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+# MSC4059: Mutable event content
+
+[Edits](https://spec.matrix.org/v1.8/client-server-api/#event-replacements) are
+used to "replace" an event's contents, and are structured as events themselves.
+This can, in some circumstances, cause excessive event traffic which slows down
+scrollback.
+
+This proposal introduces a complimentary feature to edits which allows events to
+be partially changed in-place. By editing events in-place, there is no edit
+history for clients to use - this can make the feature unhelpful in many cases.
+
+## Proposal
+
+**TODO**: Detail.
+
+Events must self-declare as mutable by *not* providing a content hash over
+federation. Events *with* a content hash are considered immutable because the
+hash is covered by both the reference hash (event ID) and signatures.
+
+Mutable events can only change change details which don't affect their reference
+hash. For example, the `membership` field of `m.room.member` *cannot* be mutated
+because it is part of the redaction algorithm, which then feeds into both the
+event's signatures and reference hash. Fields like `displayname` would be
+mutable, however.
+
+A mutation is signed by the sender to help ensure it's not forged by a server.
+**TODO**: Involve cross-signing in here?
+
+Mutations are advertised over federation using EDUs (**TODO**: EDU definition),
+indicating to other servers that they need to either re-fetch or apply the
+contained change to their copy of the event. Only mutations sent by the original
+event sender are permitted/legal - all others are ignored.
+
+For example, if given an "original event" as follows:
+
+```jsonc
+{
+  "type": "m.room.member",
+  "state_key": "@alice:example.org",
+  "sender": "@alice:example.org",
+  "content": {
+    "membership": "join",
+    "displayname": "Alice",
+    "avatar_url": "mxc://example.org/abc123"
+  },
+  "origin_server_ts": 1234567890,
+  "signatures": {
+    "example.org": {
+      "ed25519:abcd": "<unpadded base64 PDU signature>"
+    }
+  },
+  "auth_events": [/* ... */],
+  "prev_events": [/* ... */]
+  // note lack of `hashes`, indicating mutability
+}
+```
+
+A mutation EDU might be sent out as such:
+
+```jsonc
+{
+  "event_id": "$event",
+  "mutation": {
+    "displayname": "Alice LastNameHere", // we're changing `content.displayname`
+    // note lack of `avatar_url` - we're "removing" it
+  },
+  "signatures": {
+    "@alice:example.org": {
+      // TODO: Which device(s) sign this?
+      "ed25519:DEVICEID": "<unpadded base64 signature for `mutation`>"
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+The server then applies that over top of the redactable fields in `content`,
+including the sender's signatures for clients to verify (if they want to):
+
+```jsonc
+{
+  "type": "m.room.member",
+  "state_key": "@alice:example.org",
+  "sender": "@alice:example.org",
+  "content": {
+    "membership": "join",
+    "displayname": "Alice LastNameHere",
+    "signatures": {
+      "@alice:example.org": {
+        "ed25519:DEVICEID": "<unpadded base64 signature for `mutation`>"
+      }
+    }
+  },
+  "origin_server_ts": 1234567890,
+  "signatures": {
+    "example.org": {
+      "ed25519:abcd": "<unpadded base64 PDU signature>"
+    }
+  },
+  "auth_events": [/* ... */],
+  "prev_events": [/* ... */]
+  // note lack of `hashes`, indicating mutability
+}
+```
+
+## Potential issues
+
+**TODO**: Detail.
+
+It's unclear as a server or client if you have the "latest" copy of an event.
+This makes the feature useful only when loss is tolerable. A server can always
+try to ask the origin for the latest copy of mutable events, but that server
+might not be online anymore. Other participating servers might not have the
+latest copy either.
+
+## Alternatives
+
+**TODO**: Detail.
+
+Just send edits, or regular state updates!?
+
+## Security considerations
+
+**TODO**: Detail.
+
+## Unstable prefix
+
+As of writing, it is not intended that implementation begin. Therefore, an
+unstable prefix is deliberately not declared.
+
+## Dependencies
+
+No direct dependencies.