diff --git a/cloud/rackspace/rax.py b/cloud/rackspace/rax.py
index cb1edbab31c..64105d32ed0 100644
--- a/cloud/rackspace/rax.py
+++ b/cloud/rackspace/rax.py
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ def create(module, names=[], flavor=None, image=None, meta={}, key_name=None,
             f = open(user_data)
             user_data = f.read()
             f.close()
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             module.fail_json(msg='Failed to load %s' % user_data)
 
     # Handle the file contents
@@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ def create(module, names=[], flavor=None, image=None, meta={}, key_name=None,
             fileobj = open(lpath, 'r')
             files[rpath] = fileobj.read()
             fileobj.close()
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             module.fail_json(msg='Failed to load %s' % lpath)
     try:
         servers = []
@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ def create(module, names=[], flavor=None, image=None, meta={}, key_name=None,
                                              userdata=user_data,
                                              block_device_mapping_v2=bdmv2,
                                              **extra_create_args))
-    except Exception, e:
+    except Exception as e:
         if e.message:
             msg = str(e.message)
         else:
@@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ def delete(module, instance_ids=[], wait=True, wait_timeout=300, kept=[]):
     for server in servers:
         try:
             server.delete()
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             module.fail_json(msg=e.message)
         else:
             changed = True
@@ -546,7 +546,7 @@ def cloudservers(module, state=None, name=None, flavor=None, image=None,
                 # %d to the end
                 try:
                     name % 0
-                except TypeError, e:
+                except TypeError as e:
                     if e.message.startswith('not all'):
                         name = '%s%%d' % name
                     else:
@@ -636,7 +636,7 @@ def cloudservers(module, state=None, name=None, flavor=None, image=None,
                     # %d to the end
                     try:
                         name % 0
-                    except TypeError, e:
+                    except TypeError as e:
                         if e.message.startswith('not all'):
                             name = '%s%%d' % name
                         else:
diff --git a/cloud/rackspace/rax_cbs.py b/cloud/rackspace/rax_cbs.py
index ac4e8de424f..c54ee580886 100644
--- a/cloud/rackspace/rax_cbs.py
+++ b/cloud/rackspace/rax_cbs.py
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ def cloud_block_storage(module, state, name, description, meta, size,
                                     metadata=meta,
                                     snapshot_id=snapshot_id, **kwargs)
                 changed = True
-            except Exception, e:
+            except Exception as e:
                 module.fail_json(msg='%s' % e.message)
             else:
                 if wait:
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ def cloud_block_storage(module, state, name, description, meta, size,
             try:
                 volume.delete()
                 changed = True
-            except Exception, e:
+            except Exception as e:
                 module.fail_json(msg='%s' % e.message)
 
     module.exit_json(changed=changed, volume=instance)
diff --git a/cloud/rackspace/rax_cbs_attachments.py b/cloud/rackspace/rax_cbs_attachments.py
index d762b797457..3b014d465fc 100644
--- a/cloud/rackspace/rax_cbs_attachments.py
+++ b/cloud/rackspace/rax_cbs_attachments.py
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ def cloud_block_storage_attachments(module, state, volume, server, device,
             try:
                 volume.attach_to_instance(server, mountpoint=device)
                 changed = True
-            except Exception, e:
+            except Exception as e:
                 module.fail_json(msg='%s' % e.message)
 
             volume.get()
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ def cloud_block_storage_attachments(module, state, volume, server, device,
                                            interval=3, attempts=0,
                                            verbose=False)
                 changed = True
-            except Exception, e:
+            except Exception as e:
                 module.fail_json(msg='%s' % e.message)
 
             volume.get()
diff --git a/cloud/rackspace/rax_cdb.py b/cloud/rackspace/rax_cdb.py
index f4a1c4d27c9..ec659222e88 100644
--- a/cloud/rackspace/rax_cdb.py
+++ b/cloud/rackspace/rax_cdb.py
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ def save_instance(module, name, flavor, volume, cdb_type, cdb_version, wait,
         try:
             instance = cdb.create(name=name, flavor=flavor, volume=volume,
                                   type=cdb_type, version=cdb_version)
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             module.fail_json(msg='%s' % e.message)
         else:
             changed = True
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ def delete_instance(module, name, wait, wait_timeout):
 
     try:
         instance.delete()
-    except Exception, e:
+    except Exception as e:
         module.fail_json(msg='%s' % e.message)
     else:
         changed = True
diff --git a/cloud/rackspace/rax_cdb_database.py b/cloud/rackspace/rax_cdb_database.py
index bfd5dbbf128..45d0f24722d 100644
--- a/cloud/rackspace/rax_cdb_database.py
+++ b/cloud/rackspace/rax_cdb_database.py
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ def save_database(module, cdb_id, name, character_set, collate):
 
     try:
         instance = cdb.get(cdb_id)
-    except Exception, e:
+    except Exception as e:
         module.fail_json(msg='%s' % e.message)
 
     changed = False
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ def save_database(module, cdb_id, name, character_set, collate):
             database = instance.create_database(name=name,
                                                 character_set=character_set,
                                                 collate=collate)
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             module.fail_json(msg='%s' % e.message)
         else:
             changed = True
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ def delete_database(module, cdb_id, name):
 
     try:
         instance = cdb.get(cdb_id)
-    except Exception, e:
+    except Exception as e:
         module.fail_json(msg='%s' % e.message)
 
     changed = False
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ def delete_database(module, cdb_id, name):
     if database:
         try:
             database.delete()
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             module.fail_json(msg='%s' % e.message)
         else:
             changed = True
diff --git a/cloud/rackspace/rax_cdb_user.py b/cloud/rackspace/rax_cdb_user.py
index e5169def8df..ff54365ea16 100644
--- a/cloud/rackspace/rax_cdb_user.py
+++ b/cloud/rackspace/rax_cdb_user.py
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ def save_user(module, cdb_id, name, password, databases, host):
 
     try:
         instance = cdb.get(cdb_id)
-    except Exception, e:
+    except Exception as e:
         module.fail_json(msg='%s' % e.message)
 
     changed = False
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ def save_user(module, cdb_id, name, password, databases, host):
                                         password=password,
                                         database_names=databases,
                                         host=host)
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             module.fail_json(msg='%s' % e.message)
         else:
             changed = True
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ def save_user(module, cdb_id, name, password, databases, host):
 
                 new_dbs = [db for db in databases if db not in former_dbs]
                 user.grant_user_access(db_names=new_dbs)
-            except Exception, e:
+            except Exception as e:
                 module.fail_json(msg='%s' % e.message)
             else:
                 changed = True
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ def delete_user(module, cdb_id, name):
 
     try:
         instance = cdb.get(cdb_id)
-    except Exception, e:
+    except Exception as e:
         module.fail_json(msg='%s' % e.message)
 
     changed = False
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ def delete_user(module, cdb_id, name):
     if user:
         try:
             user.delete()
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             module.fail_json(msg='%s' % e.message)
         else:
             changed = True
diff --git a/cloud/rackspace/rax_clb.py b/cloud/rackspace/rax_clb.py
index af46d82e0b4..f02d6488db0 100644
--- a/cloud/rackspace/rax_clb.py
+++ b/cloud/rackspace/rax_clb.py
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ def cloud_load_balancer(module, state, name, meta, algorithm, port, protocol,
                                       algorithm=algorithm, protocol=protocol,
                                       timeout=timeout, virtual_ips=virtual_ips)
                 changed = True
-            except Exception, e:
+            except Exception as e:
                 module.fail_json(msg='%s' % e.message)
         else:
             balancer = balancers[0]
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ def cloud_load_balancer(module, state, name, meta, algorithm, port, protocol,
             try:
                 balancer.delete()
                 changed = True
-            except Exception, e:
+            except Exception as e:
                 module.fail_json(msg='%s' % e.message)
 
             instance = rax_to_dict(balancer, 'clb')
diff --git a/cloud/rackspace/rax_clb_nodes.py b/cloud/rackspace/rax_clb_nodes.py
index d832f5f26eb..31bba7bf525 100644
--- a/cloud/rackspace/rax_clb_nodes.py
+++ b/cloud/rackspace/rax_clb_nodes.py
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ def main():
     if virtualenv:
         try:
             _activate_virtualenv(virtualenv)
-        except IOError, e:
+        except IOError as e:
             module.fail_json(msg='Failed to activate virtualenv %s (%s)' % (
                                  virtualenv, e))
 
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ def main():
 
     try:
         lb = pyrax.cloud_loadbalancers.get(load_balancer_id)
-    except pyrax.exc.PyraxException, e:
+    except pyrax.exc.PyraxException as e:
         module.fail_json(msg='%s' % e.message)
 
     node = _get_node(lb, node_id, address, port)
@@ -220,7 +220,7 @@ def main():
             result = {}
         except pyrax.exc.NotFound:
             module.exit_json(changed=False, state=state)
-        except pyrax.exc.PyraxException, e:
+        except pyrax.exc.PyraxException as e:
             module.fail_json(msg='%s' % e.message)
     else:  # present
         if not node:
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ def main():
                         weight=weight, type=typ)
                     resp, body = lb.add_nodes([node])
                     result.update(body['nodes'][0])
-                except pyrax.exc.PyraxException, e:
+                except pyrax.exc.PyraxException as e:
                     module.fail_json(msg='%s' % e.message)
         else:  # Updating an existing node
             mutable = {
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ def main():
                 # type; this should probably be fixed in pyrax
                 lb.update_node(node, diff=mutable)
                 result.update(mutable)
-            except pyrax.exc.PyraxException, e:
+            except pyrax.exc.PyraxException as e:
                 module.fail_json(msg='%s' % e.message)
 
     if wait:
diff --git a/cloud/rackspace/rax_dns.py b/cloud/rackspace/rax_dns.py
index cd9daf8d1a4..6024fea1271 100644
--- a/cloud/rackspace/rax_dns.py
+++ b/cloud/rackspace/rax_dns.py
@@ -89,14 +89,14 @@ def rax_dns(module, comment, email, name, state, ttl):
 
         try:
             domain = dns.find(name=name)
-        except pyrax.exceptions.NoUniqueMatch, e:
+        except pyrax.exceptions.NoUniqueMatch as e:
             module.fail_json(msg='%s' % e.message)
         except pyrax.exceptions.NotFound:
             try:
                 domain = dns.create(name=name, emailAddress=email, ttl=ttl,
                                     comment=comment)
                 changed = True
-            except Exception, e:
+            except Exception as e:
                 module.fail_json(msg='%s' % e.message)
 
         update = {}
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ def rax_dns(module, comment, email, name, state, ttl):
                 domain.update(**update)
                 changed = True
                 domain.get()
-            except Exception, e:
+            except Exception as e:
                 module.fail_json(msg='%s' % e.message)
 
     elif state == 'absent':
@@ -121,14 +121,14 @@ def rax_dns(module, comment, email, name, state, ttl):
         except pyrax.exceptions.NotFound:
             domain = {}
             pass
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             module.fail_json(msg='%s' % e.message)
 
         if domain:
             try:
                 domain.delete()
                 changed = True
-            except Exception, e:
+            except Exception as e:
                 module.fail_json(msg='%s' % e.message)
 
     module.exit_json(changed=changed, domain=rax_to_dict(domain))
diff --git a/cloud/rackspace/rax_dns_record.py b/cloud/rackspace/rax_dns_record.py
index eb989e73cad..c5227174ac3 100644
--- a/cloud/rackspace/rax_dns_record.py
+++ b/cloud/rackspace/rax_dns_record.py
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ def rax_dns_record_ptr(module, data=None, comment=None, loadbalancer=None,
                     try:
                         dns.update_ptr_record(item, record, name, data, ttl)
                         changed = True
-                    except Exception, e:
+                    except Exception as e:
                         module.fail_json(msg='%s' % e.message)
                     record.ttl = ttl
                     record.name = name
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ def rax_dns_record_ptr(module, data=None, comment=None, loadbalancer=None,
             try:
                 results = dns.add_ptr_records(item, [record])
                 changed = True
-            except Exception, e:
+            except Exception as e:
                 module.fail_json(msg='%s' % e.message)
 
         module.exit_json(changed=changed, records=results)
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ def rax_dns_record_ptr(module, data=None, comment=None, loadbalancer=None,
             try:
                 dns.delete_ptr_records(item, data)
                 changed = True
-            except Exception, e:
+            except Exception as e:
                 module.fail_json(msg='%s' % e.message)
 
         module.exit_json(changed=changed, records=results)
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ def rax_dns_record(module, comment=None, data=None, domain=None, name=None,
 
         try:
             domain = dns.find(name=domain)
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             module.fail_json(msg='%s' % e.message)
 
         try:
@@ -218,9 +218,9 @@ def rax_dns_record(module, comment=None, data=None, domain=None, name=None,
                 record = domain.find_record(record_type, name=name)
             else:
                 record = domain.find_record(record_type, name=name, data=data)
-        except pyrax.exceptions.DomainRecordNotUnique, e:
+        except pyrax.exceptions.DomainRecordNotUnique as e:
             module.fail_json(msg='overwrite=true and there are multiple matching records')
-        except pyrax.exceptions.DomainRecordNotFound, e:
+        except pyrax.exceptions.DomainRecordNotFound as e:
             try:
                 record_data = {
                     'type': record_type,
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ def rax_dns_record(module, comment=None, data=None, domain=None, name=None,
 
                 record = domain.add_records([record_data])[0]
                 changed = True
-            except Exception, e:
+            except Exception as e:
                 module.fail_json(msg='%s' % e.message)
 
         update = {}
@@ -253,28 +253,28 @@ def rax_dns_record(module, comment=None, data=None, domain=None, name=None,
                 record.update(**update)
                 changed = True
                 record.get()
-            except Exception, e:
+            except Exception as e:
                 module.fail_json(msg='%s' % e.message)
 
     elif state == 'absent':
         try:
             domain = dns.find(name=domain)
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             module.fail_json(msg='%s' % e.message)
 
         try:
             record = domain.find_record(record_type, name=name, data=data)
-        except pyrax.exceptions.DomainRecordNotFound, e:
+        except pyrax.exceptions.DomainRecordNotFound as e:
             record = {}
             pass
-        except pyrax.exceptions.DomainRecordNotUnique, e:
+        except pyrax.exceptions.DomainRecordNotUnique as e:
             module.fail_json(msg='%s' % e.message)
 
         if record:
             try:
                 record.delete()
                 changed = True
-            except Exception, e:
+            except Exception as e:
                 module.fail_json(msg='%s' % e.message)
 
     module.exit_json(changed=changed, record=rax_to_dict(record))
diff --git a/cloud/rackspace/rax_facts.py b/cloud/rackspace/rax_facts.py
index 481732c0af7..8923718e5e7 100644
--- a/cloud/rackspace/rax_facts.py
+++ b/cloud/rackspace/rax_facts.py
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ def rax_facts(module, address, name, server_id):
         search_opts = dict(name='^%s$' % name)
         try:
             servers = cs.servers.list(search_opts=search_opts)
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             module.fail_json(msg='%s' % e.message)
     elif address:
         servers = []
@@ -89,13 +89,13 @@ def rax_facts(module, address, name, server_id):
                     if address in addresses:
                         servers.append(server)
                         break
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             module.fail_json(msg='%s' % e.message)
     elif server_id:
         servers = []
         try:
             servers.append(cs.servers.get(server_id))
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             pass
     
     servers[:] = [server for server in servers if server.status != "DELETED"]
diff --git a/cloud/rackspace/rax_files.py b/cloud/rackspace/rax_files.py
index c3f9e8ddec4..48d5db21284 100644
--- a/cloud/rackspace/rax_files.py
+++ b/cloud/rackspace/rax_files.py
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ EXAMPLES = '''
 try:
     import pyrax
     HAS_PYRAX = True
-except ImportError, e:
+except ImportError as e:
     HAS_PYRAX = False
 
 EXIT_DICT = dict(success=True)
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ META_PREFIX = 'x-container-meta-'
 def _get_container(module, cf, container):
     try:
         return cf.get_container(container)
-    except pyrax.exc.NoSuchContainer, e:
+    except pyrax.exc.NoSuchContainer as e:
         module.fail_json(msg=e.message)
 
 
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ def _fetch_meta(module, container):
         for k, v in container.get_metadata().items():
             split_key = k.split(META_PREFIX)[-1]
             EXIT_DICT['meta'][split_key] = v
-    except Exception, e:
+    except Exception as e:
         module.fail_json(msg=e.message)
 
 
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ def meta(cf, module, container_, state, meta_, clear_meta):
     if meta_ and state == 'present':
         try:
             meta_set = c.set_metadata(meta_, clear=clear_meta)
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             module.fail_json(msg=e.message)
     elif meta_ and state == 'absent':
         remove_results = []
@@ -214,12 +214,12 @@ def container(cf, module, container_, state, meta_, clear_meta, ttl, public,
 
     try:
         c = cf.get_container(container_)
-    except pyrax.exc.NoSuchContainer, e:
+    except pyrax.exc.NoSuchContainer as e:
         # Make the container if state=present, otherwise bomb out
         if state == 'present':
             try:
                 c = cf.create_container(container_)
-            except Exception, e:
+            except Exception as e:
                 module.fail_json(msg=e.message)
             else:
                 EXIT_DICT['changed'] = True
@@ -232,7 +232,7 @@ def container(cf, module, container_, state, meta_, clear_meta, ttl, public,
         if state == 'absent':
             try:
                 cont_deleted = c.delete()
-            except Exception, e:
+            except Exception as e:
                 module.fail_json(msg=e.message)
             else:
                 EXIT_DICT['deleted'] = True
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ def container(cf, module, container_, state, meta_, clear_meta, ttl, public,
     if meta_:
         try:
             meta_set = c.set_metadata(meta_, clear=clear_meta)
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             module.fail_json(msg=e.message)
         finally:
             _fetch_meta(module, c)
@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ def container(cf, module, container_, state, meta_, clear_meta, ttl, public,
     if ttl:
         try:
             c.cdn_ttl = ttl
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             module.fail_json(msg=e.message)
         else:
             EXIT_DICT['ttl'] = c.cdn_ttl
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ def container(cf, module, container_, state, meta_, clear_meta, ttl, public,
     if public:
         try:
             cont_public = c.make_public()
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             module.fail_json(msg=e.message)
         else:
             EXIT_DICT['container_urls'] = dict(url=c.cdn_uri,
@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ def container(cf, module, container_, state, meta_, clear_meta, ttl, public,
     if private:
         try:
             cont_private = c.make_private()
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             module.fail_json(msg=e.message)
         else:
             EXIT_DICT['set_private'] = True
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ def container(cf, module, container_, state, meta_, clear_meta, ttl, public,
     if web_index:
         try:
             cont_web_index = c.set_web_index_page(web_index)
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             module.fail_json(msg=e.message)
         else:
             EXIT_DICT['set_index'] = True
@@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ def container(cf, module, container_, state, meta_, clear_meta, ttl, public,
     if web_error:
         try:
             cont_err_index = c.set_web_error_page(web_error)
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             module.fail_json(msg=e.message)
         else:
             EXIT_DICT['set_error'] = True
diff --git a/cloud/rackspace/rax_files_objects.py b/cloud/rackspace/rax_files_objects.py
index bdeee6ad424..d89a8067093 100644
--- a/cloud/rackspace/rax_files_objects.py
+++ b/cloud/rackspace/rax_files_objects.py
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ META_PREFIX = 'x-object-meta-'
 def _get_container(module, cf, container):
     try:
         return cf.get_container(container)
-    except pyrax.exc.NoSuchContainer, e:
+    except pyrax.exc.NoSuchContainer as e:
         module.fail_json(msg=e.message)
 
 
@@ -238,17 +238,17 @@ def upload(module, cf, container, src, dest, meta, expires):
     if dest and not is_dir:
         try:
             cont_obj = c.upload_file(src, obj_name=dest, ttl=expires, headers=meta)
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             module.fail_json(msg=e.message)
     elif is_dir:
         try:
             total_bytes = _upload_folder(cf, src, c, ttl=expires, headers=meta)
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             module.fail_json(msg=e.message)
     else:
         try:
             cont_obj = c.upload_file(src, ttl=expires, headers=meta)
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             module.fail_json(msg=e.message)
 
     EXIT_DICT['success'] = True
@@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ def download(module, cf, container, src, dest, structure):
     for obj in objs:
         try:
             c.download_object(obj, dest, structure=structure)
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             module.fail_json(msg=e.message)
         else:
             results.append(obj)
@@ -348,7 +348,7 @@ def delete(module, cf, container, src, dest):
     for obj in objs:
         try:
             result = c.delete_object(obj)
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             module.fail_json(msg=e.message)
         else:
             results.append(result)
@@ -396,7 +396,7 @@ def get_meta(module, cf, container, src, dest):
     for obj in objs:
         try:
             meta = c.get_object(obj).get_metadata()
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             module.fail_json(msg=e.message)
         else:
             results[obj] = dict()
@@ -434,7 +434,7 @@ def put_meta(module, cf, container, src, dest, meta, clear_meta):
     for obj in objs:
         try:
             result = c.get_object(obj).set_metadata(meta, clear=clear_meta)
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             module.fail_json(msg=e.message)
         else:
             results.append(result)
@@ -473,20 +473,20 @@ def delete_meta(module, cf, container, src, dest, meta):
             for k, v in meta.items():
                 try:
                     result = c.get_object(obj).remove_metadata_key(k)
-                except Exception, e:
+                except Exception as e:
                     module.fail_json(msg=e.message)
                 else:
                     results.append(result)
         else:
             try:
                 o = c.get_object(obj)
-            except pyrax.exc.NoSuchObject, e:
+            except pyrax.exc.NoSuchObject as e:
                 module.fail_json(msg=e.message)
 
             for k, v in o.get_metadata().items():
                 try:
                     result = o.remove_metadata_key(k)
-                except Exception, e:
+                except Exception as e:
                     module.fail_json(msg=e.message)
                 results.append(result)
 
diff --git a/cloud/rackspace/rax_keypair.py b/cloud/rackspace/rax_keypair.py
index e8cadd968fb..0e9585b24c9 100644
--- a/cloud/rackspace/rax_keypair.py
+++ b/cloud/rackspace/rax_keypair.py
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ def rax_keypair(module, name, public_key, state):
                 f = open(public_key)
                 public_key = f.read()
                 f.close()
-            except Exception, e:
+            except Exception as e:
                 module.fail_json(msg='Failed to load %s' % public_key)
 
         try:
@@ -118,9 +118,9 @@ def rax_keypair(module, name, public_key, state):
             try:
                 keypair = cs.keypairs.create(name, public_key)
                 changed = True
-            except Exception, e:
+            except Exception as e:
                 module.fail_json(msg='%s' % e.message)
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             module.fail_json(msg='%s' % e.message)
 
     elif state == 'absent':
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ def rax_keypair(module, name, public_key, state):
             try:
                 keypair.delete()
                 changed = True
-            except Exception, e:
+            except Exception as e:
                 module.fail_json(msg='%s' % e.message)
 
     module.exit_json(changed=changed, keypair=rax_to_dict(keypair))
diff --git a/cloud/rackspace/rax_meta.py b/cloud/rackspace/rax_meta.py
index 1c6c3bfd234..724513a3120 100644
--- a/cloud/rackspace/rax_meta.py
+++ b/cloud/rackspace/rax_meta.py
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ def rax_meta(module, address, name, server_id, meta):
         search_opts = dict(name='^%s$' % name)
         try:
             servers = cs.servers.list(search_opts=search_opts)
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             module.fail_json(msg='%s' % e.message)
     elif address:
         servers = []
@@ -101,13 +101,13 @@ def rax_meta(module, address, name, server_id, meta):
                     if address in addresses:
                         servers.append(server)
                         break
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             module.fail_json(msg='%s' % e.message)
     elif server_id:
         servers = []
         try:
             servers.append(cs.servers.get(server_id))
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             pass
 
     if len(servers) > 1:
diff --git a/cloud/rackspace/rax_network.py b/cloud/rackspace/rax_network.py
index cea7531a8db..59b1cd6554a 100644
--- a/cloud/rackspace/rax_network.py
+++ b/cloud/rackspace/rax_network.py
@@ -86,9 +86,9 @@ def cloud_network(module, state, label, cidr):
             try:
                 network = pyrax.cloud_networks.create(label, cidr=cidr)
                 changed = True
-            except Exception, e:
+            except Exception as e:
                 module.fail_json(msg='%s' % e.message)
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             module.fail_json(msg='%s' % e.message)
 
     elif state == 'absent':
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ def cloud_network(module, state, label, cidr):
             changed = True
         except pyrax.exceptions.NetworkNotFound:
             pass
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             module.fail_json(msg='%s' % e.message)
 
     if network:
diff --git a/cloud/rackspace/rax_queue.py b/cloud/rackspace/rax_queue.py
index 8b1a60e4b81..fc2c1ae8d5c 100644
--- a/cloud/rackspace/rax_queue.py
+++ b/cloud/rackspace/rax_queue.py
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ def cloud_queue(module, state, name):
             try:
                 queue = cq.create(name)
                 changed = True
-            except Exception, e:
+            except Exception as e:
                 module.fail_json(msg='%s' % e.message)
         else:
             queue = queues[0]
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ def cloud_queue(module, state, name):
             try:
                 queue.delete()
                 changed = True
-            except Exception, e:
+            except Exception as e:
                 module.fail_json(msg='%s' % e.message)
 
     module.exit_json(changed=changed, queue=instance)
diff --git a/cloud/rackspace/rax_scaling_group.py b/cloud/rackspace/rax_scaling_group.py
index 79b7395f400..952e215c72a 100644
--- a/cloud/rackspace/rax_scaling_group.py
+++ b/cloud/rackspace/rax_scaling_group.py
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ def rax_asg(module, cooldown=300, disk_config=None, files={}, flavor=None,
             f = open(user_data)
             user_data = f.read()
             f.close()
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             module.fail_json(msg='Failed to load %s' % user_data)
 
     if state == 'present':
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ def rax_asg(module, cooldown=300, disk_config=None, files={}, flavor=None,
                         'contents': f.read()
                     })
                     f.close()
-                except Exception, e:
+                except Exception as e:
                     module.fail_json(msg='Failed to load %s' % lpath)
 
         lbs = []
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ def rax_asg(module, cooldown=300, disk_config=None, files={}, flavor=None,
 
         try:
             sg = au.find(name=name)
-        except pyrax.exceptions.NoUniqueMatch, e:
+        except pyrax.exceptions.NoUniqueMatch as e:
             module.fail_json(msg='%s' % e.message)
         except pyrax.exceptions.NotFound:
             try:
@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ def rax_asg(module, cooldown=300, disk_config=None, files={}, flavor=None,
                                key_name=key_name, config_drive=config_drive,
                                user_data=user_data)
                 changed = True
-            except Exception, e:
+            except Exception as e:
                 module.fail_json(msg='%s' % e.message)
 
         if not changed:
@@ -344,9 +344,9 @@ def rax_asg(module, cooldown=300, disk_config=None, files={}, flavor=None,
             sg = au.find(name=name)
             sg.delete()
             changed = True
-        except pyrax.exceptions.NotFound, e:
+        except pyrax.exceptions.NotFound as e:
             sg = {}
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             module.fail_json(msg='%s' % e.message)
 
         module.exit_json(changed=changed, autoscale_group=rax_to_dict(sg))
diff --git a/cloud/rackspace/rax_scaling_policy.py b/cloud/rackspace/rax_scaling_policy.py
index b216ca13274..33ebc60779d 100644
--- a/cloud/rackspace/rax_scaling_policy.py
+++ b/cloud/rackspace/rax_scaling_policy.py
@@ -141,12 +141,12 @@ def rax_asp(module, at=None, change=0, cron=None, cooldown=300,
     except ValueError:
         try:
             sg = au.find(name=scaling_group)
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             module.fail_json(msg='%s' % e.message)
     else:
         try:
             sg = au.get(scaling_group)
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             module.fail_json(msg='%s' % e.message)
 
     if state == 'present':
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ def rax_asp(module, at=None, change=0, cron=None, cooldown=300,
                                        desired_capacity=desired_capacity,
                                        args=args)
                 changed = True
-            except Exception, e:
+            except Exception as e:
                 module.fail_json(msg='%s' % e.message)
 
         else:
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ def rax_asp(module, at=None, change=0, cron=None, cooldown=300,
             else:
                 policy.delete()
                 changed = True
-        except Exception, e:
+        except Exception as e:
             module.fail_json(msg='%s' % e.message)
 
         module.exit_json(changed=changed, autoscale_policy=rax_to_dict(policy))