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+# Markup locations for PDF documents
+
+[MSC3574](https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-spec-proposals/pull/3574)
+proposes a mechanism for marking up resources (webpages, documents, videos, and
+other files) using Matrix. The proposed mechanism requires an
+`m.markup.location` schema for representing the location of annotations within
+different kinds of resources. MSC3574 punts on what standard location types
+might be available, deferring that large family of questions to other MSCs.
+This MSC aims to provide two basic location types for marking up PDFs.
+
+## Proposal
+
+Markup locations for PDFs should approximately follow the format of embedded
+annotations provided in the PDF standard, for more straightforward integration
+with PDF rendering and editing libraries that clients may wish to make use of. 
+
+The PDF standard includes many different kinds of annotations: 19 in PDF 1.4 
+(see [p499 here](https://www.adobe.com/content/dam/acom/en/devnet/pdf/pdfs/pdf_reference_archives/PDFReference.pdf)) 
+and 26 in PDF 1.7, (see [p390 here](https://www.adobe.com/content/dam/acom/en/devnet/pdf/pdfs/PDF32000_2008.pdf)).
+This proposal introduces events for two of these kinds of annotations: *Text 
+Annotations*, which represent "sticky notes" at a certain point in the text, 
+and *Highlights*,which represent a certain range of text that should be highlighted.
+
+PDF annotations all accept a very large set of different attributes. Of
+these, only two are mandatory: `Subtype` and `Rect`, where `Subtype` gives the
+annotation type, and `Rect` gives the position of the annotation on the PDF
+page as a rectangle represented by an array of the form
+
+    [lower-left-x, lower-left-y, upper-right-x, upper-right-y]
+
+where each item is a number of "user space units" (72ths of an inch) from the
+bottom left corner of the page, sometimes called *points*.
+
+This MSC does not propose to include any of the optional attributes. The
+`Subtype` attribute will be indicated by a key of the `m.markup.location`
+object. So only `Rect`, and the attributes specific to each annotation type,
+need to be provided for.
+
+Within a PDF, an annotation occurs as part of the content stream associated 
+with a particular page, so the page number doesn't need to be represented as
+an attribute of the annotation. Since this information is not automatically 
+available in the Matrix context, `m.markup` locations for PDFs will also 
+require a *page index* field. The page index is a non-negative integer, and 
+is distinct from a *page label*, which is a string (for example "iv" within 
+the front matter of a book).
+
+### Text Annotations
+
+Text annotations will be represented within an `m.markup.location` as follows:
+
+```
+"m.markup.location": {
+    "m.markup.pdf.text": {
+        "rect": {"left": ..., "right": ..., "top": ..., "bottom": ...}
+        "contents": ...
+        "page_index": ...
+    }
+    ..
+}
+```
+
+The `contents` is a string indicating text for the text annotation. Precisely
+how to set it will be left as an implementation detail for clients.
+
+Optionally, `m.markup.pdf.text` may also contain a `name` value, which should
+be a string that names an icon to be used in displaying the annotation.
+Standardly recognized values are: "Comment", "Key", "Note", "Help",
+"NewParagraph", "Paragraph" and "Insert".
+
+### Highlight Annotations
+
+Highlight Annotations will be represented within an `m.markup.location` as
+follows:
+
+```
+"m.markup.location": {
+    "m.markup.pdf.highlight": {
+        "rect": {"left": ..., "right": ..., "top": ..., "bottom": ...}
+        "contents": ...,
+        "quad_points": [...],
+        "page_index": ...
+    }
+    ..
+}
+```
+
+The `contents` are as above. `quad_points` is an array of arrays of the form:
+
+    [x_1,y_1,x_2,y_2,x_3,y_3,x_4,y_4]
+
+each of which represents the vertices (in counterclockwise order) of an
+oriented quadrilateral region of the PDF page. Each quadrilateral is meant to
+encompass a word or group of contiguous words in the highlighted text.
+
+Optionally, the `m.markup.pdf.highlight` may also include a `text_content` value,
+which should be a string containing the highlighted text. The `text_content`
+value is not part of the PDF standard, but is included as a convenience for
+clients.
+
+## Alternatives
+
+Rather than accepting this MSC, we could wait for a more comprehensive MSC that
+tries to comprehensively specify a complete set of location types on PDFs.
+However, it seems best to work iteratively, and start with the pdf location
+types that can most easily be implemented, rather than waiting until something
+truly comprehensive can be implemented.
+
+Rather than using userspace units, we could use some more fine-grained
+coordinate system, for example milli-units. The PDF standard lets units
+take on "real number values" so precision greater than one unit is possible.
+But since we can't have float values in matrix events, we can't capture this
+greater precision on the present proposal. However, this would probably create
+confusion, and precision greater than 1/72th of an inch is probably excessive.
+
+## Security considerations
+
+Because room state is unencrypted, `m.space.child` events conveying locations
+via `m.markup.location.highlight` could leak information about an encrypted
+resource text through the `text_contents` field, or about the annotation itself
+through the `contents` field. This is part of a more general problem with state
+events potentially leaking information, and deserves a general resolution, a la
+[MSC3414](https://github.com/matrix-org/matrix-spec-proposals/pull/3414)
+
+## Unstable prefix
+
+| Proposed Final Identifier | Purpose                                                    | Development Identifier                        |
+| ------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------- |
+| `m.markup.pdf.text`       | key in `m.markup.location`                                 | `com.open-tower.msc3592.markup.pdf.text`      |
+| `m.markup.pdf.highlight`  | key in `m.markup.location`                                 | `com.open-tower.msc3592.markup.pdf.highlight` |