# MSC2285: Private read receipts

Currently users must send read receipts in order to affect their notification
counts, which alerts other people that the user has read their message. For
primarily privacy reasons, it may be desirable to users to not advertise to
others that they've read a message.

## Proposal

This MSC proposes adding a new `receiptType` (see [the receipts
spec](https://spec.matrix.org/v1.3/client-server-api/#receipts)) of
`m.read.private`. This `receiptType` is used when the user wants to affect their
notification count but doesn't want other users to see their read receipt.

To move the user's private read receipt to `$123` the client can make a POST
request to the [`/receipt`
endpoint](https://spec.matrix.org/v1.3/client-server-api/#post_matrixclientv3roomsroomidreceiptreceipttypeeventid).
For example:

```HTTP
POST /_matrix/client/v3/rooms/!a:example.org/receipt/m.read.private/$123
{}
```

The MSC also proposes adding `m.fully_read` and `m.read.private` as a possible
`receiptType` for `/receipt` to make this endpoint consistent with
`/read_markers`. (we have two endpoints that do essentially the same thing, so
it would make sense for them to be consistent)

Alternatively, the client can move the user's `m.fully_read` marker and/or
`m.read` receipt at the same time as `m.read.private` by making a POST request
to the [`/read_markers`
endpoint](https://spec.matrix.org/v1.3/client-server-api/#post_matrixclientv3roomsroomidread_markers).
For example:

```HTTP
POST /_matrix/client/r0/rooms/!a:example.org/read_markers
{
    "m.fully_read": "$123",
    "m.read": "$123",
    "m.read.private": "$123"
}
```

Both `m.read` and `m.read.private` clear notifications in the same way. If the
user sent two receipts into a room, the later one should be the one that decides
the notification count.

The receipt that is more "ahead" of the other takes precedence when considering
notifications and a client's rendering of read receipts. This means that given
an ordered set of events A, B, C, and D the public read receipt could be at
point C, private at point A. If the user moves the private receipt from A to B
then the user's notification count is still considered from point C as the public
receipt is further ahead, still. Other users would also see the user's public read
receipt as not having moved. The user can then move the private read receipt
to point D, hopping over the public receipt, to change their notification count.

For clarity, if the public receipt is "fast forwarded" to be at the same position
as the private receipt then the public receipt is broadcast to other users, even
if previously considered private.

Note that like regular read receipts today, neither receipt can cause a backwards
movement: both receipts can only move forwards, but do not have to be ahead of
each other. It's valid to, for example, update a public read receipt which lags
20 messages behind the private one.

The `m.fully_read` property is now optional for the [`/read_markers`
endpoint](https://spec.matrix.org/v1.3/client-server-api/#post_matrixclientv3roomsroomidread_markers)
as sometimes we only want to send `m.read.private`.

The MSC proposes that from now on, not all things sent over `/receipt` are
federated. Servers MUST NOT send receipts of `receiptType` `m.read.private` to
any other user than the sender. Servers also MUST NOT send receipts of
`receiptType` `m.read.private` to any server over federation.

As implied by adding a new `receiptType`, `m.read.private` receipts are echoed
back to clients through [`m.receipt`](https://spec.matrix.org/v1.3/client-server-api/#mreceipt).
The structure is the same as `m.read`. For example:

```json
{
    "type": "m.receipt",
    "content": {
        "$event": {
            "m.read": {
                "@public_user:example.org": {
                    "ts": 1661385089714
                }
            },
            "m.read.private": {
                "@self:example.org": {
                    "ts": 1661385103450
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
```

Due to the nature of private read receipts, the `m.read.private` map in `m.receipt`
should only ever have the user's own ID.

## Security considerations

Servers could act as if `m.read.private` is the same as `m.read` so the user
must already trust the homeserver to a degree however, and the methods of
notifying the user to the problem are difficult to implement. Users can always
run their own homeservers to ensure it behaves correctly.

## Potential issues

Clients which support read receipts would end up rendering the user's receipt as
jumping down when they send a message. This is no different from how IRC and
similarly bridged users are perceived today.

## Alternatives

It has been suggested to use account data to store the setting that controls
whether read receipts should be private on a per-account/per-room basis. While
this might have some benefits, it is much less flexible.

Previous iterations of this MSC additionally suggested that having an `m.hidden`
flag on existing read receipts could work, however this feels like assigning too
much responsibility to an existing structure.

## Unstable prefix

While this MSC is not considered stable, implementations should use
`org.matrix.msc2285` as a namespace.

|Stable (post-FCP)|Unstable                         |
|-----------------|---------------------------------|
|`m.read.private` |`org.matrix.msc2285.read.private`|

Clients should check for server support before sending private read receipts:
if the server does not support them, then a private read receipt will not clear
any notifications for the user.

The presence of `org.matrix.msc2285` or `org.matrix.msc2285.stable` in
`unstable_features` is a reliable indication that a server supports private read
receipts; however the converse is not true: their absence does not necessarily
mean that the server does *not* support private read receipts. In particular,
the server may have been updated to a future spec version which includes
private read receipts, and hence removed the `unstable_features` entry.

Therefore, if a client has this feature enabled, but the server does not advertise
support for this MSC in `unstable_features`, the client should either keep sending
private read receipts with the risk that notifications will not be clearing, or it
should warn the user and start sending public read receipts instead.

To mitigate this problem, once this MSC gets merged and once it becomes a part of a
spec version, clients should update their implementations as fast as possible to
accommodate the fact that the way of detecting server support will change: clients
will now be looking for that spec version in `/versions`.

### While the MSC is unstable

During this period, to detect server support clients should check for the
presence of the `org.matrix.msc2285` flag in `unstable_features` on `/versions`.
Clients are also required to use the unstable prefixes (see [unstable
prefix](#unstable-prefix)) during this time.

### Once the MSC is merged but not in a spec version

Once this MSC is merged, but is not yet part of the spec, clients should rely on
the presence of the `org.matrix.msc2285.stable` flag in `unstable_features` to
determine server support. If the flag is present, clients are required to use
stable prefixes (see [unstable prefix](#unstable-prefix)).

### Once the MSC is in a spec version

Once this MSC becomes a part of a spec version, clients should rely on the
presence of the spec version, that supports the MSC, in `versions` on
`/versions`, to determine support. Servers are encouraged to keep the
`org.matrix.msc2285.stable` flag around for a reasonable amount of time
to help smooth over the transition for clients. "Reasonable" is intentionally
left as an implementation detail, however the MSC process currently recommends
*at most* 2 months from the date of spec release.