All currently known Wii U exploits can, unlike e.g. the Nintendo Switch RCM exploit, be patched by a system update. Although the Wii U is no longer officially supported, Nintendo may still release updates for it. Namely, the updates 5.5.3 and 5.5.4 were both released after the Wii U was discontinued, so blocking updates is still a recommended action.
Dumping your Discs allows you to install a copy of your game to the system NAND/a USB device so you can play it without needing the disc.
?> Dumping and installing games requires a working Homebrew setup, so make sure to finish the main guide on installing CFW first before following this.
?> Before starting, make sure to update your Wii U console to the latest firmware (5.5.4 for European consoles, 5.5.3 for all other regions) if you haven't already.
There are two main CFWs: Haxchi/ColdBootHaxchi (CBHC) and Mocha.