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671 lines
24 KiB
ReStructuredText
671 lines
24 KiB
ReStructuredText
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API Reference
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*************
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Package Layout
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==============
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mitogen Package
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---------------
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.. automodule:: mitogen
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.. autodata:: mitogen.__version__
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.. autodata:: mitogen.is_master
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.. autodata:: mitogen.context_id
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.. autodata:: mitogen.parent_id
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.. autodata:: mitogen.parent_ids
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.. autofunction:: mitogen.main
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mitogen.core
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------------
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.. automodule:: mitogen.core
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.. currentmodule:: mitogen.core
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.. autodecorator:: takes_econtext
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.. currentmodule:: mitogen.core
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.. autodecorator:: takes_router
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mitogen.master
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--------------
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.. automodule:: mitogen.master
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mitogen.parent
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--------------
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.. automodule:: mitogen.parent
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mitogen.fakessh
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---------------
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.. image:: images/fakessh.svg
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:class: mitogen-right-300
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.. automodule:: mitogen.fakessh
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.. currentmodule:: mitogen.fakessh
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.. autofunction:: run (dest, router, args, daedline=None, econtext=None)
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Message Class
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=============
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.. currentmodule:: mitogen.core
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.. autoclass:: Message
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:members:
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Router Class
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============
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.. currentmodule:: mitogen.core
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.. autoclass:: Router
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:members:
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.. currentmodule:: mitogen.parent
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.. autoclass:: Router
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:members:
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.. currentmodule:: mitogen.master
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.. autoclass:: Router (broker=None)
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:members:
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.. _context-factories:
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Connection Methods
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==================
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.. currentmodule:: mitogen.parent
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.. method:: Router.buildah (container=None, buildah_path=None, username=None, \**kwargs)
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Construct a context on the local machine over a ``buildah`` invocation.
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Accepts all parameters accepted by :meth:`local`, in addition to:
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:param str container:
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The name of the Buildah container to connect to.
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:param str doas_path:
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Filename or complete path to the ``buildah`` binary. ``PATH`` will be
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searched if given as a filename. Defaults to ``buildah``.
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:param str username:
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Username to use, defaults to unset.
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.. currentmodule:: mitogen.parent
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.. method:: Router.fork (on_fork=None, on_start=None, debug=False, profiling=False, via=None)
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Construct a context on the local machine by forking the current
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process. The forked child receives a new identity, sets up a new broker
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and router, and responds to function calls identically to children
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created using other methods.
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The use of this method is strongly discouraged. It requires Python 2.6 or
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newer, as older Pythons made no effort to reset threading state upon fork.
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For long-lived processes, :meth:`local` is always better as it
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guarantees a pristine interpreter state that inherited little from the
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parent. Forking should only be used in performance-sensitive scenarios
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where short-lived children must be spawned to isolate potentially buggy
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code, and only after accounting for all the bad things possible as a
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result of, at a minimum:
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* Files open in the parent remaining open in the child,
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causing the lifetime of the underlying object to be extended
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indefinitely.
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* From the perspective of external components, this is observable
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in the form of pipes and sockets that are never closed, which may
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break anything relying on closure to signal protocol termination.
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* Descriptors that reference temporary files will not have their disk
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space reclaimed until the child exits.
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* Third party package state, such as urllib3's HTTP connection pool,
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attempting to write to file descriptors shared with the parent,
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causing random failures in both parent and child.
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* UNIX signal handlers installed in the parent process remaining active
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in the child, despite associated resources, such as service threads,
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child processes, resource usage counters or process timers becoming
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absent or reset in the child.
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* Library code that makes assumptions about the process ID remaining
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unchanged, for example to implement inter-process locking, or to
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generate file names.
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* Anonymous ``MAP_PRIVATE`` memory mappings whose storage requirement
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doubles as either parent or child dirties their pages.
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* File-backed memory mappings that cannot have their space freed on
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disk due to the mapping living on in the child.
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* Difficult to diagnose memory usage and latency spikes due to object
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graphs becoming unreferenced in either parent or child, causing
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immediate copy-on-write to large portions of the process heap.
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* Locks held in the parent causing random deadlocks in the child, such
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as when another thread emits a log entry via the :mod:`logging`
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package concurrent to another thread calling :meth:`fork`, or when a C
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extension module calls the C library allocator, or when a thread is using
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the C library DNS resolver, for example via :func:`socket.gethostbyname`.
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* Objects existing in Thread-Local Storage of every non-:meth:`fork`
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thread becoming permanently inaccessible, and never having their
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object destructors called, including TLS usage by native extension
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code, triggering many new variants of all the issues above.
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* Pseudo-Random Number Generator state that is easily observable by
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network peers to be duplicate, violating requirements of
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cryptographic protocols through one-time state reuse. In the worst
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case, children continually reuse the same state due to repeatedly
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forking from a static parent.
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:meth:`fork` cleans up Mitogen-internal objects, in addition to
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locks held by the :mod:`logging` package, reseeds
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:func:`random.random`, and the OpenSSL PRNG via
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:func:`ssl.RAND_add`, but only if the :mod:`ssl` module is
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already loaded. You must arrange for your program's state, including
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any third party packages in use, to be cleaned up by specifying an
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`on_fork` function.
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The associated stream implementation is
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:class:`mitogen.fork.Stream`.
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:param function on_fork:
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Function invoked as `on_fork()` from within the child process. This
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permits supplying a program-specific cleanup function to break
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locks and close file descriptors belonging to the parent from
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within the child.
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:param function on_start:
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Invoked as `on_start(econtext)` from within the child process after
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it has been set up, but before the function dispatch loop starts.
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This permits supplying a custom child main function that inherits
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rich data structures that cannot normally be passed via a
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serialization.
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:param mitogen.core.Context via:
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Same as the `via` parameter for :meth:`local`.
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:param bool debug:
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Same as the `debug` parameter for :meth:`local`.
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:param bool profiling:
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Same as the `profiling` parameter for :meth:`local`.
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.. method:: Router.local (remote_name=None, python_path=None, debug=False, connect_timeout=None, profiling=False, via=None)
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Construct a context on the local machine as a subprocess of the current
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process. The associated stream implementation is
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:class:`mitogen.master.Stream`.
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:param str remote_name:
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The ``argv[0]`` suffix for the new process. If `remote_name` is
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``test``, the new process ``argv[0]`` will be ``mitogen:test``.
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If unspecified, defaults to ``<username>@<hostname>:<pid>``.
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This variable cannot contain slash characters, as the resulting
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``argv[0]`` must be presented in such a way as to allow Python to
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determine its installation prefix. This is required to support
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virtualenv.
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:param str|list python_path:
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String or list path to the Python interpreter to use for bootstrap.
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Defaults to :data:`sys.executable` for local connections, and
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``python`` for remote connections.
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It is possible to pass a list to invoke Python wrapped using
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another tool, such as ``["/usr/bin/env", "python"]``.
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:param bool debug:
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If :data:`True`, arrange for debug logging (:meth:`enable_debug`) to
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be enabled in the new context. Automatically :data:`True` when
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:meth:`enable_debug` has been called, but may be used
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selectively otherwise.
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:param bool unidirectional:
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If :data:`True`, arrange for the child's router to be constructed
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with :attr:`unidirectional routing
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<mitogen.core.Router.unidirectional>` enabled. Automatically
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:data:`True` when it was enabled for this router, but may still be
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explicitly set to :data:`False`.
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:param float connect_timeout:
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Fractional seconds to wait for the subprocess to indicate it is
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healthy. Defaults to 30 seconds.
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:param bool profiling:
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If :data:`True`, arrange for profiling (:data:`profiling`) to be
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enabled in the new context. Automatically :data:`True` when
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:data:`profiling` is :data:`True`, but may be used selectively
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otherwise.
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:param mitogen.core.Context via:
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If not :data:`None`, arrange for construction to occur via RPCs
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made to the context `via`, and for :data:`ADD_ROUTE
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<mitogen.core.ADD_ROUTE>` messages to be generated as appropriate.
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.. code-block:: python
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# SSH to the remote machine.
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remote_machine = router.ssh(hostname='mybox.com')
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# Use the SSH connection to create a sudo connection.
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remote_root = router.sudo(username='root', via=remote_machine)
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.. method:: Router.doas (username=None, password=None, doas_path=None, password_prompt=None, incorrect_prompts=None, \**kwargs)
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Construct a context on the local machine over a ``doas`` invocation.
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The ``doas`` process is started in a newly allocated pseudo-terminal,
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and supports typing interactive passwords.
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Accepts all parameters accepted by :meth:`local`, in addition to:
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:param str username:
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Username to use, defaults to ``root``.
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:param str password:
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The account password to use if requested.
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:param str doas_path:
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Filename or complete path to the ``doas`` binary. ``PATH`` will be
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searched if given as a filename. Defaults to ``doas``.
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:param bytes password_prompt:
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A string that indicates ``doas`` is requesting a password. Defaults
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to ``Password:``.
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:param list incorrect_prompts:
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List of bytestrings indicating the password is incorrect. Defaults
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to `(b"doas: authentication failed")`.
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:raises mitogen.doas.PasswordError:
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A password was requested but none was provided, the supplied
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password was incorrect, or the target account did not exist.
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.. method:: Router.docker (container=None, image=None, docker_path=None, \**kwargs)
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Construct a context on the local machine within an existing or
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temporary new Docker container using the ``docker`` program. One of
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`container` or `image` must be specified.
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Accepts all parameters accepted by :meth:`local`, in addition to:
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:param str container:
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Existing container to connect to. Defaults to :data:`None`.
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:param str username:
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Username within the container to :func:`setuid` to. Defaults to
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:data:`None`, which Docker interprets as ``root``.
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:param str image:
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Image tag to use to construct a temporary container. Defaults to
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:data:`None`.
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:param str docker_path:
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Filename or complete path to the Docker binary. ``PATH`` will be
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searched if given as a filename. Defaults to ``docker``.
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.. method:: Router.jail (container, jexec_path=None, \**kwargs)
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Construct a context on the local machine within a FreeBSD jail using
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the ``jexec`` program.
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Accepts all parameters accepted by :meth:`local`, in addition to:
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:param str container:
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Existing container to connect to. Defaults to :data:`None`.
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:param str username:
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Username within the container to :func:`setuid` to. Defaults to
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:data:`None`, which ``jexec`` interprets as ``root``.
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:param str jexec_path:
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Filename or complete path to the ``jexec`` binary. ``PATH`` will be
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searched if given as a filename. Defaults to ``/usr/sbin/jexec``.
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.. method:: Router.kubectl (pod, kubectl_path=None, kubectl_args=None, \**kwargs)
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Construct a context in a container via the Kubernetes ``kubectl``
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program.
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Accepts all parameters accepted by :meth:`local`, in addition to:
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:param str pod:
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Kubernetes pod to connect to.
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:param str kubectl_path:
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Filename or complete path to the ``kubectl`` binary. ``PATH`` will
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be searched if given as a filename. Defaults to ``kubectl``.
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:param list kubectl_args:
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Additional arguments to pass to the ``kubectl`` command.
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.. method:: Router.lxc (container, lxc_attach_path=None, \**kwargs)
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Construct a context on the local machine within an LXC classic
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container using the ``lxc-attach`` program.
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Accepts all parameters accepted by :meth:`local`, in addition to:
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:param str container:
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Existing container to connect to. Defaults to :data:`None`.
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:param str lxc_attach_path:
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Filename or complete path to the ``lxc-attach`` binary. ``PATH``
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will be searched if given as a filename. Defaults to
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``lxc-attach``.
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.. method:: Router.lxd (container, lxc_path=None, \**kwargs)
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Construct a context on the local machine within a LXD container using
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the ``lxc`` program.
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Accepts all parameters accepted by :meth:`local`, in addition to:
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:param str container:
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Existing container to connect to. Defaults to :data:`None`.
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:param str lxc_path:
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Filename or complete path to the ``lxc`` binary. ``PATH`` will be
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searched if given as a filename. Defaults to ``lxc``.
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.. method:: Router.setns (container, kind, username=None, docker_path=None, lxc_info_path=None, machinectl_path=None, \**kwargs)
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Construct a context in the style of :meth:`local`, but change the
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active Linux process namespaces via calls to `setns(2)` before
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executing Python.
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The namespaces to use, and the active root file system are taken from
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the root PID of a running Docker, LXC, LXD, or systemd-nspawn
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container.
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The setns method depends on the built-in :mod:`ctypes` module, and thus
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does not support Python 2.4.
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A program is required only to find the root PID, after which management
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of the child Python interpreter is handled directly.
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:param str container:
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Container to connect to.
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:param str kind:
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One of ``docker``, ``lxc``, ``lxd`` or ``machinectl``.
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:param str username:
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Username within the container to :func:`setuid` to. Defaults to
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``root``.
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:param str docker_path:
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Filename or complete path to the Docker binary. ``PATH`` will be
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searched if given as a filename. Defaults to ``docker``.
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:param str lxc_path:
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Filename or complete path to the LXD ``lxc`` binary. ``PATH`` will
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be searched if given as a filename. Defaults to ``lxc``.
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:param str lxc_info_path:
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Filename or complete path to the LXC ``lxc-info`` binary. ``PATH``
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will be searched if given as a filename. Defaults to ``lxc-info``.
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:param str machinectl_path:
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Filename or complete path to the ``machinectl`` binary. ``PATH``
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will be searched if given as a filename. Defaults to
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``machinectl``.
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.. method:: Router.su (username=None, password=None, su_path=None, password_prompt=None, incorrect_prompts=None, \**kwargs)
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Construct a context on the local machine over a ``su`` invocation. The
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``su`` process is started in a newly allocated pseudo-terminal, and
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supports typing interactive passwords.
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Accepts all parameters accepted by :meth:`local`, in addition to:
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:param str username:
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Username to pass to ``su``, defaults to ``root``.
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:param str password:
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The account password to use if requested.
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:param str su_path:
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Filename or complete path to the ``su`` binary. ``PATH`` will be
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searched if given as a filename. Defaults to ``su``.
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:param bytes password_prompt:
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The string that indicates ``su`` is requesting a password. Defaults
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to ``Password:``.
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:param str incorrect_prompts:
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Strings that signal the password is incorrect. Defaults to `("su:
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sorry", "su: authentication failure")`.
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:raises mitogen.su.PasswordError:
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A password was requested but none was provided, the supplied
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password was incorrect, or (on BSD) the target account did not
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exist.
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.. method:: Router.sudo (username=None, sudo_path=None, password=None, \**kwargs)
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Construct a context on the local machine over a ``sudo`` invocation.
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The ``sudo`` process is started in a newly allocated pseudo-terminal,
|
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and supports typing interactive passwords.
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Accepts all parameters accepted by :meth:`local`, in addition to:
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:param str username:
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Username to pass to sudo as the ``-u`` parameter, defaults to
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``root``.
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:param str sudo_path:
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Filename or complete path to the sudo binary. ``PATH`` will be
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searched if given as a filename. Defaults to ``sudo``.
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:param str password:
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The password to use if/when sudo requests it. Depending on the sudo
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configuration, this is either the current account password or the
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target account password. :class:`mitogen.sudo.PasswordError`
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will be raised if sudo requests a password but none is provided.
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:param bool set_home:
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If :data:`True`, request ``sudo`` set the ``HOME`` environment
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variable to match the target UNIX account.
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:param bool preserve_env:
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If :data:`True`, request ``sudo`` to preserve the environment of
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the parent process.
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:param str selinux_type:
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If not :data:`None`, the SELinux security context to use.
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:param str selinux_role:
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If not :data:`None`, the SELinux role to use.
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:param list sudo_args:
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Arguments in the style of :data:`sys.argv` that would normally
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be passed to ``sudo``. The arguments are parsed in-process to set
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equivalent parameters. Re-parsing ensures unsupported options cause
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:class:`mitogen.core.StreamError` to be raised, and that
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attributes of the stream match the actual behaviour of ``sudo``.
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.. method:: Router.ssh (hostname, username=None, ssh_path=None, ssh_args=None, port=None, check_host_keys='enforce', password=None, identity_file=None, identities_only=True, compression=True, \**kwargs)
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Construct a remote context over an OpenSSH ``ssh`` invocation.
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The ``ssh`` process is started in a newly allocated pseudo-terminal to
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support typing interactive passwords and responding to prompts, if a
|
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password is specified, or `check_host_keys=accept`. In other scenarios,
|
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``BatchMode`` is enabled and no PTY is allocated. For many-target
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configurations, both options should be avoided as most systems have a
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conservative limit on the number of pseudo-terminals that may exist.
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Accepts all parameters accepted by :meth:`local`, in addition to:
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:param str username:
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The SSH username; default is unspecified, which causes SSH to pick
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the username to use.
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:param str ssh_path:
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Absolute or relative path to ``ssh``. Defaults to ``ssh``.
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:param list ssh_args:
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Additional arguments to pass to the SSH command.
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:param int port:
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Port number to connect to; default is unspecified, which causes SSH
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to pick the port number.
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:param str check_host_keys:
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Specifies the SSH host key checking mode. Defaults to ``enforce``.
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* ``ignore``: no host key checking is performed. Connections never
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fail due to an unknown or changed host key.
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* ``accept``: known hosts keys are checked to ensure they match,
|
|
new host keys are automatically accepted and verified in future
|
|
connections.
|
|
* ``enforce``: known host keys are checked to ensure they match,
|
|
unknown hosts cause a connection failure.
|
|
:param str password:
|
|
Password to type if/when ``ssh`` requests it. If not specified and
|
|
a password is requested, :class:`mitogen.ssh.PasswordError` is
|
|
raised.
|
|
:param str identity_file:
|
|
Path to an SSH private key file to use for authentication. Default
|
|
is unspecified, which causes SSH to pick the identity file.
|
|
|
|
When this option is specified, only `identity_file` will be used by
|
|
the SSH client to perform authenticaion; agent authentication is
|
|
automatically disabled, as is reading the default private key from
|
|
``~/.ssh/id_rsa``, or ``~/.ssh/id_dsa``.
|
|
:param bool identities_only:
|
|
If :data:`True` and a password or explicit identity file is
|
|
specified, instruct the SSH client to disable any authentication
|
|
identities inherited from the surrounding environment, such as
|
|
those loaded in any running ``ssh-agent``, or default key files
|
|
present in ``~/.ssh``. This ensures authentication attempts only
|
|
occur using the supplied password or SSH key.
|
|
:param bool compression:
|
|
If :data:`True`, enable ``ssh`` compression support. Compression
|
|
has a minimal effect on the size of modules transmitted, as they
|
|
are already compressed, however it has a large effect on every
|
|
remaining message in the otherwise uncompressed stream protocol,
|
|
such as function call arguments and return values.
|
|
:param int ssh_debug_level:
|
|
Optional integer `0..3` indicating the SSH client debug level.
|
|
:raises mitogen.ssh.PasswordError:
|
|
A password was requested but none was specified, or the specified
|
|
password was incorrect.
|
|
|
|
:raises mitogen.ssh.HostKeyError:
|
|
When `check_host_keys` is set to either ``accept``, indicates a
|
|
previously recorded key no longer matches the remote machine. When
|
|
set to ``enforce``, as above, but additionally indicates no
|
|
previously recorded key exists for the remote machine.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Context Class
|
|
=============
|
|
|
|
.. currentmodule:: mitogen.core
|
|
.. autoclass:: Context
|
|
:members:
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. currentmodule:: mitogen.parent
|
|
.. autoclass:: Context
|
|
:members:
|
|
|
|
.. currentmodule:: mitogen.parent
|
|
.. autoclass:: CallChain
|
|
:members:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Receiver Class
|
|
==============
|
|
|
|
.. currentmodule:: mitogen.core
|
|
.. autoclass:: Receiver
|
|
:members:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sender Class
|
|
============
|
|
|
|
.. currentmodule:: mitogen.core
|
|
.. autoclass:: Sender
|
|
:members:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Select Class
|
|
============
|
|
|
|
.. module:: mitogen.select
|
|
.. currentmodule:: mitogen.select
|
|
|
|
.. autoclass:: Event
|
|
:members:
|
|
|
|
.. autoclass:: Select
|
|
:members:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Channel Class
|
|
=============
|
|
|
|
.. currentmodule:: mitogen.core
|
|
.. autoclass:: Channel
|
|
:members:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Broker Class
|
|
============
|
|
|
|
.. currentmodule:: mitogen.core
|
|
.. autoclass:: Broker
|
|
:members:
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. currentmodule:: mitogen.master
|
|
.. autoclass:: Broker
|
|
:members:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fork Safety
|
|
===========
|
|
|
|
.. currentmodule:: mitogen.os_fork
|
|
.. autoclass:: Corker
|
|
:members:
|
|
|
|
|
|
Utility Functions
|
|
=================
|
|
|
|
.. currentmodule:: mitogen.core
|
|
.. function:: now
|
|
|
|
A reference to :func:`time.time` on Python 2, or :func:`time.monotonic` on
|
|
Python >3.3. We prefer :func:`time.monotonic` when available to ensure
|
|
timers are not impacted by system clock changes.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. module:: mitogen.utils
|
|
|
|
A random assortment of utility functions useful on masters and children.
|
|
|
|
.. currentmodule:: mitogen.utils
|
|
.. autofunction:: cast
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. currentmodule:: mitogen.utils
|
|
.. autofunction:: setup_gil
|
|
.. autofunction:: disable_site_packages
|
|
.. autofunction:: log_to_file
|
|
.. autofunction:: run_with_router(func, \*args, \**kwargs)
|
|
|
|
.. currentmodule:: mitogen.utils
|
|
.. decorator:: with_router
|
|
|
|
Decorator version of :func:`run_with_router`. Example:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: python
|
|
|
|
@with_router
|
|
def do_stuff(router, arg):
|
|
pass
|
|
|
|
do_stuff(blah, 123)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exceptions
|
|
==========
|
|
|
|
.. currentmodule:: mitogen.core
|
|
|
|
.. autoclass:: Error
|
|
.. autoclass:: CallError
|
|
.. autoclass:: ChannelError
|
|
.. autoclass:: LatchError
|
|
.. autoclass:: StreamError
|
|
.. autoclass:: TimeoutError
|
|
|
|
.. currentmodule:: mitogen.parent
|
|
.. autoclass:: EofError
|
|
.. autoclass:: CancelledError
|