The Inventory File, Patterns, and Groups

How to define and select hosts you wish to manage

Inventory File Format

Ansible works against multiple systems in your infrastructure at the same time. It does this by selecting portions of systems listed in Ansible’s inventory file, which defaults to /etc/ansible/hosts, and looks like this:

mail.example.com

[webservers]
foo.example.com
bar.example.com

[dbservers]
one.example.com
two.example.com
three.example.com

The things in brackets are group names, you don’t have to have them, but they are useful.

Selecting Targets

These patterns target all hosts in the inventory file:

all
*

Basically ‘all’ is an alias for ‘*’. It is also possible to address a specific host or hosts:

one.example.com
one.example.com:two.example.com
192.168.1.50
192.168.1.*

The following patterns address one or more groups, which are denoted with the aforementioned bracket headers in the inventory file:

webservers
webservers:dbservers

Individual host names (or IPs), but not groups, can also be referenced using wildcards:

*.example.com
*.com

It’s also ok to mix wildcard patterns and groups at the same time:

one*.com:dbservers

Note

It is not possible to target a host not in the inventory file. This is a safety feature.

Easy enough. Now see Command Line Examples and then Playbooks for how to do things to selected hosts.

See also

Command Line Examples
Examples of basic commands
Playbooks
Learning ansible’s configuration management language