, tableDetector)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("choosing firewall mode: %w", err)
+	}
 	var nfr netfilterRunner
-	var err error
-	if envknob.Bool("TS_DEBUG_USE_NETLINK_NFTABLES") {
-		logf("router: using nftables")
-		nfr, err = linuxfw.NewNfTablesRunner(logf)
+	switch mode {
+	case linuxfw.FirewallModeIPTables:
+		logf("router: using iptables")
+		nfr, err = linuxfw.NewIPTablesRunner(logf)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
-	} else {
-		logf("router: using iptables")
-		nfr, err = linuxfw.NewIPTablesRunner(logf)
+	case linuxfw.FirewallModeNfTables:
+		logf("router: using nftables")
+		nfr, err = linuxfw.NewNfTablesRunner(logf)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
+	default:
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unknown firewall mode: %v", mode)
 	}
+
 	return nfr, nil
 }
 

wgengine/router/router_linux_test.go

@@ -1063,3 +1063,63 @@ func adjustFwmask(t *testing.T, s string) string {
 
 	return fwmaskAdjustRe.ReplaceAllString(s, "$1")
 }
+
+type testFWDetector struct {
+	iptRuleCount, nftRuleCount int
+	iptErr, nftErr             error
+}
+
+func (t *testFWDetector) iptDetect() (int, error) {
+	return t.iptRuleCount, t.iptErr
+}
+
+func (t *testFWDetector) nftDetect() (int, error) {
+	return t.nftRuleCount, t.nftErr
+}
+
+func TestChooseFireWallMode(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		det  *testFWDetector
+		want linuxfw.FirewallMode
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "using iptables legacy",
+			det:  &testFWDetector{iptRuleCount: 1},
+			want: linuxfw.FirewallModeIPTables,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "using nftables",
+			det:  &testFWDetector{nftRuleCount: 1},
+			want: linuxfw.FirewallModeNfTables,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "using both iptables and nftables",
+			det:  &testFWDetector{iptRuleCount: 2, nftRuleCount: 2},
+			want: linuxfw.FirewallModeNfTables,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "not using any firewall, both available",
+			det:  &testFWDetector{},
+			want: linuxfw.FirewallModeNfTables,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "not using any firewall, iptables available only",
+			det:  &testFWDetector{iptRuleCount: 1, nftErr: errors.New("nft error")},
+			want: linuxfw.FirewallModeIPTables,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "not using any firewall, nftables available only",
+			det:  &testFWDetector{iptErr: errors.New("iptables error"), nftRuleCount: 1},
+			want: linuxfw.FirewallModeNfTables,
+		},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got, _ := chooseFireWallMode(t.Logf, tt.det)
+			if got != tt.want {
+				t.Errorf("chooseFireWallMode() = %v, want %v", got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}