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tailscale/tsweb/tsweb.go

646 lines
20 KiB
Go

// Copyright (c) Tailscale Inc & AUTHORS
// SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
// Package tsweb contains code used in various Tailscale webservers.
package tsweb
import (
"bufio"
"bytes"
"cmp"
"context"
"errors"
"expvar"
"fmt"
"net"
"net/http"
_ "net/http/pprof"
"net/netip"
"net/url"
"os"
"path/filepath"
"regexp"
"strconv"
"strings"
"sync"
"time"
"go4.org/mem"
"tailscale.com/envknob"
"tailscale.com/metrics"
"tailscale.com/net/tsaddr"
"tailscale.com/tsweb/varz"
"tailscale.com/types/logger"
"tailscale.com/util/vizerror"
)
// DevMode controls whether extra output in shown, for when the binary is being run in dev mode.
var DevMode bool
func DefaultCertDir(leafDir string) string {
cacheDir, err := os.UserCacheDir()
if err == nil {
return filepath.Join(cacheDir, "tailscale", leafDir)
}
return ""
}
// IsProd443 reports whether addr is a Go listen address for port 443.
func IsProd443(addr string) bool {
_, port, _ := net.SplitHostPort(addr)
return port == "443" || port == "https"
}
// AllowDebugAccess reports whether r should be permitted to access
// various debug endpoints.
func AllowDebugAccess(r *http.Request) bool {
if allowDebugAccessWithKey(r) {
return true
}
if r.Header.Get("X-Forwarded-For") != "" {
// TODO if/when needed. For now, conservative:
return false
}
ipStr, _, err := net.SplitHostPort(r.RemoteAddr)
if err != nil {
return false
}
ip, err := netip.ParseAddr(ipStr)
if err != nil {
return false
}
if tsaddr.IsTailscaleIP(ip) || ip.IsLoopback() || ipStr == envknob.String("TS_ALLOW_DEBUG_IP") {
return true
}
return false
}
func allowDebugAccessWithKey(r *http.Request) bool {
if r.Method != "GET" {
return false
}
urlKey := r.FormValue("debugkey")
keyPath := envknob.String("TS_DEBUG_KEY_PATH")
if urlKey != "" && keyPath != "" {
slurp, err := os.ReadFile(keyPath)
if err == nil && string(bytes.TrimSpace(slurp)) == urlKey {
return true
}
}
return false
}
// AcceptsEncoding reports whether r accepts the named encoding
// ("gzip", "br", etc).
func AcceptsEncoding(r *http.Request, enc string) bool {
h := r.Header.Get("Accept-Encoding")
if h == "" {
return false
}
if !strings.Contains(h, enc) && !mem.ContainsFold(mem.S(h), mem.S(enc)) {
return false
}
remain := h
for len(remain) > 0 {
var part string
part, remain, _ = strings.Cut(remain, ",")
part = strings.TrimSpace(part)
part, _, _ = strings.Cut(part, ";")
if part == enc {
return true
}
}
return false
}
// Protected wraps a provided debug handler, h, returning a Handler
// that enforces AllowDebugAccess and returns forbidden replies for
// unauthorized requests.
func Protected(h http.Handler) http.Handler {
return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
if !AllowDebugAccess(r) {
msg := "debug access denied"
if DevMode {
ipStr, _, _ := net.SplitHostPort(r.RemoteAddr)
msg += fmt.Sprintf("; to permit access, set TS_ALLOW_DEBUG_IP=%v", ipStr)
}
http.Error(w, msg, http.StatusForbidden)
return
}
h.ServeHTTP(w, r)
})
}
// Port80Handler is the handler to be given to
// autocert.Manager.HTTPHandler. The inner handler is the mux
// returned by NewMux containing registered /debug handlers.
type Port80Handler struct {
Main http.Handler
// FQDN is used to redirect incoming requests to https://<FQDN>.
// If it is not set, the hostname is calculated from the incoming
// request.
FQDN string
}
func (h Port80Handler) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
path := r.RequestURI
if path == "/debug" || strings.HasPrefix(path, "/debug") {
h.Main.ServeHTTP(w, r)
return
}
if r.Method != "GET" && r.Method != "HEAD" {
http.Error(w, "Use HTTPS", http.StatusBadRequest)
return
}
if path == "/" && AllowDebugAccess(r) {
// Redirect authorized user to the debug handler.
path = "/debug/"
}
host := cmp.Or(h.FQDN, r.Host)
target := "https://" + host + path
http.Redirect(w, r, target, http.StatusFound)
}
// ReturnHandler is like net/http.Handler, but the handler can return an
// error instead of writing to its ResponseWriter.
type ReturnHandler interface {
// ServeHTTPReturn is like http.Handler.ServeHTTP, except that
// it can choose to return an error instead of writing to its
// http.ResponseWriter.
//
// If ServeHTTPReturn returns an error, it caller should handle
// an error by serving an HTTP 500 response to the user. The
// error details should not be sent to the client, as they may
// contain sensitive information. If the error is an
// HTTPError, though, callers should use the HTTP response
// code and message as the response to the client.
ServeHTTPReturn(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request) error
}
// BucketedStatsOptions describes tsweb handler options surrounding
// the generation of metrics, grouped into buckets.
type BucketedStatsOptions struct {
// Bucket returns which bucket the given request is in.
// If nil, [NormalizedPath] is used to compute the bucket.
Bucket func(req *http.Request) string
// If non-nil, Started maintains a counter of all requests which
// have begun processing.
Started *metrics.LabelMap
// If non-nil, Finished maintains a counter of all requests which
// have finished processing with success (that is, the HTTP handler has
// returned).
Finished *metrics.LabelMap
}
// normalizePathRegex matches components in a HTTP request path
// that should be replaced.
//
// See: https://regex101.com/r/WIfpaR/3 for the explainer and test cases.
var normalizePathRegex = regexp.MustCompile("([a-fA-F0-9]{9,}|([^\\/])+\\.([^\\/]){2,}|((n|k|u|L|t|S)[a-zA-Z0-9]{5,}(CNTRL|Djz1H|LV5CY|mxgaY|jNy1b))|(([^\\/])+\\@passkey))")
// NormalizedPath returns the given path with the following modifications:
//
// - any query parameters are removed
// - any path component with a hex string of 9 or more characters is
// replaced by an ellipsis
// - any path component containing a period with at least two characters
// after the period (i.e. an email or domain)
// - any path component consisting of a common Tailscale Stable ID
// - any path segment *@passkey.
func NormalizedPath(p string) string {
// Fastpath: No hex sequences in there we might have to trim.
// Avoids allocating.
if normalizePathRegex.FindStringIndex(p) == nil {
b, _, _ := strings.Cut(p, "?")
return b
}
// If we got here, there's at least one hex sequences we need to
// replace with an ellipsis.
replaced := normalizePathRegex.ReplaceAllString(p, "…")
b, _, _ := strings.Cut(replaced, "?")
return b
}
func (o *BucketedStatsOptions) bucketForRequest(r *http.Request) string {
if o.Bucket != nil {
return o.Bucket(r)
}
return NormalizedPath(r.URL.Path)
}
type HandlerOptions struct {
QuietLoggingIfSuccessful bool // if set, do not log successfully handled HTTP requests (200 and 304 status codes)
Logf logger.Logf
Now func() time.Time // if nil, defaults to time.Now
// If non-nil, StatusCodeCounters maintains counters
// of status codes for handled responses.
// The keys are "1xx", "2xx", "3xx", "4xx", and "5xx".
StatusCodeCounters *expvar.Map
// If non-nil, StatusCodeCountersFull maintains counters of status
// codes for handled responses.
// The keys are HTTP numeric response codes e.g. 200, 404, ...
StatusCodeCountersFull *expvar.Map
// If non-nil, BucketedStats computes and exposes statistics
// for each bucket based on the contained parameters.
BucketedStats *BucketedStatsOptions
// OnError is called if the handler returned a HTTPError. This
// is intended to be used to present pretty error pages if
// the user agent is determined to be a browser.
OnError ErrorHandlerFunc
}
// ErrorHandlerFunc is called to present a error response.
type ErrorHandlerFunc func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request, HTTPError)
// ReturnHandlerFunc is an adapter to allow the use of ordinary
// functions as ReturnHandlers. If f is a function with the
// appropriate signature, ReturnHandlerFunc(f) is a ReturnHandler that
// calls f.
type ReturnHandlerFunc func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request) error
// A Middleware is a function that wraps an http.Handler to extend or modify
// its behaviour.
//
// The implementation of the wrapper is responsible for delegating its input
// request to the underlying handler, if appropriate.
type Middleware func(h http.Handler) http.Handler
// ServeHTTPReturn calls f(w, r).
func (f ReturnHandlerFunc) ServeHTTPReturn(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) error {
return f(w, r)
}
// StdHandler converts a ReturnHandler into a standard http.Handler.
// Handled requests are logged using opts.Logf, as are any errors.
// Errors are handled as specified by the Handler interface.
func StdHandler(h ReturnHandler, opts HandlerOptions) http.Handler {
if opts.Now == nil {
opts.Now = time.Now
}
if opts.Logf == nil {
opts.Logf = logger.Discard
}
return retHandler{h, opts}
}
// retHandler is an http.Handler that wraps a Handler and handles errors.
type retHandler struct {
rh ReturnHandler
opts HandlerOptions
}
// ServeHTTP implements the http.Handler interface.
func (h retHandler) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
msg := AccessLogRecord{
When: h.opts.Now(),
RemoteAddr: r.RemoteAddr,
Proto: r.Proto,
TLS: r.TLS != nil,
Host: r.Host,
Method: r.Method,
RequestURI: r.URL.RequestURI(),
UserAgent: r.UserAgent(),
Referer: r.Referer(),
RequestID: RequestIDFromContext(r.Context()),
}
var bucket string
bumpStartIfNeeded := func() {}
if bs := h.opts.BucketedStats; bs != nil {
bucket = bs.bucketForRequest(r)
if bs.Started != nil {
switch v := bs.Started.Map.Get(bucket).(type) {
case *expvar.Int:
// If we've already seen this bucket for, count it immediately.
v.Add(1)
case nil:
// Otherwise, for newly seen paths, only count retroactively
// (so started-finished doesn't go negative) so we don't fill
// this LabelMap up with internet scanning spam.
bumpStartIfNeeded = func() { bs.Started.Add(bucket, 1) }
}
}
}
lw := &loggingResponseWriter{ResponseWriter: w, logf: h.opts.Logf}
err := h.rh.ServeHTTPReturn(lw, r)
var hErr HTTPError
var hErrOK bool
if errors.As(err, &hErr) {
hErrOK = true
} else if vizErr, ok := vizerror.As(err); ok {
hErrOK = true
hErr = HTTPError{Msg: vizErr.Error()}
}
if lw.code == 0 && err == nil && !lw.hijacked {
// If the handler didn't write and didn't send a header, that still means 200.
// (See https://play.golang.org/p/4P7nx_Tap7p)
lw.code = 200
}
msg.Seconds = h.opts.Now().Sub(msg.When).Seconds()
msg.Code = lw.code
msg.Bytes = lw.bytes
switch {
case lw.hijacked:
// Connection no longer belongs to us, just log that we
// switched protocols away from HTTP.
if msg.Code == 0 {
msg.Code = http.StatusSwitchingProtocols
}
case err != nil && r.Context().Err() == context.Canceled:
msg.Code = 499 // nginx convention: Client Closed Request
msg.Err = context.Canceled.Error()
case hErrOK:
// Handler asked us to send an error. Do so, if we haven't
// already sent a response.
msg.Err = hErr.Msg
if hErr.Err != nil {
if msg.Err == "" {
msg.Err = hErr.Err.Error()
} else {
msg.Err = msg.Err + ": " + hErr.Err.Error()
}
}
if lw.code != 0 {
h.opts.Logf("[unexpected] handler returned HTTPError %v, but already sent a response with code %d", hErr, lw.code)
break
}
msg.Code = hErr.Code
if msg.Code == 0 {
h.opts.Logf("[unexpected] HTTPError %v did not contain an HTTP status code, sending internal server error", hErr)
msg.Code = http.StatusInternalServerError
}
if h.opts.OnError != nil {
h.opts.OnError(lw, r, hErr)
} else {
// Default headers set by http.Error.
lw.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/plain; charset=utf-8")
lw.Header().Set("X-Content-Type-Options", "nosniff")
for k, vs := range hErr.Header {
lw.Header()[k] = vs
}
lw.WriteHeader(msg.Code)
fmt.Fprintln(lw, hErr.Msg)
if msg.RequestID != "" {
fmt.Fprintln(lw, msg.RequestID)
}
}
case err != nil:
const internalServerError = "internal server error"
errorMessage := internalServerError
if msg.RequestID != "" {
errorMessage += "\n" + string(msg.RequestID)
}
// Handler returned a generic error. Serve an internal server
// error, if necessary.
msg.Err = err.Error()
if lw.code == 0 {
msg.Code = http.StatusInternalServerError
http.Error(lw, errorMessage, msg.Code)
}
}
if bs := h.opts.BucketedStats; bs != nil && bs.Finished != nil {
// Only increment metrics for buckets that result in good HTTP statuses.
// Otherwise they get full of internet scanning noise. Only filtering 404
// gets most of the way there but there are also plenty of URLs that are
// almost right but result in 400s too. Seem easier to just only ignore
// all 4xx and 5xx.
if msg.Code < 400 {
bumpStartIfNeeded()
bs.Finished.Add(bucket, 1)
}
}
if !h.opts.QuietLoggingIfSuccessful || (msg.Code != http.StatusOK && msg.Code != http.StatusNotModified) {
h.opts.Logf("%s", msg)
}
if h.opts.StatusCodeCounters != nil {
h.opts.StatusCodeCounters.Add(responseCodeString(msg.Code/100), 1)
}
if h.opts.StatusCodeCountersFull != nil {
h.opts.StatusCodeCountersFull.Add(responseCodeString(msg.Code), 1)
}
}
func responseCodeString(code int) string {
if v, ok := responseCodeCache.Load(code); ok {
return v.(string)
}
var ret string
if code < 10 {
ret = fmt.Sprintf("%dxx", code)
} else {
ret = strconv.Itoa(code)
}
responseCodeCache.Store(code, ret)
return ret
}
// responseCodeCache memoizes the string form of HTTP response codes,
// so that the hot request-handling codepath doesn't have to allocate
// in strconv/fmt for every request.
//
// Keys are either full HTTP response code ints (200, 404) or "family"
// ints representing entire families (e.g. 2 for 2xx codes). Values
// are the string form of that code/family.
var responseCodeCache sync.Map
// loggingResponseWriter wraps a ResponseWriter and record the HTTP
// response code that gets sent, if any.
type loggingResponseWriter struct {
http.ResponseWriter
code int
bytes int
hijacked bool
logf logger.Logf
}
// WriteHeader implements http.Handler.
func (l *loggingResponseWriter) WriteHeader(statusCode int) {
if l.code != 0 {
l.logf("[unexpected] HTTP handler set statusCode twice (%d and %d)", l.code, statusCode)
return
}
l.code = statusCode
l.ResponseWriter.WriteHeader(statusCode)
}
// Write implements http.Handler.
func (l *loggingResponseWriter) Write(bs []byte) (int, error) {
if l.code == 0 {
l.code = 200
}
n, err := l.ResponseWriter.Write(bs)
l.bytes += n
return n, err
}
// Hijack implements http.Hijacker. Note that hijacking can still fail
// because the wrapped ResponseWriter is not required to implement
// Hijacker, as this breaks HTTP/2.
func (l *loggingResponseWriter) Hijack() (net.Conn, *bufio.ReadWriter, error) {
h, ok := l.ResponseWriter.(http.Hijacker)
if !ok {
return nil, nil, errors.New("ResponseWriter is not a Hijacker")
}
conn, buf, err := h.Hijack()
if err == nil {
l.hijacked = true
}
return conn, buf, err
}
func (l loggingResponseWriter) Flush() {
f, _ := l.ResponseWriter.(http.Flusher)
if f == nil {
l.logf("[unexpected] tried to Flush a ResponseWriter that can't flush")
return
}
f.Flush()
}
// HTTPError is an error with embedded HTTP response information.
//
// It is the error type to be (optionally) used by Handler.ServeHTTPReturn.
type HTTPError struct {
Code int // HTTP response code to send to client; 0 means 500
Msg string // Response body to send to client
Err error // Detailed error to log on the server
Header http.Header // Optional set of HTTP headers to set in the response
}
// Error implements the error interface.
func (e HTTPError) Error() string { return fmt.Sprintf("httperror{%d, %q, %v}", e.Code, e.Msg, e.Err) }
func (e HTTPError) Unwrap() error { return e.Err }
// Error returns an HTTPError containing the given information.
func Error(code int, msg string, err error) HTTPError {
return HTTPError{Code: code, Msg: msg, Err: err}
}
// VarzHandler writes expvar values as Prometheus metrics.
// TODO: migrate all users to varz.Handler or promvarz.Handler and remove this.
func VarzHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
varz.Handler(w, r)
}
// CleanRedirectURL ensures that urlStr is a valid redirect URL to the
// current server, or one of allowedHosts. Returns the cleaned URL or
// a validation error.
func CleanRedirectURL(urlStr string, allowedHosts []string) (*url.URL, error) {
if urlStr == "" {
return &url.URL{}, nil
}
// In some places, we unfortunately query-escape the redirect URL
// too many times, and end up needing to redirect to a URL that's
// still escaped by one level. Try to unescape the input.
unescaped, err := url.QueryUnescape(urlStr)
if err == nil && unescaped != urlStr {
urlStr = unescaped
}
// Go's URL parser and browser URL parsers disagree on the meaning
// of malformed HTTP URLs. Given the input https:/evil.com, Go
// parses it as hostname="", path="/evil.com". Browsers parse it
// as hostname="evil.com", path="". This means that, using
// malformed URLs, an attacker could trick us into approving of a
// "local" redirect that in fact sends people elsewhere.
//
// This very blunt check enforces that we'll only process
// redirects that are definitely well-formed URLs.
//
// Note that the check for just / also allows URLs of the form
// "//foo.com/bar", which are scheme-relative redirects. These
// must be handled with care below when determining whether a
// redirect is relative to the current host. Notably,
// url.URL.IsAbs reports // URLs as relative, whereas we want to
// treat them as absolute redirects and verify the target host.
if !hasSafeRedirectPrefix(urlStr) {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid redirect URL %q", urlStr)
}
url, err := url.Parse(urlStr)
if err != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid redirect URL %q: %w", urlStr, err)
}
// Redirects to self are always allowed. A self redirect must
// start with url.Path, all prior URL sections must be empty.
isSelfRedirect := url.Scheme == "" && url.Opaque == "" && url.User == nil && url.Host == ""
if isSelfRedirect {
return url, nil
}
for _, allowed := range allowedHosts {
if strings.EqualFold(allowed, url.Hostname()) {
return url, nil
}
}
return nil, fmt.Errorf("disallowed target host %q in redirect URL %q", url.Hostname(), urlStr)
}
// hasSafeRedirectPrefix reports whether url starts with a slash, or
// one of the case-insensitive strings "http://" or "https://".
func hasSafeRedirectPrefix(url string) bool {
if len(url) >= 1 && url[0] == '/' {
return true
}
const http = "http://"
if len(url) >= len(http) && strings.EqualFold(url[:len(http)], http) {
return true
}
const https = "https://"
if len(url) >= len(https) && strings.EqualFold(url[:len(https)], https) {
return true
}
return false
}
// AddBrowserHeaders sets various HTTP security headers for browser-facing endpoints.
//
// The specific headers:
// - require HTTPS access (HSTS)
// - disallow iframe embedding
// - mitigate MIME confusion attacks
//
// These headers are based on
// https://infosec.mozilla.org/guidelines/web_security
func AddBrowserHeaders(w http.ResponseWriter) {
w.Header().Set("Strict-Transport-Security", "max-age=63072000; includeSubDomains")
w.Header().Set("Content-Security-Policy", "default-src 'self'; frame-ancestors 'none'; form-action 'self'; base-uri 'self'; block-all-mixed-content; object-src 'none'")
w.Header().Set("X-Frame-Options", "DENY")
w.Header().Set("X-Content-Type-Options", "nosniff")
}
// BrowserHeaderHandler wraps the provided http.Handler with a call to
// AddBrowserHeaders.
func BrowserHeaderHandler(h http.Handler) http.Handler {
return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
AddBrowserHeaders(w)
h.ServeHTTP(w, r)
})
}
// BrowserHeaderHandlerFunc wraps the provided http.HandlerFunc with a call to
// AddBrowserHeaders.
func BrowserHeaderHandlerFunc(h http.HandlerFunc) http.HandlerFunc {
return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
AddBrowserHeaders(w)
h.ServeHTTP(w, r)
}
}