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ReStructuredText
.. Copyright 2016 OpenMarket Ltd
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.. Copyright 2019 The Matrix.org Foundation C.I.C.
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..
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.. Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
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.. you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
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.. You may obtain a copy of the License at
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..
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.. http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
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..
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.. Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
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.. distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
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.. WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
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.. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
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.. limitations under the License.
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Push Notifications
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==================
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.. _module:push:
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::
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+--------------------+ +-------------------+
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Matrix HTTP | | | |
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Notification Protocol | App Developer | | Device Vendor |
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| | | |
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+-------------------+ | +----------------+ | | +---------------+ |
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| | | | | | | | | |
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| Matrix homeserver +-----> Push Gateway +------> Push Provider | |
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| | | | | | | | | |
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+-^-----------------+ | +----------------+ | | +----+----------+ |
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| | | | | |
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Matrix | | | | | |
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Client/Server API + | | | | |
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| | +--------------------+ +-------------------+
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| +--+-+ |
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| | <-------------------------------------------+
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+---+ |
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| | Provider Push Protocol
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+----+
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Mobile Device or Client
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This module adds support for push notifications. Homeservers send notifications
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of events to user-configured HTTP endpoints. Users may also configure a
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number of rules that determine which events generate notifications. These are
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all stored and managed by the user's homeserver. This allows user-specific push
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settings to be reused between client applications.
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The above diagram shows the flow of push notifications being sent to a handset
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where push notifications are submitted via the handset vendor, such as Apple's
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APNS or Google's GCM. This happens as follows:
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1. The client app signs in to a homeserver.
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2. The client app registers with its vendor's Push Provider and
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obtains a routing token of some kind.
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3. The mobile app uses the Client/Server API to add a 'pusher', providing the
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URL of a specific Push Gateway which is configured for that
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application. It also provides the routing token it has acquired from the
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Push Provider.
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4. The homeserver starts sending HTTP requests to the Push Gateway using the
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supplied URL. The Push Gateway relays this notification to
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the Push Provider, passing the routing token along with any
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necessary private credentials the provider requires to send push
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notifications.
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5. The Push Provider sends the notification to the device.
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Definitions for terms used in this section are below:
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Push Provider
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A push provider is a service managed by the device vendor which can send
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notifications directly to the device. Google Cloud Messaging (GCM) and Apple
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Push Notification Service (APNS) are two examples of push providers.
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Push Gateway
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A push gateway is a server that receives HTTP event notifications from
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homeservers and passes them on to a different protocol such as APNS for iOS
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devices or GCM for Android devices. Clients inform the homeserver which
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Push Gateway to send notifications to when it sets up a Pusher.
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.. _def:pushers:
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Pusher
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A pusher is a worker on the homeserver that manages the sending
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of HTTP notifications for a user. A user can have multiple pushers: one per
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device.
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Push Rule
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A push rule is a single rule that states under what *conditions* an event should
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be passed onto a push gateway and *how* the notification should be presented.
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These rules are stored on the user's homeserver. They are manually configured
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by the user, who can create and view them via the Client/Server API.
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Push Ruleset
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A push ruleset *scopes a set of rules according to some criteria*. For example,
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some rules may only be applied for messages from a particular sender,
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a particular room, or by default. The push ruleset contains the entire set
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of scopes and rules.
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Client behaviour
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----------------
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Clients MUST configure a Pusher before they will receive push notifications.
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There is a single API endpoint for this, as described below.
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{{pusher_cs_http_api}}
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.. _pushers: `def:pushers`_
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Listing Notifications
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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A client can retrieve a list of events that it has been notified about. This
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may be useful so that users can see a summary of what important messages they
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have received.
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{{notifications_cs_http_api}}
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Receiving notifications
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Servers MUST include the number of unread notifications in a client's ``/sync``
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stream, and MUST update it as it changes. Notifications are determined by the
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push rules which apply to an event.
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When the user updates their read receipt (either by using the API or by sending an
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event), notifications prior to and including that event MUST be marked as read.
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Push Rules
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~~~~~~~~~~
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A push rule is a single rule that states under what *conditions* an event should
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be passed onto a push gateway and *how* the notification should be presented.
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There are different "kinds" of push rules and each rule has an associated
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priority. Every push rule MUST have a ``kind`` and ``rule_id``. The ``rule_id``
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is a unique string within the kind of rule and its' scope: ``rule_ids`` do not
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need to be unique between rules of the same kind on different devices. Rules may
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have extra keys depending on the value of ``kind``. The different kinds of rule
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in descending order of priority are:
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Override Rules ``override``
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The highest priority rules are user-configured overrides.
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Content-specific Rules ``content``
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These configure behaviour for (unencrypted) messages that match certain
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patterns. Content rules take one parameter: ``pattern``, that gives the glob
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pattern to match against. This is treated in the same way as ``pattern`` for
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``event_match``.
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Room-specific Rules ``room``
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These rules change the behaviour of all messages for a given room. The
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``rule_id`` of a room rule is always the ID of the room that it affects.
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Sender-specific rules ``sender``
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These rules configure notification behaviour for messages from a specific
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Matrix user ID. The ``rule_id`` of Sender rules is always the Matrix user
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ID of the user whose messages they'd apply to.
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Underride rules ``underride``
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These are identical to ``override`` rules, but have a lower priority than
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``content``, ``room`` and ``sender`` rules.
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This means that the full list of rule kinds, in descending priority order, is
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as follows:
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* Global Override
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* Global Content
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* Global Room
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* Global Sender
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* Global Underride
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Rules with the same ``kind`` can specify an ordering priority. This determines
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which rule is selected in the event of multiple matches. For example, a rule
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matching "tea" and a separate rule matching "time" would both match the sentence
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"It's time for tea". The ordering of the rules would then resolve the tiebreak
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to determine which rule is executed. Only ``actions`` for highest priority rule
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will be sent to the Push Gateway.
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Each rule can be enabled or disabled. Disabled rules never match. If no rules
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match an event, the homeserver MUST NOT notify the Push Gateway for that event.
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Homeservers MUST NOT notify the Push Gateway for events that the user has sent
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themselves.
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Actions
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+++++++
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All rules have an associated list of ``actions``. An action affects if and how a
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notification is delivered for a matching event. The following actions are defined:
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``notify``
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This causes each matching event to generate a notification.
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``dont_notify``
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This prevents each matching event from generating a notification
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``coalesce``
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This enables notifications for matching events but activates homeserver
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specific behaviour to intelligently coalesce multiple events into a single
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notification. Not all homeservers may support this. Those that do not support
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it should treat it as the ``notify`` action.
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``set_tweak``
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Sets an entry in the ``tweaks`` dictionary key that is sent in the notification
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request to the Push Gateway. This takes the form of a dictionary with a
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``set_tweak`` key whose value is the name of the tweak to set. It may also
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have a ``value`` key which is the value to which it should be set.
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Actions that have no parameters are represented as a string. Otherwise, they are
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represented as a dictionary with a key equal to their name and other keys as
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their parameters, e.g. ``{ "set_tweak": "sound", "value": "default" }``
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Tweaks
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^^^^^^
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The ``set_tweak`` action is used to add an entry to the 'tweaks' dictionary
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that is sent in the notification request to the Push Gateway. The following
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tweaks are defined:
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``sound``
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A string representing the sound to be played when this notification arrives.
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A value of ``default`` means to play a default sound. A device may choose to
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alert the user by some other means if appropriate, eg. vibration.
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``highlight``
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A boolean representing whether or not this message should be highlighted in
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the UI. This will normally take the form of presenting the message in a
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different colour and/or style. The UI might also be adjusted to draw
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particular attention to the room in which the event occurred. If a
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``highlight`` tweak is given with no value, its value is defined to be
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``true``. If no highlight tweak is given at all then the value of
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``highlight`` is defined to be false.
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Tweaks are passed transparently through the homeserver so client applications
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and Push Gateways may agree on additional tweaks. For example, a tweak may be
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added to specify how to flash the notification light on a mobile device.
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Predefined Rules
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++++++++++++++++
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Homeservers can specify "server-default rules" which operate at a lower priority
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than "user-defined rules". The ``rule_id`` for all server-default rules MUST
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start with a dot (".") to identify them as "server-default". The following
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server-default rules are specified:
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Default Override Rules
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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``.m.rule.master``
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``````````````````
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Matches all events, this can be enabled to turn off all push notifications
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other than those generated by override rules set by the user. By default this
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rule is disabled.
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Definition
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.. code:: json
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{
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"rule_id": ".m.rule.master",
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"default": true,
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"enabled": false,
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"conditions": [],
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"actions": [
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"dont_notify"
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]
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}
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``.m.rule.suppress_notices``
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````````````````````````````
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Matches messages with a ``msgtype`` of ``notice``. This should be an
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``override`` rule so that it takes priority over ``content`` / ``sender`` /
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``room`` rules.
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Definition:
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.. code:: json
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{
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"rule_id": ".m.rule.suppress_notices",
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"default": true,
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"enabled": true,
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"conditions": [
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{
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"kind": "event_match",
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"key": "content.msgtype",
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"pattern": "m.notice",
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}
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],
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"actions": [
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"dont_notify",
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]
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}
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``.m.rule.invite_for_me``
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`````````````````````````
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Matches any invites to a new room for this user.
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Definition:
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.. code:: json
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{
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"rule_id": ".m.rule.invite_for_me",
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"default": true,
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"enabled": true,
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"conditions": [
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{
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"key": "type",
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"kind": "event_match",
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"pattern": "m.room.member"
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},
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{
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"key": "content.membership",
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"kind": "event_match",
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"pattern": "invite"
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},
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{
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"key": "state_key",
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"kind": "event_match",
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"pattern": "[the user's Matrix ID]"
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}
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],
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"actions": [
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"notify",
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{
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"set_tweak": "sound",
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"value": "default"
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},
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{
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"set_tweak": "highlight",
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"value": false
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}
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]
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}
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``.m.rule.member_event``
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````````````````````````
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Matches any ``m.room.member_event``.
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Definition:
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.. code:: json
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{
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"rule_id": ".m.rule.member_event",
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"default": true,
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"enabled": true,
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"conditions": [
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{
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"key": "type",
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"kind": "event_match",
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"pattern": "m.room.member"
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}
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],
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"actions": [
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"dont_notify"
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]
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}
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``.m.rule.contains_display_name``
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`````````````````````````````````
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Matches any message whose content is unencrypted and contains the user's
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current display name in the room in which it was sent.
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Definition:
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.. code:: json
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{
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"rule_id": ".m.rule.contains_display_name",
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"default": true,
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"enabled": true,
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"conditions": [
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{
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"kind": "contains_display_name"
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}
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],
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"actions": [
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"notify",
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{
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"set_tweak": "sound",
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"value": "default"
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},
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{
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"set_tweak": "highlight"
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}
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]
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}
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``.m.rule.tombstone``
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`````````````````````
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Matches any event whose type is ``m.room.tombstone``. This is intended
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to notify users of a room when it is upgraded, similar to what an
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``@room`` notification would accomplish.
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Definition:
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.. code:: json
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{
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"rule_id": ".m.rule.tombstone",
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"default": true,
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"enabled": true,
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"conditions": [
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{
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"kind": "event_match",
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"key": "type",
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"pattern": "m.room.tombstone"
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}
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],
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"actions": [
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"notify",
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{
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"set_tweak": "highlight",
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"value": true
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}
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]
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}
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``.m.rule.roomnotif``
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`````````````````````
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Matches any message whose content is unencrypted and contains the
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text ``@room``, signifying the whole room should be notified of
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the event.
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Definition:
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.. code:: json
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{
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"rule_id": ".m.rule.roomnotif",
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"default": true,
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"enabled": true,
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"conditions": [
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{
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"kind": "event_match",
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"key": "content.body",
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"pattern": "@room"
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},
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{
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"kind": "sender_notification_permission",
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"key": "room"
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}
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],
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"actions": [
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"notify",
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{
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"set_tweak": "highlight",
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"value": true
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}
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]
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}
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Default Content Rules
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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``.m.rule.contains_user_name``
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``````````````````````````````
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Matches any message whose content is unencrypted and contains the local part
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of the user's Matrix ID, separated by word boundaries.
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Definition (as a ``content`` rule):
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.. code:: json
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{
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"rule_id": ".m.rule.contains_user_name",
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"default": true,
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"enabled": true,
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"pattern": "[the local part of the user's Matrix ID]",
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"actions": [
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"notify",
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{
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"set_tweak": "sound",
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"value": "default"
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}
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]
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}
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Default Underride Rules
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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``.m.rule.call``
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````````````````
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Matches any incoming VOIP call.
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Definition:
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.. code:: json
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{
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"rule_id": ".m.rule.call",
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"default": true,
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"enabled": true,
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"conditions": [
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{
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"key": "type",
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"kind": "event_match",
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"pattern": "m.call.invite"
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}
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],
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"actions": [
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"notify",
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{
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"set_tweak": "sound",
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"value": "ring"
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},
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{
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"set_tweak": "highlight",
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"value": false
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}
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]
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}
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``.m.rule.encrypted_room_one_to_one``
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`````````````````````````````````````
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Matches any encrypted event sent in a room with exactly two members.
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Unlike other push rules, this rule cannot be matched against the content
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of the event by nature of it being encrypted. This causes the rule to
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be an "all or nothing" match where it either matches *all* events that
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are encrypted (in 1:1 rooms) or none.
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Definition:
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.. code:: json
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{
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"rule_id": ".m.rule.encrypted_room_one_to_one",
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"default": true,
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"enabled": true,
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"conditions": [
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{
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"kind": "room_member_count",
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"is": "2"
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},
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{
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"kind": "event_match",
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"key": "type",
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"pattern": "m.room.encrypted"
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}
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],
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"actions": [
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"notify",
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{
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"set_tweak": "sound",
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"value": "default"
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},
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{
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"set_tweak": "highlight",
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"value": false
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}
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]
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}
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``.m.rule.room_one_to_one``
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```````````````````````````
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Matches any message sent in a room with exactly two members.
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Definition:
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.. code:: json
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{
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"rule_id": ".m.rule.room_one_to_one",
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"default": true,
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"enabled": true,
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"conditions": [
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{
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"kind": "room_member_count",
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"is": "2"
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}
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],
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"actions": [
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"notify",
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{
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"set_tweak": "sound",
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"value": "default"
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},
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{
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"set_tweak": "highlight",
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"value": false
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}
|
|
]
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
``.m.rule.message``
|
|
```````````````````
|
|
Matches all chat messages.
|
|
|
|
Definition:
|
|
|
|
.. code:: json
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
"rule_id": ".m.rule.message",
|
|
"default": true,
|
|
"enabled": true,
|
|
"conditions": [
|
|
{
|
|
"kind": "event_match",
|
|
"key": "type",
|
|
"pattern": "m.room.message"
|
|
}
|
|
],
|
|
"actions": [
|
|
"notify",
|
|
{
|
|
"set_tweak": "highlight",
|
|
"value": false
|
|
}
|
|
]
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
``.m.rule.encrypted``
|
|
`````````````````````
|
|
Matches all encrypted events. Unlike other push rules, this rule cannot
|
|
be matched against the content of the event by nature of it being encrypted.
|
|
This causes the rule to be an "all or nothing" match where it either
|
|
matches *all* events that are encrypted (in group rooms) or none.
|
|
|
|
Definition:
|
|
|
|
.. code:: json
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
"rule_id": ".m.rule.encrypted",
|
|
"default": true,
|
|
"enabled": true,
|
|
"conditions": [
|
|
{
|
|
"kind": "event_match",
|
|
"key": "type",
|
|
"pattern": "m.room.encrypted"
|
|
}
|
|
],
|
|
"actions": [
|
|
"notify",
|
|
{
|
|
"set_tweak": "highlight",
|
|
"value": false
|
|
}
|
|
]
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
Conditions
|
|
++++++++++
|
|
|
|
Override, Underride and Default Rules MAY have a list of 'conditions'.
|
|
All conditions must hold true for an event in order to apply the ``action`` for
|
|
the event. A rule with no conditions always matches. Room, Sender, User and
|
|
Content rules do not have conditions in the same way, but instead have
|
|
predefined conditions. These conditions can be configured using the parameters
|
|
outlined below. In the cases of room and sender rules, the ``rule_id`` of the
|
|
rule determines its behaviour. The following conditions are defined:
|
|
|
|
``event_match``
|
|
This is a glob pattern match on a field of the event. Parameters:
|
|
|
|
* ``key``: The dot-separated field of the event to match, e.g. ``content.body``
|
|
* ``pattern``: The glob-style pattern to match against. Patterns with no
|
|
special glob characters should be treated as having asterisks
|
|
prepended and appended when testing the condition.
|
|
|
|
``contains_display_name``
|
|
This matches unencrypted messages where ``content.body`` contains the owner's
|
|
display name in that room. This is a separate rule because display names may
|
|
change and as such it would be hard to maintain a rule that matched the user's
|
|
display name. This condition has no parameters.
|
|
|
|
``room_member_count``
|
|
This matches the current number of members in the room. Parameters:
|
|
|
|
* ``is``: A decimal integer optionally prefixed by one of, ``==``, ``<``,
|
|
``>``, ``>=`` or ``<=``. A prefix of ``<`` matches rooms where the member
|
|
count is strictly less than the given number and so forth. If no prefix is
|
|
present, this parameter defaults to ``==``.
|
|
|
|
``sender_notification_permission``
|
|
This takes into account the current power levels in the room, ensuring the
|
|
sender of the event has high enough power to trigger the notification.
|
|
|
|
Parameters:
|
|
|
|
* ``key``: A string that determines the power level the sender must have to trigger
|
|
notifications of a given type, such as ``room``. Refer to the `m.room.power_levels`_
|
|
event schema for information about what the defaults are and how to interpret the event.
|
|
The ``key`` is used to look up the power level required to send a notification type
|
|
from the ``notifications`` object in the power level event content.
|
|
|
|
Unrecognised conditions MUST NOT match any events, effectively making the push
|
|
rule disabled.
|
|
|
|
Push Rules: API
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
Clients can retrieve, add, modify and remove push rules globally or per-device
|
|
using the APIs below.
|
|
|
|
{{pushrules_cs_http_api}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
Push Rules: Events
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
When a user changes their push rules a ``m.push_rules`` event is sent to all
|
|
clients in the ``account_data`` section of their next ``/sync`` request. The
|
|
content of the event is the current push rules for the user.
|
|
|
|
{{m_push_rules_event}}
|
|
|
|
Examples
|
|
++++++++
|
|
|
|
To create a rule that suppresses notifications for the room with ID
|
|
``!dj234r78wl45Gh4D:matrix.org``::
|
|
|
|
curl -X PUT -H "Content-Type: application/json" "https://example.com/_matrix/client/%CLIENT_MAJOR_VERSION%/pushrules/global/room/%21dj234r78wl45Gh4D%3Amatrix.org?access_token=123456" -d \
|
|
'{
|
|
"actions" : ["dont_notify"]
|
|
}'
|
|
|
|
To suppress notifications for the user ``@spambot:matrix.org``::
|
|
|
|
curl -X PUT -H "Content-Type: application/json" "https://example.com/_matrix/client/%CLIENT_MAJOR_VERSION%/pushrules/global/sender/%40spambot%3Amatrix.org?access_token=123456" -d \
|
|
'{
|
|
"actions" : ["dont_notify"]
|
|
}'
|
|
|
|
To always notify for messages that contain the work 'cake' and set a specific
|
|
sound (with a rule_id of ``SSByZWFsbHkgbGlrZSBjYWtl``)::
|
|
|
|
curl -X PUT -H "Content-Type: application/json" "https://example.com/_matrix/client/%CLIENT_MAJOR_VERSION%/pushrules/global/content/SSByZWFsbHkgbGlrZSBjYWtl?access_token=123456" -d \
|
|
'{
|
|
"pattern": "cake",
|
|
"actions" : ["notify", {"set_sound":"cakealarm.wav"}]
|
|
}'
|
|
|
|
To add a rule suppressing notifications for messages starting with 'cake' but
|
|
ending with 'lie', superseding the previous rule::
|
|
|
|
curl -X PUT -H "Content-Type: application/json" "https://example.com/_matrix/client/%CLIENT_MAJOR_VERSION%/pushrules/global/content/U3BvbmdlIGNha2UgaXMgYmVzdA?access_token=123456&before=SSByZWFsbHkgbGlrZSBjYWtl" -d \
|
|
'{
|
|
"pattern": "cake*lie",
|
|
"actions" : ["notify"]
|
|
}'
|
|
|
|
To add a custom sound for notifications messages containing the word 'beer' in
|
|
any rooms with 10 members or fewer (with greater importance than the room,
|
|
sender and content rules)::
|
|
|
|
curl -X PUT -H "Content-Type: application/json" "https://example.com/_matrix/client/%CLIENT_MAJOR_VERSION%/pushrules/global/override/U2VlIHlvdSBpbiBUaGUgRHVrZQ?access_token=123456" -d \
|
|
'{
|
|
"conditions": [
|
|
{"kind": "event_match", "key": "content.body", "pattern": "beer" },
|
|
{"kind": "room_member_count", "is": "<=10"}
|
|
],
|
|
"actions" : [
|
|
"notify",
|
|
{"set_sound":"beeroclock.wav"}
|
|
]
|
|
}'
|
|
|
|
Server behaviour
|
|
----------------
|
|
|
|
Push Gateway behaviour
|
|
----------------------
|
|
|
|
Recommendations for APNS
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
The exact format for sending APNS notifications is flexible and up to the
|
|
client app and its' push gateway to agree on. As APNS requires that the sender
|
|
has a private key owned by the app developer, each app must have its own push
|
|
gateway. It is recommended that:
|
|
|
|
* The APNS token be base64 encoded and used as the pushkey.
|
|
* A different app_id be used for apps on the production and sandbox
|
|
APS environments.
|
|
* APNS push gateways do not attempt to wait for errors from the APNS
|
|
gateway before returning and instead to store failures and return
|
|
'rejected' responses next time that pushkey is used.
|
|
|
|
Security considerations
|
|
-----------------------
|
|
|
|
Clients specify the Push Gateway URL to use to send event notifications to. This
|
|
URL should be over HTTPS and *never* over HTTP.
|
|
|
|
As push notifications will pass through a Push Provider, message content
|
|
shouldn't be sent in the push itself where possible. Instead, Push Gateways
|
|
should send a "sync" command to instruct the client to get new events from the
|
|
homeserver directly.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. _`Push Gateway Specification`: ../push_gateway/%PUSH_GATEWAY_RELEASE_LABEL%.html
|