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.. Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
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.. Copyright 2018 New Vector Ltd
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..
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.. Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
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.. you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
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.. You may obtain a copy of the License at
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..
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.. http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
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..
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.. Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
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.. distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
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.. WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
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.. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
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.. limitations under the License.
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Application Service API
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=======================
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The Matrix client-server API and server-server APIs provide the means to
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implement a consistent self-contained federated messaging fabric. However, they
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provide limited means of implementing custom server-side behaviour in Matrix
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(e.g. gateways, filters, extensible hooks etc). The Application Service API (AS API)
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defines a standard API to allow such extensible functionality to be implemented
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irrespective of the underlying homeserver implementation.
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.. TODO-spec
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Add in Client-Server services? Overview of bots? Seems weird to be in the spec
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given it is VERY implementation specific.
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.. contents:: Table of Contents
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.. sectnum::
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Changelog
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---------
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.. topic:: Version: unstable
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{{application_service_changelog}}
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This version of the specification is generated from
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`matrix-doc <https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-doc>`_ as of Git commit
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`{{git_version}} <https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-doc/tree/{{git_rev}}>`_.
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For the full historical changelog, see
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https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-doc/blob/master/changelogs/application_service.rst
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Application Services
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--------------------
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Application services are passive and can only observe events from a given
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homeserver (HS). They can inject events into rooms they are participating in.
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They cannot prevent events from being sent, nor can they modify the content of
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the event being sent. In order to observe events from a homeserver, the
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homeserver needs to be configured to pass certain types of traffic to the
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application service. This is achieved by manually configuring the homeserver
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with information about the application service (AS).
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Registration
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~~~~~~~~~~~~
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.. NOTE::
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Previously, application services could register with a homeserver via HTTP
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APIs. This was removed as it was seen as a security risk. A compromised
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application service could re-register for a global ``*`` regex and sniff
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*all* traffic on the homeserver. To protect against this, application
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services now have to register via configuration files which are linked to
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the homeserver configuration file. The addition of configuration files
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allows homeserver admins to sanity check the registration for suspicious
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regex strings.
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.. TODO
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Removing the API entirely is probably a mistake - having a standard cross-HS
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way of doing this stops ASes being coupled to particular HS implementations.
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A better solution would be to somehow mandate that the API done to avoid
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abuse.
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Application services register "namespaces" of user IDs, room aliases and room IDs.
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These namespaces are represented as regular expressions. An application service
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is said to be "interested" in a given event if one of the IDs in the event match
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the regular expression provided by the application service, such as the room having
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an alias or ID in the relevant namespaces. Similarly, the application service is
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said to be interested in a given event if one of the application service's namespaced
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users is the target of the event, or is a joined member of the room where the event
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occurred.
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An application service can also state whether they should be the only ones who
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can manage a specified namespace. This is referred to as an "exclusive"
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namespace. An exclusive namespace prevents humans and other application
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services from creating/deleting entities in that namespace. Typically,
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exclusive namespaces are used when the rooms represent real rooms on
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another service (e.g. IRC). Non-exclusive namespaces are used when the
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application service is merely augmenting the room itself (e.g. providing
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logging or searching facilities). Namespaces are represented by POSIX extended
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regular expressions and look like:
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.. code-block:: yaml
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users:
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- exclusive: true
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regex: "@_irc.freenode.net_.*"
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Application services may define the following namespaces (with none being explicitly required):
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+------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
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| Name | Description |
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+==================+===========================================================+
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| users | Events which are sent from certain users. |
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+------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
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| aliases | Events which are sent in rooms with certain room aliases. |
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+------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
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| rooms | Events which are sent in rooms with certain room IDs. |
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+------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
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Each individual namespace MUST declare the following fields:
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+------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| Name | Description |
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+==================+===================================================================================================================================+
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| exclusive | **Required** A true or false value stating whether this application service has exclusive access to events within this namespace. |
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+------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| regex | **Required** A regular expression defining which values this namespace includes. |
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+------------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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Exclusive user and alias namespaces should begin with an underscore after the
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sigil to avoid collisions with other users on the homeserver. Application
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services should additionally attempt to identify the service they represent
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in the reserved namespace. For example, ``@_irc_.*`` would be a good namespace
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to register for an application service which deals with IRC.
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The registration is represented by a series of key-value pairs, which this
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specification will present as YAML. See below for the possible options along
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with their explanation:
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+------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| Name | Description |
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+==================+====================================================================================================================================================+
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| id | **Required.** A unique, user-defined ID of the application service which will never change. |
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+------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| url | **Required.** The URL for the application service. May include a path after the domain name. Optionally set to ``null`` if no traffic is required. |
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+------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| as_token | **Required.** A unique token for application services to use to authenticate requests to Homeservers. |
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+------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| hs_token | **Required.** A unique token for Homeservers to use to authenticate requests to application services. |
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+------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| sender_localpart | **Required.** The localpart of the user associated with the application service. |
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+------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| namespaces | **Required.** A list of ``users``, ``aliases`` and ``rooms`` namespaces that the application service controls. |
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+------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| rate_limited | Whether requests from masqueraded users are rate-limited. The sender is excluded. |
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+------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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| protocols | The external protocols which the application service provides (e.g. IRC). |
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+------------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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An example registration file for an IRC-bridging application service is below:
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.. code-block:: yaml
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id: "IRC Bridge"
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url: "http://127.0.0.1:1234"
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as_token: "30c05ae90a248a4188e620216fa72e349803310ec83e2a77b34fe90be6081f46"
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hs_token: "312df522183efd404ec1cd22d2ffa4bbc76a8c1ccf541dd692eef281356bb74e"
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sender_localpart: "_irc_bot" # Will result in @_irc_bot:domain.com
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namespaces:
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users:
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- exclusive: true
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regex: "@_irc_bridge_.*"
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aliases:
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- exclusive: false
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regex: "#_irc_bridge_.*"
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rooms: []
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.. WARNING::
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If the homeserver in question has multiple application services, each
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``as_token`` and ``id`` MUST be unique per application service as these are
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used to identify the application service. The homeserver MUST enforce this.
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Homeserver -> Application Service API
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Pushing events
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++++++++++++++
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The application service API provides a transaction API for sending a list of
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events. Each list of events includes a transaction ID, which works as follows:
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::
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Typical
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HS ---> AS : Homeserver sends events with transaction ID T.
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<--- : AS sends back 200 OK.
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AS ACK Lost
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HS ---> AS : Homeserver sends events with transaction ID T.
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<-/- : AS 200 OK is lost.
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HS ---> AS : Homeserver retries with the same transaction ID of T.
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<--- : AS sends back 200 OK. If the AS had processed these events
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already, it can NO-OP this request (and it knows if it is the same
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events based on the transaction ID).
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The events sent to the application service should be linearised, as if they were
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from the event stream. The homeserver MUST maintain a queue of transactions to
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send to the AS. If the application service cannot be reached, the homeserver
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SHOULD backoff exponentially until the application service is reachable again.
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As application services cannot *modify* the events in any way, these requests can
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be made without blocking other aspects of the homeserver. Homeservers MUST NOT
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alter (e.g. add more) events they were going to send within that transaction ID
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on retries, as the AS may have already processed the events.
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{{transactions_as_http_api}}
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Querying
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++++++++
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The application service API includes two querying APIs: for room aliases and for
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user IDs. The application service SHOULD create the queried entity if it desires.
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During this process, the application service is blocking the homeserver until the
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entity is created and configured. If the homeserver does not receive a response
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to this request, the homeserver should retry several times before timing out. This
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should result in an HTTP status 408 "Request Timeout" on the client which initiated
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this request (e.g. to join a room alias).
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.. admonition:: Rationale
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Blocking the homeserver and expecting the application service to create the entity
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using the client-server API is simpler and more flexible than alternative methods
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such as returning an initial sync style JSON blob and get the HS to provision
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the room/user. This also meant that there didn't need to be a "backchannel" to inform
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the application service about information about the entity such as room ID to
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room alias mappings.
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{{query_user_as_http_api}}
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{{query_room_as_http_api}}
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Third party networks
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++++++++++++++++++++
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Application services may declare which protocols they support via their registration
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configuration for the homeserver. These networks are generally for third party services
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such as IRC that the application service is managing. Application services may populate
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a Matrix room directory for their registered protocols, as defined in the Client-Server
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API Extensions.
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Each protocol may have several "locations" (also known as "third party locations" or "3PLs").
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A location within a protocol is a place in the third party network, such as an IRC channel.
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Users of the third party network may also be represented by the application service.
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Locations and users can be searched by fields defined by the application service, such
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as by display name or other attribute. When clients request the homeserver to search
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in a particular "network" (protocol), the search fields will be passed along to the
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application service for filtering.
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{{protocols_as_http_api}}
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.. _create the user: `sect:asapi-permissions`_
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Client-Server API Extensions
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Application services can use a more powerful version of the
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client-server API by identifying itself as an application service to the
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homeserver.
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Endpoints defined in this section MUST be supported by homeservers in the
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client-server API as accessible only by application services.
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Identity assertion
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++++++++++++++++++
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The client-server API infers the user ID from the ``access_token`` provided in
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every request. To avoid the application service from having to keep track of each
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user's access token, the application service should identify itself to the Client-Server
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API by providing its ``as_token`` for the ``access_token`` alongside the user the
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application service would like to masquerade as.
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Inputs:
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- Application service token (``as_token``)
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- User ID in the AS namespace to act as.
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Notes:
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- This applies to all aspects of the Client-Server API, except for Account Management.
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- The ``as_token`` is inserted into ``access_token`` which is usually where the
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client token is, such as via the query string or ``Authorization`` header. This
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is done on purpose to allow application services to reuse client SDKs.
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- The ``access_token`` should be supplied through the ``Authorization`` header where
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possible to prevent the token appearing in HTTP request logs by accident.
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The application service may specify the virtual user to act as through use of a
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``user_id`` query string parameter on the request. The user specified in the query
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string must be covered by one of the application service's ``user`` namespaces. If
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the parameter is missing, the homeserver is to assume the application service intends
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to act as the user implied by the ``sender_localpart`` property of the registration.
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An example request would be::
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GET /_matrix/client/%CLIENT_MAJOR_VERSION%/account/whoami?user_id=@_irc_user:example.org
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Authorization: Bearer YourApplicationServiceTokenHere
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Timestamp massaging
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+++++++++++++++++++
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The application service may want to inject events at a certain time (reflecting
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the time on the network they are tracking e.g. irc, xmpp). Application services
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need to be able to adjust the ``origin_server_ts`` value to do this.
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Inputs:
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- Application service token (``as_token``)
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- Desired timestamp (in milliseconds since the unix epoch)
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Notes:
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- This will only apply when sending events.
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::
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PUT /_matrix/client/r0/rooms/!somewhere:domain.com/send/m.room.message/txnId?ts=1534535223283
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Authorization: Bearer YourApplicationServiceTokenHere
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Content: The event to send, as per the Client-Server API.
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Server admin style permissions
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++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
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.. _sect:asapi-permissions:
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The homeserver needs to give the application service *full control* over its
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namespace, both for users and for room aliases. This means that the AS should
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be able to create/edit/delete any room alias in its namespace, as well as
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create/delete any user in its namespace. No additional API changes need to be
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made in order for control of room aliases to be granted to the AS. Creation of
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users needs API changes in order to:
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- Work around captchas.
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- Have a 'passwordless' user.
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This involves bypassing the registration flows entirely. This is achieved by
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including the AS token on a ``/register`` request, along with a login type of
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``m.login.application_service`` to set the desired user ID without a password.
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::
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POST /_matrix/client/%CLIENT_MAJOR_VERSION%/register
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Authorization: Bearer YourApplicationServiceTokenHere
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Content:
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{
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type: "m.login.application_service",
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username: "_irc_example"
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}
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Application services which attempt to create users or aliases *outside* of
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their defined namespaces will receive an error code ``M_EXCLUSIVE``. Similarly,
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normal users who attempt to create users or aliases *inside* an application
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service-defined namespace will receive the same ``M_EXCLUSIVE`` error code,
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but only if the application service has defined the namespace as ``exclusive``.
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Using ``/sync`` and ``/events``
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+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
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Application services wishing to use ``/sync`` or ``/events`` from the Client-Server
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API MUST do so with a virtual user (provide a ``user_id`` via the query string). It
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is expected that the application service use the transactions pushed to it to
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handle events rather than syncing with the user implied by ``sender_localpart``.
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Application service room directories
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++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
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Application services can maintain their own room directories for their defined
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third party protocols. These room directories may be accessed by clients through
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additional parameters on the ``/publicRooms`` client-server endpoint.
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{{appservice_room_directory_cs_http_api}}
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Event fields
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~~~~~~~~~~~~
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.. TODO-TravisR: Fix this section to be a general "3rd party networks" section
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We recommend that any events that originated from a remote network should
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include an ``external_url`` field in their content to provide a way for Matrix
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clients to link into the 'native' client from which the event originated.
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For instance, this could contain the message-ID for emails/nntp posts, or a link
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to a blog comment when bridging blog comment traffic in & out of Matrix.
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