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<span class="globaltoc"><ul class="current">
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="gettingstarted.html">Getting Started</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="patterns.html">Inventory & Patterns</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1 current"><a class="current reference internal" href="">Command Line Examples And Next Steps</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="modules.html">Ansible Modules</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="YAMLSyntax.html">YAML Syntax</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="playbooks.html">Playbooks</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="playbooks2.html">Advanced Playbooks</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="bestpractices.html">Best Practices</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="api.html">API & Integrations</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="moduledev.html">Module Development</a></li>
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<span class="localtoc"><ul>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Command Line Examples And Next Steps</a><ul>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#parallelism-and-shell-commands">Parallelism and Shell Commands</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#file-transfer">File Transfer</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#managing-packages">Managing Packages</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#users-and-groups">Users and Groups</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#deploying-from-source-control">Deploying From Source Control</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#managing-services">Managing Services</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#time-limited-background-operations">Time Limited Background Operations</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#limiting-selected-hosts">Limiting Selected Hosts</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#configuration-defaults">Configuration & Defaults</a></li>
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</ul>
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<div class="container">
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<div class="section" id="command-line-examples-and-next-steps">
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<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#contents">Command Line Examples And Next Steps</a><a class="headerlink" href="#command-line-examples-and-next-steps" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
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<p>The following examples show how to use <cite>/usr/bin/ansible</cite> for running
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ad hoc tasks. Start here.</p>
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<p>For configuration management and deployments, you’ll want to pick up on
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using <cite>/usr/bin/ansible-playbook</cite> – the concepts port over directly.
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(See <a class="reference internal" href="playbooks.html"><em>Playbooks</em></a> for more information about those)</p>
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<div class="contents topic" id="contents">
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<p class="topic-title first">Contents</p>
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<ul class="simple">
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#command-line-examples-and-next-steps" id="id1">Command Line Examples And Next Steps</a><ul>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#parallelism-and-shell-commands" id="id2">Parallelism and Shell Commands</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#file-transfer" id="id3">File Transfer</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#managing-packages" id="id4">Managing Packages</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#users-and-groups" id="id5">Users and Groups</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#deploying-from-source-control" id="id6">Deploying From Source Control</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#managing-services" id="id7">Managing Services</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#time-limited-background-operations" id="id8">Time Limited Background Operations</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#limiting-selected-hosts" id="id9">Limiting Selected Hosts</a></li>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#configuration-defaults" id="id10">Configuration & Defaults</a></li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="parallelism-and-shell-commands">
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<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#contents">Parallelism and Shell Commands</a><a class="headerlink" href="#parallelism-and-shell-commands" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<p>Let’s use ansible’s command line tool to reboot all web servers in Atlanta, 10 at a time. First, let’s
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set up SSH-agent so it can remember our credentials:</p>
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<div class="highlight-bash"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$ </span>ssh-agent bash
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<span class="nv">$ </span>ssh-add ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>If you don’t want to use ssh-agent and want to instead SSH with a
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password instead of keys, you can with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--ask-pass</span></tt> (<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-k</span></tt>), but
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it’s much better to just use ssh-agent.</p>
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<p>Now to run the command on all servers in a group, in this case,
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<em>atlanta</em>, in 10 parallel forks:</p>
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<div class="highlight-bash"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$ </span>ansible atlanta -a <span class="s2">"/sbin/reboot"</span> -f 10
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>In 0.7 and later, this will default to running from your user account. If you do not like this
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behavior, pass in “-u username”. (In 0.6 and before, it defaulted to root. Most folks prefered
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defaulting to the current user, so we changed it).</p>
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<p>If you want to run commands as a different user, it looks like this:</p>
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<div class="highlight-bash"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$ </span>ansible atlanta -a <span class="s2">"/usr/bin/foo"</span> -u username
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>If you want to run commands through sudo:</p>
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<div class="highlight-bash"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$ </span>ansible atlanta -a <span class="s2">"/usr/bin/foo"</span> -u username --sudo <span class="o">[</span>--ask-sudo-pass<span class="o">]</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>Use <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--ask-sudo-pass</span></tt> (<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-K</span></tt>) if you are not using passwordless
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sudo. This will interactively prompt you for the password to use.
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Use of passwordless sudo makes things easier to automate, but it’s not
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required.</p>
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<p>It is also possible to sudo to a user other than root using
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<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--sudo-user</span></tt> (<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-U</span></tt>):</p>
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<div class="highlight-bash"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$ </span>ansible atlanta -a <span class="s2">"/usr/bin/foo"</span> -u username -U otheruser <span class="o">[</span>--ask-sudo-pass<span class="o">]</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>Ok, so those are basics. If you didn’t read about patterns and groups yet, go back and read <a class="reference internal" href="patterns.html"><em>Inventory & Patterns</em></a>.</p>
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<p>The <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-f</span> <span class="pre">10</span></tt> in the above specifies the usage of 10 simultaneous
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processes. Normally commands also take a <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-m</span></tt> for module name, but
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the default module name is ‘command’, so we didn’t need to
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specify that all of the time. We’ll use <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-m</span></tt> in later examples to
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run some other <a class="reference internal" href="modules.html"><em>Ansible Modules</em></a>.</p>
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<div class="admonition note">
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<p class="first admonition-title">Note</p>
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<p class="last">The <a class="reference internal" href="modules.html#command"><em>command</em></a> module requires absolute paths and does not
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support shell variables. If we want to execute a module using a
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shell, we can do those things, and also use pipe and redirection
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operators. Read more about the differences on the <a class="reference internal" href="modules.html"><em>Ansible Modules</em></a>
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page.</p>
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</div>
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<p>Using the <a class="reference internal" href="modules.html#shell"><em>shell</em></a> module looks like this:</p>
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<div class="highlight-bash"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$ </span>ansible raleigh -m shell -a <span class="s1">'echo $TERM'</span>
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</pre></div>
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</div>
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<p>When running any command with the ansible <em>ad hoc</em> CLI (as opposed to
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<a class="reference internal" href="playbooks.html"><em>Playbooks</em></a>), pay particular attention to shell quoting rules, so
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the shell doesn’t eat a variable before it gets passed to Ansible.
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For example, using double vs single quotes in the above example would
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evaluate the variable on the box you were on.</p>
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<p>So far we’ve been demoing simple command execution, but most Ansible modules usually do not work like
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simple scripts. They make the remote system look like you state, and run the commands necessary to
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get it there. This is commonly referred to as ‘idempotence’, and is a core design goal of ansible.
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However, we also recognize that running <em>ad hoc</em> commands is equally important, so Ansible easily supports both.</p>
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</div>
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<div class="section" id="file-transfer">
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<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#contents">File Transfer</a><a class="headerlink" href="#file-transfer" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<p>Here’s another use case for the <cite>/usr/bin/ansible</cite> command line. Ansible can SCP lots of files to multiple machines in parallel.</p>
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<p>To transfer a file directly to many different servers:</p>
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<div class="highlight-bash"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$ </span>ansible atlanta -m copy -a <span class="s2">"src=/etc/hosts dest=/tmp/hosts"</span>
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</pre></div>
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||
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|
</div>
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||
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<p>If you use playbooks, you can also take advantage of the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">template</span></tt> module,
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|
which takes this another step further. (See module and playbook documentation).</p>
|
||
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|
<p>The <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">file</span></tt> module allows changing ownership and permissions on files. These
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||
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same options can be passed directly to the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">copy</span></tt> module as well:</p>
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||
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<div class="highlight-bash"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$ </span>ansible webservers -m file -a <span class="s2">"dest=/srv/foo/a.txt mode=600"</span>
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<span class="nv">$ </span>ansible webservers -m file -a <span class="s2">"dest=/srv/foo/b.txt mode=600 owner=mdehaan group=mdehaan"</span>
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</pre></div>
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||
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|
</div>
|
||
12 years ago
|
<p>The <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">file</span></tt> module can also create directories, similar to <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">mkdir</span> <span class="pre">-p</span></tt>:</p>
|
||
|
<div class="highlight-bash"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$ </span>ansible webservers -m file -a <span class="s2">"dest=/path/to/c mode=644 owner=mdehaan group=mdehaan state=directory"</span>
|
||
|
</pre></div>
|
||
13 years ago
|
</div>
|
||
|
<p>As well as delete directories (recursively) and delete files:</p>
|
||
12 years ago
|
<div class="highlight-bash"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$ </span>ansible webservers -m file -a <span class="s2">"dest=/path/to/c state=absent"</span>
|
||
|
</pre></div>
|
||
13 years ago
|
</div>
|
||
13 years ago
|
</div>
|
||
13 years ago
|
<div class="section" id="managing-packages">
|
||
12 years ago
|
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#contents">Managing Packages</a><a class="headerlink" href="#managing-packages" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||
12 years ago
|
<p>There are modules available for yum and apt. Here are some examples
|
||
12 years ago
|
with yum.</p>
|
||
13 years ago
|
<p>Ensure a package is installed, but don’t update it:</p>
|
||
12 years ago
|
<div class="highlight-bash"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$ </span>ansible webservers -m yum -a <span class="s2">"pkg=acme state=installed"</span>
|
||
|
</pre></div>
|
||
13 years ago
|
</div>
|
||
|
<p>Ensure a package is installed to a specific version:</p>
|
||
12 years ago
|
<div class="highlight-bash"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$ </span>ansible webservers -m yum -a <span class="s2">"pkg=acme-1.5 state=installed"</span>
|
||
|
</pre></div>
|
||
13 years ago
|
</div>
|
||
|
<p>Ensure a package is at the latest version:</p>
|
||
12 years ago
|
<div class="highlight-bash"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$ </span>ansible webservers -m yum -a <span class="s2">"pkg=acme state=latest"</span>
|
||
|
</pre></div>
|
||
13 years ago
|
</div>
|
||
|
<p>Ensure a package is not installed:</p>
|
||
12 years ago
|
<div class="highlight-bash"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$ </span>ansible webservers -m yum -a <span class="s2">"pkg=acme state=removed"</span>
|
||
|
</pre></div>
|
||
13 years ago
|
</div>
|
||
13 years ago
|
<p>Currently Ansible only has modules for managing packages with yum and apt. You can install
|
||
13 years ago
|
for other packages for now using the command module or (better!) contribute a module
|
||
13 years ago
|
for other package managers. Stop by the mailing list for info/details.</p>
|
||
|
</div>
|
||
13 years ago
|
<div class="section" id="users-and-groups">
|
||
12 years ago
|
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#contents">Users and Groups</a><a class="headerlink" href="#users-and-groups" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||
12 years ago
|
<p>The ‘user’ module allows easy creation and manipulation of
|
||
12 years ago
|
existing user accounts, as well as removal of user accounts that may
|
||
|
exist:</p>
|
||
|
<div class="highlight-bash"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$ </span>ansible all -m user -a <span class="s2">"name=foo password=<crypted password here>"</span>
|
||
13 years ago
|
|
||
12 years ago
|
<span class="nv">$ </span>ansible all -m user -a <span class="s2">"name=foo state=absent"</span>
|
||
|
</pre></div>
|
||
13 years ago
|
</div>
|
||
13 years ago
|
<p>See the <a class="reference internal" href="modules.html"><em>Ansible Modules</em></a> section for details on all of the available options, including
|
||
|
how to manipulate groups and group membership.</p>
|
||
13 years ago
|
</div>
|
||
13 years ago
|
<div class="section" id="deploying-from-source-control">
|
||
12 years ago
|
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#contents">Deploying From Source Control</a><a class="headerlink" href="#deploying-from-source-control" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||
13 years ago
|
<p>Deploy your webapp straight from git:</p>
|
||
12 years ago
|
<div class="highlight-bash"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$ </span>ansible webservers -m git -a <span class="s2">"repo=git://foo.example.org/repo.git dest=/srv/myapp version=HEAD"</span>
|
||
|
</pre></div>
|
||
13 years ago
|
</div>
|
||
12 years ago
|
<p>Since ansible modules can notify change handlers it is possible to
|
||
|
tell ansible to run specific tasks when the code is updated, such as
|
||
|
deploying Perl/Python/PHP/Ruby directly from git and then restarting
|
||
|
apache.</p>
|
||
13 years ago
|
</div>
|
||
13 years ago
|
<div class="section" id="managing-services">
|
||
12 years ago
|
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#contents">Managing Services</a><a class="headerlink" href="#managing-services" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||
13 years ago
|
<p>Ensure a service is started on all webservers:</p>
|
||
12 years ago
|
<div class="highlight-bash"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$ </span>ansible webservers -m service -a <span class="s2">"name=httpd state=started"</span>
|
||
|
</pre></div>
|
||
13 years ago
|
</div>
|
||
|
<p>Alternatively, restart a service on all webservers:</p>
|
||
12 years ago
|
<div class="highlight-bash"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$ </span>ansible webservers -m service -a <span class="s2">"name=httpd state=restarted"</span>
|
||
|
</pre></div>
|
||
13 years ago
|
</div>
|
||
|
<p>Ensure a service is stopped:</p>
|
||
12 years ago
|
<div class="highlight-bash"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$ </span>ansible webservers -m service -a <span class="s2">"name=httpd state=stopped"</span>
|
||
|
</pre></div>
|
||
13 years ago
|
</div>
|
||
|
</div>
|
||
13 years ago
|
<div class="section" id="time-limited-background-operations">
|
||
12 years ago
|
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#contents">Time Limited Background Operations</a><a class="headerlink" href="#time-limited-background-operations" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||
13 years ago
|
<p>Long running operations can be backgrounded, and their status can be
|
||
|
checked on later. The same job ID is given to the same task on all
|
||
13 years ago
|
hosts, so you won’t lose track. If you kick hosts and don’t want
|
||
|
to poll, it looks like this:</p>
|
||
12 years ago
|
<div class="highlight-bash"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$ </span>ansible all -B 3600 -a <span class="s2">"/usr/bin/long_running_operation --do-stuff"</span>
|
||
|
</pre></div>
|
||
13 years ago
|
</div>
|
||
13 years ago
|
<p>If you do decide you want to check on the job status later, you can:</p>
|
||
12 years ago
|
<div class="highlight-bash"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$ </span>ansible all -m async_status -a <span class="s2">"jid=123456789"</span>
|
||
|
</pre></div>
|
||
13 years ago
|
</div>
|
||
|
<p>Polling is built-in and looks like this:</p>
|
||
12 years ago
|
<div class="highlight-bash"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$ </span>ansible all -B 1800 -P 60 -a <span class="s2">"/usr/bin/long_running_operation --do-stuff"</span>
|
||
|
</pre></div>
|
||
13 years ago
|
</div>
|
||
12 years ago
|
<p>The above example says “run for 30 minutes max (<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-B</span></tt>: 30*60=1800),
|
||
|
poll for status (<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-P</span></tt>) every 60 seconds”.</p>
|
||
13 years ago
|
<p>Poll mode is smart so all jobs will be started before polling will begin on any machine.
|
||
12 years ago
|
Be sure to use a high enough <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">--forks</span></tt> value if you want to get all of your jobs started
|
||
13 years ago
|
very quickly. After the time limit (in seconds) runs out (<tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">-B</span></tt>), the process on
|
||
|
the remote nodes will be terminated.</p>
|
||
12 years ago
|
<p>Typically you’ll be only be backgrounding long-running
|
||
|
shell commands or software upgrades only. Backgrounding the copy module does not do a background file transfer. <a class="reference internal" href="playbooks.html"><em>Playbooks</em></a> also support polling, and have a simplified syntax for this.</p>
|
||
12 years ago
|
</div>
|
||
|
<div class="section" id="limiting-selected-hosts">
|
||
12 years ago
|
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#contents">Limiting Selected Hosts</a><a class="headerlink" href="#limiting-selected-hosts" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||
12 years ago
|
<p class="versionadded">
|
||
|
<span class="versionmodified">New in version 0.7.</span></p>
|
||
|
<p>What hosts you select to manage can be additionally constrained by using the ‘–limit’ parameter or
|
||
|
by using ‘batch’ (or ‘range’) selectors.</p>
|
||
|
<p>As mentioned above, patterns can be strung together to select hosts in more than one group:</p>
|
||
|
<div class="highlight-bash"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$ </span>ansible webservers:dbservers -m <span class="nb">command</span> -a <span class="s2">"/bin/foo xyz"</span>
|
||
|
</pre></div>
|
||
|
</div>
|
||
|
<p>This is an “or” condition. If you want to further constrain the selection, use –limit, which
|
||
|
also works with <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ansible-playbook</span></tt>:</p>
|
||
|
<div class="highlight-bash"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$ </span>ansible webservers:dbservers -m <span class="nb">command</span> -a <span class="s2">"/bin/foo xyz"</span> region
|
||
|
</pre></div>
|
||
|
</div>
|
||
|
<p>Now let’s talk about range selection. Suppose you have 1000 servers in group ‘datacenter’, but only want to target one at a time. This is also easy:</p>
|
||
12 years ago
|
<div class="highlight-bash"><div class="highlight"><pre><span class="nv">$ </span>ansible webservers<span class="o">[</span>0-99<span class="o">]</span> -m <span class="nb">command</span> -a <span class="s2">"/bin/foo xyz"</span>
|
||
|
<span class="nv">$ </span>ansible webservers<span class="o">[</span>100-199<span class="o">]</span> -m <span class="nb">command</span> -a <span class="s2">"/bin/foo xyz"</span>
|
||
12 years ago
|
</pre></div>
|
||
|
</div>
|
||
12 years ago
|
<p>This will select the first 100, then the second 100, host entries in the webservers group. (It does not matter
|
||
|
what their names or IP addresses are).</p>
|
||
12 years ago
|
<p>Both of these methods can be used at the same time, and ranges can also be passed to the –limit parameter.</p>
|
||
12 years ago
|
</div>
|
||
|
<div class="section" id="configuration-defaults">
|
||
12 years ago
|
<h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#contents">Configuration & Defaults</a><a class="headerlink" href="#configuration-defaults" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||
12 years ago
|
<p class="versionadded">
|
||
|
<span class="versionmodified">New in version 0.7.</span></p>
|
||
12 years ago
|
<p>Ansible has an optional configuration file that can be used to tune settings and also eliminate the need to pass various command line flags. Ansible will look for the config file in the following order, using
|
||
|
the first config file it finds present:</p>
|
||
|
<ol class="arabic simple">
|
||
|
<li>File specified by the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ANSIBLE_CONFIG</span></tt> environment variable</li>
|
||
|
<li><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ansible.cfg</span></tt> in the current working directory. (version 0.8 and up)</li>
|
||
|
<li><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">~/.ansible.cfg</span></tt></li>
|
||
|
<li><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/etc/ansible/ansible.cfg</span></tt></li>
|
||
|
</ol>
|
||
|
<p>For those running from source, a sample configuration file lives in the examples/ directory. The RPM will install configuration into /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg automatically.</p>
|
||
13 years ago
|
<div class="admonition-see-also admonition seealso">
|
||
|
<p class="first admonition-title">See also</p>
|
||
|
<dl class="last docutils">
|
||
|
<dt><a class="reference internal" href="modules.html"><em>Ansible Modules</em></a></dt>
|
||
|
<dd>A list of available modules</dd>
|
||
|
<dt><a class="reference internal" href="playbooks.html"><em>Playbooks</em></a></dt>
|
||
|
<dd>Using ansible for configuration management & deployment</dd>
|
||
13 years ago
|
<dt><a class="reference external" href="http://groups.google.com/group/ansible-project">Mailing List</a></dt>
|
||
|
<dd>Questions? Help? Ideas? Stop by the list on Google Groups</dd>
|
||
|
<dt><a class="reference external" href="http://irc.freenode.net">irc.freenode.net</a></dt>
|
||
|
<dd>#ansible IRC chat channel</dd>
|
||
13 years ago
|
</dl>
|
||
|
</div>
|
||
13 years ago
|
</div>
|
||
13 years ago
|
</div>
|
||
|
|
||
|
|
||
13 years ago
|
<br/>
|
||
13 years ago
|
</div>
|
||
13 years ago
|
<footer class="footer">
|
||
12 years ago
|
<div class="container">
|
||
13 years ago
|
<p>
|
||
13 years ago
|
<p>
|
||
13 years ago
|
© Copyright 2012 Michael DeHaan.<br/>
|
||
12 years ago
|
Last updated on Oct 08, 2012.<br/>
|
||
13 years ago
|
</p>
|
||
12 years ago
|
</div>
|
||
13 years ago
|
</footer>
|
||
13 years ago
|
</body>
|
||
13 years ago
|
</html>
|