issue #547: core/service: race/deadlock-free service pool init

The previous method of spinning up a transient thread to import the
service pool in a child context could deadlock with use of the importer
on the main thread. Therefore wake the main thread to handle import for
us, and use a regular Receiver to buffer messages to the stub, which is
inherited rather than replaced by the real service pool.

mitogen/core.py

@@ -122,6 +122,7 @@ LOAD_MODULE = 107
 FORWARD_MODULE = 108
 DETACHING = 109
 CALL_SERVICE = 110
+STUB_CALL_SERVICE = 111
 
 #: Special value used to signal disconnection or the inability to route a
 #: message, when it appears in the `reply_to` field. Usually causes
@@ -3432,9 +3433,22 @@ class Dispatcher(object):
         self.econtext = econtext
         #: Chain ID -> CallError if prior call failed.
         self._error_by_chain_id = {}
-        self.recv = Receiver(router=econtext.router,
-                             handle=CALL_FUNCTION,
-                             policy=has_parent_authority)
+        self.recv = Receiver(
+            router=econtext.router,
+            handle=CALL_FUNCTION,
+            policy=has_parent_authority,
+        )
+        #: The :data:`CALL_SERVICE` :class:`Receiver` that will eventually be
+        #: reused by :class:`mitogen.service.Pool`, should it ever be loaded.
+        #: This is necessary for race-free reception of all service requests
+        #: delivered regardless of whether the stub or real service pool are
+        #: loaded. See #547 for related sorrows.
+        Dispatcher._service_recv = Receiver(
+            router=econtext.router,
+            handle=CALL_SERVICE,
+            policy=has_parent_authority,
+        )
+        self._service_recv.notify = self._on_call_service
         listen(econtext.broker, 'shutdown', self.recv.close)
 
     @classmethod
@@ -3475,8 +3489,44 @@ class Dispatcher(object):
                 self._error_by_chain_id[chain_id] = e
             return chain_id, e
 
+    def _on_call_service(self, recv):
+        """
+        Notifier for the :data:`CALL_SERVICE` receiver. This is called on the
+        :class:`Broker` thread for any service messages arriving at this
+        context, for as long as no real service pool implementation is loaded.
+
+        In order to safely bootstrap the service pool implementation a sentinel
+        message is enqueued on the :data:`CALL_FUNCTION` receiver in order to
+        wake the main thread, where the importer can run without any
+        possibility of suffering deadlock due to concurrent uses of the
+        importer.
+
+        Should the main thread be blocked indefinitely, preventing the import
+        from ever running, if it is blocked waiting on a service call, then it
+        means :mod:`mitogen.service` has already been imported and
+        :func:`mitogen.service.get_or_create_pool` has already run, meaning the
+        service pool is already active and the duplicate initialization was not
+        needed anyway.
+
+        #547: This trickery is needed to avoid the alternate option of spinning
+        a temporary thread to import the service pool, which could deadlock if
+        a custom import hook executing on the main thread (under the importer
+        lock) would block waiting for some data that was in turn received by a
+        service. Main thread import lock can't be released until service is
+        running, service cannot satisfy request until import lock is released.
+        """
+        self.recv._on_receive(Message(handle=STUB_CALL_SERVICE))
+
+    def _init_service_pool(self):
+        import mitogen.service
+        mitogen.service.get_or_create_pool(router=self.econtext.router)
+
     def _dispatch_calls(self):
         for msg in self.recv:
+            if msg.handle == STUB_CALL_SERVICE:
+                self._init_service_pool()
+                continue
+
             chain_id, ret = self._dispatch_one(msg)
             _v and LOG.debug('%r: %r -> %r', self, msg, ret)
             if msg.reply_to:
@@ -3535,34 +3585,6 @@ class ExternalContext(object):
         if not self.config['profiling']:
             os.kill(os.getpid(), signal.SIGTERM)
 
-    #: On Python >3.4, the global importer lock has split into per-module
-    #: locks, so there is no guarantee the import statement in
-    #: service_stub_main will complete before a second thread attempting the
-    #: same import will see a partially initialized module. Therefore serialize
-    #: the stub explicitly.
-    service_stub_lock = threading.Lock()
-
-    def _service_stub_main(self, msg):
-        self.service_stub_lock.acquire()
-        try:
-            import mitogen.service
-            pool = mitogen.service.get_or_create_pool(router=self.router)
-            pool._receiver._on_receive(msg)
-        finally:
-            self.service_stub_lock.release()
-
-    def _on_call_service_msg(self, msg):
-        """
-        Stub service handler. Start a thread to import the mitogen.service
-        implementation from, and deliver the message to the newly constructed
-        pool. This must be done as CALL_SERVICE for e.g. PushFileService may
-        race with a CALL_FUNCTION blocking the main thread waiting for a result
-        from that service.
-        """
-        if not msg.is_dead:
-            th = threading.Thread(target=self._service_stub_main, args=(msg,))
-            th.start()
-
     def _on_shutdown_msg(self, msg):
         if not msg.is_dead:
             _v and LOG.debug('shutdown request from context %d', msg.src_id)
@@ -3606,11 +3628,6 @@ class ExternalContext(object):
             handle=SHUTDOWN,
             policy=has_parent_authority,
         )
-        self.router.add_handler(
-            fn=self._on_call_service_msg,
-            handle=CALL_SERVICE,
-            policy=has_parent_authority,
-        )
         self.master = Context(self.router, 0, 'master')
         parent_id = self.config['parent_ids'][0]
         if parent_id == 0:

mitogen/service.py

@@ -86,8 +86,13 @@ def get_or_create_pool(size=None, router=None):
         _pool_lock.acquire()
         try:
             if _pool_pid != my_pid:
-                _pool = Pool(router, [], size=size or DEFAULT_POOL_SIZE,
-                             overwrite=True)
+                _pool = Pool(
+                    router,
+                    services=[],
+                    size=size or DEFAULT_POOL_SIZE,
+                    overwrite=True,
+                    recv=mitogen.core.Dispatcher._service_recv,
+                )
                 # In case of Broker shutdown crash, Pool can cause 'zombie'
                 # processes.
                 mitogen.core.listen(router.broker, 'shutdown',
@@ -475,22 +480,31 @@ class Pool(object):
     program's configuration or its input data.
 
     :param mitogen.core.Router router:
-        Router to listen for ``CALL_SERVICE`` messages on.
+        :class:`mitogen.core.Router` to listen for
+        :data:`mitogen.core.CALL_SERVICE` messages.
     :param list services:
         Initial list of services to register.
+    :param mitogen.core.Receiver recv:
+        :data:`mitogen.core.CALL_SERVICE` receiver to reuse. This is used by
+        :func:`get_or_create_pool` to hand off a queue of messages from the
+        Dispatcher stub handler while avoiding a race.
     """
     activator_class = Activator
 
-    def __init__(self, router, services=(), size=1, overwrite=False):
+    def __init__(self, router, services=(), size=1, overwrite=False,
+                 recv=None):
         self.router = router
         self._activator = self.activator_class()
         self._ipc_latch = mitogen.core.Latch()
-        self._receiver = mitogen.core.Receiver(
+        self._receiver = recv or mitogen.core.Receiver(
             router=router,
             handle=mitogen.core.CALL_SERVICE,
             overwrite=overwrite,
         )
 
+        # If self._receiver was inherited from mitogen.core.Dispatcher, we must
+        # remove its stub notification function before adding it to our Select.
+        self._receiver.notify = None
         self._select = mitogen.select.Select(oneshot=False)
         self._select.add(self._receiver)
         self._select.add(self._ipc_latch)